US172111A - Improvement in brick-machines - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet Z.

E. R. & W. E. GARD.

BRICK-MACHINE.

Patented Jan. V11, 1876.

. INVEJvToRaj #ww/Lf @Attorney WI TJV' ES SE S marina pHoro-L moana PHER, WASHINGYON D C Smets-sheets. E. R. & W'. E. GARD.

BRICK-MAHNE. 110.172,111. Patented Jan. 11, 1576,

WI TN'ESSES I JV' VEJV TORS;

. /0 l Ww? MII './ittorney UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.,

EMERY R. GARD AND WALTER E. GARD, OFVN'EW YORK, N. Y.; SAID E. R.

GARD ASSIGNOR TO SAID E. GARD. l

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 172, lll, dated January 11, 18,76; application led october 14, i875.

T o all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we,'EMERY R. GARD and WALTER E. GARD, of the city, county, and

State of New York, have invented an Im l proved BrickMachne; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being hadl to the accompanying drawings making part of this specification- Figure l being a top view of the brick-ma-` chine; Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section of the same in a plane indicated by the line cc cc, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section thereof in a plane indicated by the line y y, Fig. l; Fig. 4, a partial longitudinal vertical section of the same in a plane indicated by the line z z, Figs. l and 3; Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, l0, l1, and 12, sections of parts in detail, as indicated by the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters designate corresponding parts in all of the figures.

In this our improved brick-machine,rthe pug-mill A and pug-mill shaft B are situated horizontally, and the mold-Wheel C is upon a horizontal shaft, D, situated above the pugmill shaft, so. that the molds a a, arranged in a concentric circle in` the mold-wheel, pass properly across the' bottomor delivery end of the pug-mill in the lower part of their revolving circuit, andthe bricks, as fast as they are molded in the said molds, are delivered in the upper part of the mold-circuit upon a horizontally-traveling belt, E, which carries them I from the machine for hacking. The power is communicated to the machine'by means of a horizontal shaft, F, 'placed at the side of the pug-mill and parallel with its sha-ft B, to which it transmits motion through the cog-Wheels b and c, respectively, on the two shafts; and a cog-wheel, d, on the driving-shaft F, gears immediately into cog-gearin g c on the periphery of the mold-wheel G, so that the pug-mill shaft, workers, and screw turn in the saine direction as the mold-wheel, and the cog-gearing which transmits the motions to them is relatively proportioned, so as to impart the desired velocityto the said parts. rllhe brick-delivering` belt E is driven by means of an internalgear,

f, on an inner periphery of themold-Wheel,

themold-Wheel being formed with a central cavity, as shown in Fig. 4, so that this movement for driving the belt is rendered practicable. The said interior gear j matches into the ccgs of a pinion, g, on the shaft h, of the inner carrying-pulley t' of the delivering-belt. 'lhis pulley-shaft is mounted ina bearing,j, attached to or formed with the pug-mill bottom G, and projecting upward into the proper position for the purpose. The outer carryingpulley k of the delivery-belt is mounted in bearings l l, which have screw-threaded shanks to pass through a post or upright, H, set firmly in the ground at the desired distance from the machine, or attached to an extension of the frame of the machine. Nuts on the ends of the screW- Shanks of the bearings serve' to tighten the belt by drawing the bearings fartherthrough the post.

The whole device is simple, convenient, and

effectual.

Our invention consists in the peculiar features of the general construction of the machine, asabove set forth, and in the special features which are hereinafter specified. The

clay-forcing screw I, on the pug-mill shaft B, works in immediate vicinity to the inner face 4of the mold-WheelC, Without any intervening plate or partition, as is usual. By this construction, no unnecessary obstruction to the` movement of the clay 1s interposed, nor useless `friction, and no imperfection nor inconvenience in the working of the machine are incurred.-

To s'ecure the necessary strength of all the parts, with this relative arrangement of the pugmill screw and the mold-wheel, the face of the moldwheel being made annular, with a cen` trai cavity therein, as above described, this. annular part is made as narrow as practicable, each side of the outer and inner cor-v ners of the molds a a are set oblique to the tangents of the mold-wheel, one end of each mold being at right angles to the radii of the wheel at those respective points, while the other ends of the molds are considerably oblique to the radii of the mold-wheel at those points. An annular or arc-shaped opening is formed4 in the pug-mill bottom G, to receive the annular part of the mold-wheel, allowing, thereby, the inner surfaces of the mold-wheel and of thepng-mill bottom to be iiush with each other. The pug-mill screw l sweeps. across this annular part of the mold-wheel, and ills the molds in the most eflicient manner.

In order to hold the pug-mill screw I close and iirm to the pug-mill bottom, and to the face of the mold-wheel, and to adjust it, if necessary, there is located in the outer bearing m of the pug-mill shaft B, a block, n, (Fig. 10, which is a section taken at the line 1, Fig. 1,) of chilled iron or othervery hard material, to bearagainst the end of the shaft; and outside of this block is located a nut, in which an adjusting-screw, o, turns and bears against the block, for adjusting its position .and that of the pug-mill shaft and screw. The block n has an oilcavity,.as shown, to be provided with a small outlet-opening leading to the center of the end of the pug-mill shaft. The oil-cavity is to be kept supplied with oil and cotton-waste, or its equivalent, to prevent the too rapid escape of the oil. The' block a and screw o, and its nut, are embedded in cavities in the bearing m, and they can be removed at will on taking off the cap of the bearing.

A precisely similar device for holding, adjusting', and oiling the mold-wheel shaft D in the fra-me, is employed.

The inner end of the mold-wheel shaft has its bearing in an extension of the pug-mill bottom; and the inner bearing ofthe pugmill shaft is in the outer end of the pug-mill. There is, or may be, also, a bearing-support4 forthe pug-mill shaft just outside or back of the forcing-screwl, supported by the sides of the pug-mill or tub. The lower half of the pugmill is suitably supported by, or forms part of, the frame of the machine, and its upper half is hinged to the lower half or made removable therefrom.

The pug-mill bottom G, as far as it extends aroundthe periphery of the mold-wheel, including an extension, pf, which contains the pressure-plates or stone blocks, is made to closely embrace or inclose a portion of the outer periphery of the mold-wheel, and, to prevent the leakage of clay between the two, we form one or more angular projections, q, shown most clearly in Fig. 8, which represents a partial section of the mold-wheel, and pugmill bottom at the line 2, Fig. 2, on the periphery of the mold-wheel and corresponding angular shoulders or recesses'on or in the inclosing-surface of the pug-mill bottom. A similar construction is applied between the inner periphery of the mold -wheel and the part of the pug-mill bottom which fits therein. The followers J J in the molds are forced backward therein by the pressure of the clay itself, driven inward by the screw I ou the pug-mill shaft. The followersare driven forward to produce the compression ofthe bricks in the molds by means of a track or cam, K,

secured in the frame of the machine, concentric with, and opposite to, the pathway ofthe followers, and extending through so'much of the circuit of the followers in the revolution of the mold-wheel as is necessary to fulfill its functions, which include also the regulation of the backward movement of the followers from the pressure of the clay as well as the active function of forcing the followers inward to compress the brick, or hold them under pressure while they are carried along in contact with the pressure plates or blocks. A This regulation of' the movement of the followers while filling the molds, and the shape of the cam-track K, to effect it are important and peculiar. When, successively, each follower in its circuit with the mold-wheel, rst comes opposite to the interior of the pug-mill its inner surface is iiush, or nearly so, with the inner surfaces of the mold-wheel and pugmill bottom. across the inner space ofthe pug-mill, and the screw I'is acting to press the clay into't-hel mold, the follower is allowed, by the gradual retreat, or backward inclination of the camtrack, as shownat r, Fig. l, to move backward only gradually, so as to cause the mold to be continually filling during the whole, or nearly the whole, traverse across the pugmill. Therefore, no air enters the mold, but the clay enters and fills it as fast as the follower retreats. Hence, no air ever interferes to spoil the bricks, and the clay is always thoroughly compacted in the molds, and without any sudden exertion of power or strain on the machine.

The horizontal position of the pug-mill and of the moldwheel shaft enables us to get ready access to the cam-track and all the operative parts connected with the mold-wheel and followers, and to adjust any part necessary with convenience.

The upper part or continuation M of the cam-track, which is situated opposite to the pressure plates orblocks, is made separate from the main track K below; and this part is made adjustable toward and from the fol- `lowers, to determine the amount of pressure to be given to the bricks. We effect this adjustment by casting screws s s in the same, to reach backward through the sustaining parts ofthe frame, and two nuts, t t, are elnployed for each screw, as shown in Fig. l, one for adjusting the track-piece, and the other for tightening and retaining it in position.

At the upper end of the adjustable part M ofthe cam-track is a movablepiece, N, adjustable out or in, toward or from the-said part, to give the final pressure to the greater or less, as desired.

The mold-wheel is sustained against the pressure of the clay in the pug-mill, and under the pressure plates or blocks, in additior to the hardened block at the outer end of its shaft, by means of friction-rollers 0 P, one opposite to the pressure-plates, and the other Then, while it is traversing` bricks,

opposite t lthe ipug-'millg "the `foru1er1 1 being shown in Figs. l andu, and the latter, inY its detail"` arrangementinfFig; lZQLt-he section, Fig:ftakenatla horizontal lineeven with the* center of the' roller. f Each of these fric.`

tionrollers hasa somewhat-beveled or conical periphery, tota-'gainst a correspondingform` of thefback `surface of Ethe mold-wheel, near its'iperiphery;agaist'whichk surface the frictidnl'rollers: "bear,` Each V `:t'rictiouroller turns ul'ion` aiixed aXfle or pivot, lufwh ich has square or'atlsided'ends that "slide in 4slots lorways of`=it`s bearings, andagainst-these Veuds,llater ally,arepressedfblocks o 21,(or` nuts, when screws pivotedlstationary 1in Vthe frame are -ernployed,) 'byadjustihgscrews, toadjust `the rollers to proper` angles for fittingthebeveled surface of^theinold-wheel5 also, a block or nut,w`b, bearsagainstthe outerendof the pivot of thef roller '0, and against lthe lower endwof? the roller P, "and-y eachisedjusted by a setrscrew," al, as shown, to adjust the roller toward orfrom the* shaft of the mold-Wheel,`

and bring its` periphery `in contact with the beveled surface ofthe mold-wheel. The pivot has ashoulderfoutsideof the roller, to cause inalradjustinent ofithe pivot. f 1

i "Each pivotA u fhasan oil-cavity,-b, in its eeuteuiobe supplied through a hole, c', vin the 'upper side thereof, for `the roller 0, and

the roller to niove laterally with thelongitud having'another holefd,(shownfinFig. 1I,- i

which "is a section through the center "of `the pivbt and roller 0,) to furnish oil to theeye of the roller, to Which'it leads, for lubricating the saine. Forthe verticalpivot of the roller upper endorjouriial, and `be supplied through the upper bearing of-the'pivot; Each cavity is tocontain cotton-,Waste and oil.

"As soon as'the 'nioldsare filled With clay they pass from thepug-inill at once behinda plate or stone block,Q,"Fig.` 5, whichreprescnts a section taken in the concentric curved liiief4 4,;Fig. 2,1which serves tol cut oi' the clay inthe pug-mill from that in the inolds,

and-to' n oduce acounter-pressure against the follo\\ieI-s,"actingagainst the `bricks by the forceflof" the `cani -M'.`".^This plate or=-bl`ock`is adjusted to thepface of theinold-Wheelby set? screws in .theextension p' of the puginill bottom, simply 'bearingiagaiust thc back surface offthe-ffplate" orblock;` Itis sustained in po sition'byfawooden Ior-iron pin', e', passed l"cufs'foi' all* surplus `clayffroni the bricks inthe moldsjand gives a filial counter-pressureito the' ibricksyfsmdothiu'g also Ethei'r outensurtace.

`It fis adjustedto 'the inold-ifwheel :byV screws gg' in i `the extension 9,? bearing lagaiiistf fthe back surface of the plate or block, whichvalso `is sustained in positionbya Wooden or `metallic pin, h', inserted, through the extension, into theplate or block,.as representeda i After the bricks have been subinittedftothe ynal pressure and brought upinto the proper position, they are gradually pushed Vout ofthe therefrom, by means of a stationary/cam, S,`

Fig.1 1.` This cam,\for convenience andeconf oinyj of construction, `isvformed asa parte of the bearing; cap Tof `the mold-wheef shaft.

`The arrangement` ofthe 'molds a a, asbefore speciiied, so that the lrear ends ithereof, as

the mold-wheel revolves, arein line with radii of the" mold-wheel, thus causingthe front iends of the molds" to `extend neareryto `the outer periphery of :the said mold-wheel, enables the bricks to be deposited upon the horizontal carrying-offbeltE just when the molds fare in a horizontalposition, so that bothends` .of lthe bricks descend alike upon the belt and ,throughl the smallest possible distanceafter they drop from the molds. Thus they come upon the belt perfect in form and 1 unmarred in surface., i i n For oiling the i faces of the followers withl out oiling the face ofthe mold-Wheel the 4fol- Ilowers are caused, at proper` times,`1toibe pushed out vsomewhat beyond the inlierlsurface of theinold-Wheel when or immediately after they deliver the bricks upon the carryingoffbelt To accomplish this there isa movable piece, U, inthe face of theoam S, adj ust-ableltowardand from-the mold-Wheelbya set-screw, i', in the canniso that' thispiece can at any time be adjusted forward tothrow .the followersrbe-- yond the faceiof the mold-Wheel .When'ithe oil-i` ing is required, and afterward be adjusted back flush with the face ofthe cam fwhenthe followers are desired only to be pushed-"out even with lthefface'of` the mold-wheel, The piece Ushou'ld be adjusted forward only when the machine is in operation, making full bricks 5, otherwise, since the pressure ofthe? clayfisre' lied on to push the followers back into. the molds, the tollowerswould strike the-edge of the pressureplate or block Q, and produce damage. 'lherefo're,` theV nlachineis `always first'started andgotto inakingtfull bricksibef fore theffollowers are thrown out for oiling, `and thevpiece U is always `set back before stopping the machine, `and the claygets lowin the-pugnxill, and finally does not till the moldsm` The `follower oilingv device con'sistsof'` an oil.- box, V,2secured to the pulley-bearing jij-or to an extension of the `png-mill bottom `(,ialit= tle distance from the face of the mold-Wheel,

and providedwithl an piling-brush, 1W,\o'r.i.its equivalentglat the bottomfto apply` the oil i to the followe'rs'fasE they pass by it; `1 The oil-:box is fllled with oil, and has a peculiar' device for gradually supplyingA the oil to the brush without waste, as shown in Fig.9, which represents a cross-section of the oil-box at the line 5 5, Fig. There are three, more or fewer, screws k k k inserted through the oil-boX,their lower end s reaching down near to the brush.

Each screw has a small hole through its center up from its lower end, to a position near the bottom of the oil-cavity, and from the upper end of the said hole a side passage communicates with the oilcavity, as shown.

The screws canl be screwed upward to open the whole side aperture to the oil, and allow a full ow of oil to descend to the brush; or they can be screwed down till the side apertures are entirely closed in the bottom of the oil-box, thus entirely stopping-the ow of oil or the said side apertures can be partially closed, more or less, to any degree, to allow a greater or less flow of oil. Thus the exact quantity of oil necessary for the purpose can be regulated to a nicety, and no waste of oil be permitted.

The top of the oil-box serves as a support to the carrying-off belt E, which passes along immediately over it, where the bricks are conveyed, so that the belt is. thereby relieved of much strain, and no sagging thereof takes place from the weight of the bricks. The bricks are placed upon the belt edge down, so that they are delivered by the belt in the most convenient position to take hold of by the attendants for hacking.

The followers J J are of improved construction in several particulars. Each follower has its friction-roller X set oblique to the follower sufficiently to compensate for the oblique position of the mold, so that its faces shall be properly tangent to the circles in which the follower moves by the revolution of the moldwheel, and the bearings Y Y of vits journals are set in correspondingly-oblique positions in the follower, as shown in Fig. 3, to bring the roller to the position required. These bearings slide in ways in the sides of the follower,

toward and from the face thereof', and their distance from the face of the follower is adjusted to vary the thickness of the bricks, and to cause the bricks made in all the molds in the mold-wheel to be uniform in thickness, by means of adjusting-screws ll l screwed into the follower opposite tothe inner ends of the bearings for the said bearings to abut against, so that by setting the said screws farther out or in, the position of the faceof the follower, in relation to the bearings and their frictionroller, is determined, and since this roller moves in contact with the cam-track, which has a iixed relation to the mold-wheel, thereby the-depth to which the follower sinks in the Inold, to limit. the thickness of the bricks molded therein, is determined.

These set-screws might be screwed into the inner ends of the bearings, the heads thereof projecting toward and bearing against the follower, with the' same result asabove specified.

The journals of the friction-roller X are lubricated by means of oil-cavities m m Fig. 12, which represents a central section through the friction-roller and its journals and bearings, in the bearings Y Y, to hold cotton-waste and oil. A small orifice opens from eachl oilcavityto the roller-journal within. The oilcavities are closed by corks or stoppers fn a', so that no escape of oil takes place except to thejournals, and there only as fast as needed.

Each of these oil-cavities may contain oil enough to last a month, and no waste of o il result from the large supply. Thus great convenience and economy are effected from this construction. i

Theprineiples and construction of this machine, besides the purpose of making bricks,

are-also equally applicable to molding peat and coal-dust for fuel, and likewise in proper size and form of molds, to molding linseedcakes, soap, sugar, and other substances of plastic consistency requiring to be molded into forms for use.

What we claim as our invention, and dcsire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the horizontal pngmillA and pug-mill shaft B, the mold-wheel (l, on a horizontal shaft, andthe delivery-belt E, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

2. The combination of the drivingshaft F, with the pug-mill shaft B and mold-wheel C, substantially as herein specified.

3. The interior gearf on the mold-wheel C, in combination with the pinion'g, shaft h, and driving-pulley i of the delivering belt, substantially as herein specified.

4. The outer carrying-pulley k of the delivering-belt, providedwith screw-shank bearings l l, tightened by adjusting-nuts, in combination with the sustaining-post H, substantially as herein specified.

5. The combination of the clay-forcing screw I, on the pug-mill shaft B, with the moldwheel C, when the said screw is arranged to turn in immediate vicinity to the face of the mold-wheel, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

6. The combination of a block, n, provided with an oil-cavity and adjusting-screw, 0, with the shafts B and I) of the png-mill and moldwheel. arranged in the bearing, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

7. The cam -track K, constructed with a gradually-retreating-surface, r, incombination with the followers J J, pug-mill A, and screw I, arranged so as to cause the followers to come iiush or nearly so with the surface of the mold-wheel when they are first brought oppo site to the pug-mill, and then to gradually recede into the molds ,only as fast as the clay fills the molds, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

8. The movable brick-pressing cam M, having adjusting-screws ss cast therewith, and provided with double nuts t t,supporting and adjusting the cam, Asubstantiallyr as herein specified.

9. The adjustable pressure-piece N, attached to the upper end of the cam M, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

10. The friction-rollers P, provided with non-revolving pivots u u, adjustable laterally and endwise, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

11. The combination ofthe pressure-block Q and surplusclay cut-ott and final pressureblock R, arranged with an intermediate surplus-clay outlet,f, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

12. The cam S, for expelling'the bricks from the molds, constructed to form a part or projection of the bearing-cap T of the mold-wheel shaft, substantially as herein specified.

13. The molds a u, arranged obliquel-y to the radii of the vertical mold wheel G, substantially as described, iu combination with the horizontal delivering-belt E, for the purpose herein specied.-

14. The movable piece U, on the cam S, forl throwing out the followers J J to be oiled, sub'- p stantially as herein specified.

15. The oil-box V and oilng-brush W, at the bottom thereof, in combination with the followers J J, forthe purpose herein specified.

16. The series of perforated oil-delivering screws `la k k in the oil-box V, constructed and operating substantiallyas herein specified.

17. The belt-support V, either acting` also as an oil-box or not, in combination with the delivering-belt E, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

- 18. The sliding` roller-bearings Y Y, and adjusting-screws Z l', arranged as described, in` combination with the follower J, substantially as herein specified.

EMERY R. GARD. WALTER E. GARD.

Witnesses: ,v p ORLANDO P. SMITH, j JOHN B. LEWIS.

Images