US1730641A - Method and apparatus for introducing explosive mixtures into internalcombustion engines - Google Patents

Description

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A. P. BRUSH AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING EXPLOSIVE IIXTURES INTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENG Filed March 12, 1923 Oct. 8, 1929.

METHOD Oct. 8, 1929. A. P. BRUSH 1,730,641

IETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES INTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 12 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 anuentoz flaansan Z. Brash J K K Patented Oct. d, 1 929 ALAN SON P. BRUSH, OF DETROTIT, MICHIGAN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR inraomrcmo nxrnosivn MIXTURES m'ro INTERNAL- COMBUSTION mamas Application filed March 12, 1923. Serial No. 624,629.

The invention relates to the introduction of explosive mixtures into internal combustion engines and has more particular reference to the means for stabilizing the mixture under various conditions of operation so as to maintain a constant proportion.

Proportioned mixtures of air and liquid fuel such as delivered from the carburetor to the inlet manifold of the engine are of an unstable nature, due; first, that certain portions of the fuel (end points) will only vaporize at a comparatively high temperature; second, liquid particles carried in suspension will drop out of the low velocity portions of the current or are thrown out by their own inertia where there is a change of direction of the current. Where the mixture is robbed of apart of the fuel, it is no longer properly proportioned for combustion, and even where the fuel is eventually reintroduced into the mixture, the first effect is to produce an incombustible or imperfectly combustible mixture-,- hence the difficulty in-starting a cold engine.

It is the primary object of the present invention to so stabilize the mixture that a constant proportion of air and fuel will be maintained whether the engine is hot or coldor operating at low or high speeds and power output. This includesv means for withdrawing from the mixture any unvaporized fuel which might otherwise drop out on the way to the explosion chamber, together with means for quickly heating such fuel and reintroducing the same into the mixture. Thus even a temporary leaning of the mixture is avoided. It is a further'object to facilitate the vaporization of the end points without either overheating the mixture or delaying the reintroduction of the fuel into the same. 40 With these objects in view the invention con- .sists in the method of operation and in the construction as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing one construction of my improvement;

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through an engiie manifold to which the device is aplie v p Figure 3 is a central longitudinal section of 5 a modified construction.

' Broadly described, my improvement consists in removing unvaporized fuel from the low velocity portions of the current and in heating and quickly reintroducing such removed fuel into a high velocity portion of the current. A further feature is in subjecting the removed fuel ;while being heated This to a current of air of limited volume.

removes the vapor atmosphere and lowers the vapor pressureabove of the remaining liquid, thereby facilitating vapor zation.

In detail and as shown in Figure 1, A is a carburetor of any-suitable construction, B the throttle valve'thereof, and C the manifold leading to the several cylinders of the engine. Formed either as a part of this manifold or intermediate the same and the carburetor is a casing D which forms an expansion chamber, lowering the velocity of the current pass ing therethrough. As shown, the casing D has a dependin portion E forming a well or receptacle fort e liquid fuel dropping out of suspension. The bottom F of this well is preferably of a conical form and is heatedby suitable means, such as by forming a chamber G for the exhaust gases therebeneath. H is an ejector tube extending upward from thewell E, its upper end being arranged in a dropping outof the current, for the ejector tube is in constant operation and will carry the fuel with the current passing there-- through. When the engine is cold, these parts. will function merely as a commin ler,

utvwhen the bottom wall is heated, the eat will passby conduction into the-liquid and will facilitate vaporization. The more refractory portions or end points of-the fuel will be retained longest in contact with the heated surface and as the current is sweeping away the vapor as fast as formed, this will have the effect of lowering the vapor pressure above the liquid and facilitating vaporization.

If desired, the ejector effect may be stimulated by the formation of a jet aperture J through the bottom wall F in axial alignment with the tube H. This will discharge a limited quantity of the exhaust gases into the tube, increasing the velocity of the moving current and also contributing to a small extent to the heat supplied to the fuel.

\Vith the modified construction shown in Figure 3, which forms the subject matter of my copendin application, Serial Number 624,630, filed March 12, 1923, instead of placing the ejector tube in the fuel Well, a conduit K is connected to thefuel well E and returns therefrom to a portion of the manifold in rear of the well, first passing through the exhaust conduit L and terminating in a nozzle M. The nozzle M is placed in connection with the Venturi passage N, which will produce the necessary pressure drop to cause a flow of current through the conduit K. For introducing exhaust gases into the ejector tube there is provided a nozzle 0 communicating with the exhaust conduit L and inserting into i the conduit K in the direction of the flow therethrough. This construction will function. in a similar manner to the construction previously described, the only difference being the specific construction of means for reintroducing the fuel and the point in the manifold at wh ch said fuel is reintroduced.

My improvement has many advantages, among which are; first, its operativeness when the engine is cold, as in the starting of the same; second, it avoids overheating the air or complete mixture and thus prevents loss in power; third the fuel will be vapor ized at a lower temperature so as to avoid danger of destructive distillation or the forming of carbon; fourth, there is little delay in the reintroduction of the fuel, such as would be occasioned by the trapping of thesame in in a fixed pocket.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. The combination with the intake of an fuel into said current, means operated by the exhaust gases for heating the fuel while in said well, and means for discharging a portion of said exhaust gases into said ejector tube to stimulate the action thereof.

4. The combination with an induction conduit of an internal combustion engine, of an expansion chamber having a Well in the bottom thereof for receiving a portion of aliquid fuel content separated by gravity, and an ejector operated by the main current for lifting and reintroducing the separated fuel said ejector having its inlet end arranged to admit a limited volume of mixture thereto and heating means for the fuel intermediate the point of separation and reintroduction, said heating means beingout of contact with the main current of the mixture.

5. The combination with the induction conduit of an internal combustion engine having a substantially horizontal section, of a vcrti-' cally disposed expansion chamber communicating intermediate its ends with said horizontal section and having a Well in the lower portion thereof for receiving a portion of the liquid fuel content separated by gravity, means for heating the bottom wall ofsairl' well, an ejector tube leading from the said well into the main current, and a Venturi tube having its inlet adjacent the point of communication of said expansion chamber with-said horizontal section and having its restricted portion at the discharge end of said ejector tube. I

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

3 ALANSON P. BRUSH.

internal combustion engine having a throttle valve, of an expansion chamber above said throttle valve for separating by gravity from the explosive mixture a portion of the liquid fuel content, means for continuously reinportion thereof for receiving a portion of the v I

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