US1718934A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

July 2, 1929. E. T. ADAMS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 16, 1924 -12 I 710072 ion "u Uv m p. a n mm M a d lit l n'tenteid duly it, ltd, I

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My invention relates to improvements in l have found it advantageous to employ internal combustion engines, The object is a heating element, as at 1?, in close pron to provide improved means for forming and imity to the point of fuel introduction. introducing enpansible charges into the pow- @ther substantially equivalent means may be 5 er cylinder of internal combustion engines, employed for heating the air near the fuel especially those using the heavier grades of inlet, liquid fuel; improved means for creating its shown in the drawings, lE igs. l and 8,

and maintaining a body of air under presthe cylinder head is preferably formed so sure and for delivering said air under presas to concentrate the air near the top can to sure to the power cylinder, at the end of the ter thereof, which is in the region of the power stroke, in order to secure improved entry of the fuel into the cylinder, and so as scavenging eiiiciency; an improved power that the top of piston is remote from. piston combined with an air compressing said fuel inlet, in order to minimize the blast piston adapted to be withdrawn, as a whole, action on the top of the piston, llt will it from the underside of the cylinder; and imalso be noted that a portion of the piston proved arrangement of piston, connecting comes up close to the outer part of the head, to red, cylinder and supporting frame and relaso that approximately fifty percent of the tive proportioning and arrangement of said piston diameter has a close clearance with elements to facilitate assembling and disasthe head. This arrangement causes a blow-- 20 sembling with a minimum of time and exing action both before and after dead cenpense; an improved combination of primary ter, and a concentration of the oxygen supcombustion chamber and power cylinder and ply at the top center, which facilitates the cylinder head, and improved means for asmixture of air and fuel and causes a very sembling the same to secure eiticiency and favorable action on the burning. The conaccessibility at a minimum of cost. verily curved head and face of piston 23 is The invention also includes details in imof further advantage in directing the scavengso provements in construction and arran ement. ing air charge upwardly toward the primary Referring to the drawings, whic illuscombustion chamber 15, and thus insures that trate merely by way of example, a suitable a fresh supply-of paygen displaces the dead an embodiment of my invention exhaust ases therein.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section. The e ement 14% is maintained in gas and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 liquid-tight seal with the casting t by means of Fig. 1. of the block 18 and bolts 19. These bolts 19 Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section comprise long studs rooted deep into the main 35 showing the piston close to the cylinder end. casting 4, so that the expansion of the studs 1 Similar numerals refer to similar parts and of the primary combustion chamber shall throughout the several views. a be approximately the same. It will be noted Referring "to Fig. 1, the casting or forthat the bolts 19 have a slight clearance as mation 4 includes the water jacket 5 and the at 20 through a substantial portion of castio power cylinder 6. Casting or formation 7 ing 4, and are then threaded, as at 20, into includes the air compression cylinder 8, the the said casting. 5 air receivingchamber or reservoir 9 and the The piston member 22, comprises the powcrank case 10. This casting or formation 7' er piston 23, operating in the power cylinrests upon the supporting base 11, secured der 6, and the enlarged or stepped portion 4 to suitable foundations such as 12. The for- 24:, operating in the air compression cylinmation or casting? issecured to thebase der 8. The air compression cylinder 8 is" 11 in any suitable way, such as by the bolts 13. provided with the air intake port 27 and The upper end of formation 4 is recessed the air dlscharge port 28; port 27 is conthrough the top to receive the element 14:, nected wlth the space 29, controlled by the 50 which provides the primary combustion air intake valve 30, and port 28 is connected chamber 15, and the channels or passages with the space 31, controlled by the air, dis- 1'05 16 discharging therefrom the cylinder 6. Incharge valve 32. These intake and discharge to chamber 15 a spray nozzle, such as 17, valves comprise thin metal plates, one opendelivers the preferably atomized liquid fuel. ing inwardly to cylinder 8, and the other air. reservoir 9 is provided with the large port 37 normally closed by the cover plate 38, as shown. The chamber 39 is provided with the large port 40, having the cover plate 41, spaced slightly away from the walls or margins of opening 40, to form a mufiler for the inrushing air to valve 30.

The piston formation 24 also serves 1n the nature of a cross-head.

Theconnecting rod 25 is connected at the lowermost part of piston formation 24, as at at 26.

The lower end of connecting rod 25 is connected to the crank 42 on shaft 43 provided with the counterbalance 44.

The lower part of frame 7, formmg'the crank case, has its side openings closed by the plates 45, bolted thereto. It w ll be noted that the various parts are proportioned relatively-so that the skirt of the piston,24 shall not strike the counterbalance 44, and so that the foot 46 of the connecting rod 25, shall not strike the base of formation 7. It is also to be noted that the piston pin is placed so low that the connecting rod can swing to a very wide angle; and the length of the p ston 23, which accommodates the upper plstonrings 48, is kept down to the smallest safe figure, in order to keep the whole piston short.

By the above arrangement the parts are readily removable as follows:

The element 14'may be removed from the top of the casting or formation 4, by releasing the bolts 19. This gives access into cylinder 6. An eye-bolt, such as 49, is screwed into the top of the piston 23. A line is connected to this eye-bolt to take the weight of the-piston and connecting rod 25. The connecting rod 25 is then disconnected at the top of the crank pin box, as at 50. The piston is then lowered by means of the line secured thereto, and, it may be pulled out through one of the openings, normally covered by a plate 45, by pulling on the connecting rod 25 as the piston is being lowered through the cylinder 8.

In replacing the piston and other parts, the reversed process is followed, with the exception, thatthe plates 38 and 41 and valve plates 30 and 32, are first removed, in order to give access to piston 23, andt-he piston rings 48, through openings 27 and 28, so that the rin s may be pressed back into their grooves, as t e piston moves back into cylinder 6. This method of securing access to the piston rings 48, is considered important since otherwise it would be diflicult to introduce piston 23 into cylinder 6. It will be noted that the lower part of the upper cylinder 6 is bevelled, as at 51, in order to facilitate the entry of the rings 48. y

In operation:

The method and means for the introduction of combustible charges are preferably in accordance with the general principles described in my co-pending applications as follows Internal combustion engine, filed Oct. 26, 1920; Serial No. 419,698

Internal combustion engine, filed Nov. 3, 1921; Serial No. 512,518

Internal combustion engine, filed Mar. 15, 1923; Serial No; 625,185, now Patent No. 1,678,897, July 31, 1928.

In accordance with this general or underlying principle, two zones are formed within the combustion space or spaces: one in which the fuel is more concentrated and not so readily combustible, and one in which the fuel is less concentrated and therefore more readily combustible, whereby the combustion in the less concentrated zone is utilized to cause the complete mixture of the fuel and air in the clearance and the clean burning of the same. The complete combustion is greatly facilitated by the partly recessed or offset cylinder end and the surrounding part closeclearance of the piston, which causes a concentration of air and a blowing action as above described.

The method and combination of means for scavenging the power cylinder, in accordance with the present disclosure, are believed to be new, as follows: The stepped piston 24 compresses the air in the compression cylinder 8 and theair reservoir 9. The compressed air is delivered into the cylinder 6 through the upwardly inclined channels 33 and ports 34, upon the opening of said ports, by piston 23 at or near the end of its power stroke. There is only a single row of these air inlet ports 34, but the upward direction of their discharge serves to ensure distribution of fresh scavenging air to all parts of the cylinder, and this without any deflector on the top of the piston. In other words, by the high pressure air delivered from the reser- Voir 9, through the sharp upwardly inclined channels and ports 33, 34, even with a substantially flat top piston, as shown, the scavenging is more efficient than by means of the double row of inlet ports or the deflector provided on the piston top, as now commonly used.

lVhat I claim is 1. In an oil engine, the combination of a power cylinder, an air compression cylinder with a piston common to said cylinders, said piston-having a substantially symmetrical, convexly curved face at one end thereof,

means forming a plurality of annularly disposed passages adapted to deliver the compressed air into said power cylinder, the ad- 7 der and said reservoir and means forming curved, means forming a reservoir for compressed air around said air compression cylinder, means, forming air passages between said reservoir and said power cylinder, theadmission of air to said power cylinder being controlled solely by said piston, means including said air passages and said curved piston face, adapted to direct said air at a substantial angle, outwardly toward the head of said power cylinder, and further adapted to effect an auxiliary scavenging action in a portion of the combustion space, near one end of the piston stroke. 7

3. In an oil engine, the combination of a power cylinder, a primary combustion chamher in connection therewith, and an air compression cylinder, a pistonhaving a portion adapted to operate in said power cylinder and a portion adapted to operate in said air compression cylinder, means connected for driving the piston entirely through its compressor portion, whereby said portion is adapted to serve as a crosshead; the power faceof said piston being substantially symmetrical and convexly curved, and adapted thereby to direct compressed air toward said primary combustion chamber, a compressed air reservoir around said air cylinder, a non-return valve operatlve between said air compression cylinchannels adapted to deliver compressed air from sald reservo1rtoward said primary combustion chamber and against said curved piston face, the admission of said compressed air into said power cylinder being controlled solely by said piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a power cylinder, a primary combustion chamber connected thereto, a piston in said cylinder, means for supplying scavenging air to said cylinder, the admission of air being entirely controlled by said piston, the head of said piston being characterized by a smooth, uniformly convex surface, means including the piston head and co-acting with said air supply means, to direct the scavenging air toward said primary combustion chamber near bottom center position of the piston, said means being further adapted to co-act with the cylinder head and primary combustion chamber to cause a blowing action before and after top center position of the piston.

5; In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a power cylinder, a primary combustion chamber connected thereto by a plurality of restrictedpassages, an air compression cylinder, a step piston operating in said cylinders, a compressed air reservoir around said air cylinder, means forming air passages between said air cylinder and the power cylinder, having a trend distinctly toward the primary co'mbustionchamber; the admission of air from said passages into said power cylinder being entirely controlled by said piston, the power face of said piston being symmetrically, convexly curved; means including the curved piston face, and head portion of the power cylinder for directing the air from said passages toward said primary combustion chamber, and adapted to coact' with the cylinder head and primary combustion chamber to cause a blowin action through said restricted passages, be ore and after top center position of the piston.

A EDWARD T. ADAMS.

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