US1709370A - Appabatus fob distillation - Google Patents

Description

April 16, 1929. E. PlRoN ET AL 1,709,370

APPARATUS FOR DISTILLATION Filed April 4. 419212 2 Sheets-Sheet l` www 2 @j 4 Attorneys 2 sheets-shea mus-2:.

April 16, 1929.

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` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMIL PIRON, OF NEW YORK, AND VlRGINIUS CARACRIST, OF BROXVILLE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO PIRON COAL DISTILLATKION SYSTEMS, IN C., OFNEW YORK,

N. Y., A conroRATIoN or DELAWARE.

APPARATUS FOR IDIS'JIILIT'JI0N.`

Application filed April 4l,

Our present invention relates to apparatus for distillation in which the material to be distilled is subjected to heat in a distillation chamber` to drive off the gases therefrom, and will be bestunderstood' from the following description'and the appended drawings, in Which Figure l is a vertical section of one form of our invention; Fig. 2 is a section of Fig. 1 on the line 2 2, looking in thedirec- `tion of the arrows, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a modification.

Like reference characters indicate in the several views.` p

In the illustrative arrangement shown `in Figs. 1 and 2, the distillation chamber 1()y is provided with a receptacle containing a bath 11 of any suitable molten material. We have found` the metal lead suitable forour purpose, but it will be understood that any other easily fusible material may be used, if it does not volatilize at? the distillation temperature and conducts heat readily. At one end of the chamber is provided a hopper 12 by which the material vto be distilled, such as coal -or the like,may be fed, preferably in a relatively thin layer, to the surfaceof the bath 11. At the opposite end of the chamber 10 is a dislike parts i charge chute 13 and in the roof of the chamber is a gas outlet 14. The side walls 15, 1G of the chamber 10 are carrieddown below the surface of the bath 11, the bath.receptacle extending outside o-f these side walls. as shown best'inFig. 2. Adjacent these side walls is a plurality of chambers, the chambers 17 being combustion chambers and the chambers exhaust chambers.

Extending `through thel bath is a plurality of tubes 19 which have upturned ends entering` respectively the chambers 1'? and 1S` The side walls 1.5, 16 are provided twith openings through which the tubes 19 pass, these side walls.being-continued down between the tubes i to hold them imposition. `The upturued ends project above the surface4 of the bath 11. The inlets 2O connected to burners supplying a. combustible mixture of air and gas (not shown) lead into the combustion chambers 17A and the chambers 18 Vare connected through 1922. serial No. 549,394.

the ugas exits 21 with a stack or other suitable means to dispose of burnt gases. l

ln the form illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, a means to forward the material received from the` chute 12 is provided in the form of a number of chains 22 which passfover suitable pulleys on the shafts 23 and 24- at opposite ends ofthe distillation chamber. Idlers 25 may be conveniently provided to support-the chain at the right-hand end of Fig. 1. The shaft 23, and therefore the chains L22,1is given astep-by-step motion through an eccentric 26` on a shaft 27 and a connecting` rod 28 actuati ing a ratchet- 29, the shaft 27 `being turned from any suitable source of power. `The ro-` tation of the shaft 23 will move the chains 22 so aste carrythe lower run thereof to the right of Fig. 1. provided.` with toothed portionsto feed the material from the hopper 12to the surface of the bath. i

ljvlhen the apparatus just described is used for the distillationof coal, combustible gases are passed from the inlets 20 into the combustion chambers 17 where they are ignited` and from whence they `pass through the heating tubes 1), the burnt gases therefrom passing out through the gas outlets 21.A The heat from these burnt ga is `transmitted through the walls of the tubes 19 directly to the Vma-` ferial of the bath 11 to n'lainlain it in a molten comlitiou, and tesupply heatto the material 'to be distilled. The coal passes from the Theshaft ,23 may7 also be.

hop'ier l2-by the rotation of the shaft 23 and is spread over the surfaceof the bath in a relatively thinylayer, and, by` engagement with the links of the chains 22, the coalis carried along the surface ofthe bath on which the coal will float, receiving heat directly from the material of thebath. The gases driven oil from the coal pass out of the gas outlet 14 and by the time thecoal reaches the`right-hand end of the chamber 10, Ait is reduced to coke which passes up over `the plates 10l and into the chute 13.' If` desired, devicesmay be "supplied at the righthand end of thc chains 22 which will remove the coke which may adhere to the chains.

lf lead be usedfor the bath and the chains are made of iron or steel, the run of the chain Y adjacentthe bath will float on the surface thereof so'as to extend up into the mass of coal, and, by reason of the plasticity of the coal as it is being 4coked, the coal will'be engaged by the chains and moved therewith. Instead of moving the shaft 23 intermittently, it may be turned continuously and obviously `many otherforms of feeding devices may be used.. instead ofthat illustrated. I

' By heating the bath internally, as by the tubes 19, the heat for the'distillation will not be obliged to pass throughthe refractory material forming the receptacle `for the bath, so that the life of the refractoryr material will be prolonged. Moreover, the heat will be supplied very close to the point at which it `is used inthe distillation, so that losses will be decreased. Because the receptacle for the bath is comparatively (cool, any cracks which may be formed therein will be sealed by the molten material whichwill enter these cracks and be cooled as it passes away from. the bath. By arranging the tubes in the manner described,`it will be obvious that no means for attaching them ,in position is required, and

j that there is no possibility of leaks of the gas plates `of the chain will float thereon, so that used. in the heating, the liquid of the bath forming a seal around the tubes.

In.l Fig. 3, we have showna modification in which the material to be distilled is forwarded along the surface of the bath by a chain made up of plates 30 which form a continuous support or platform for the material, thematerial'being .fed from theyhopper l2 to this continuous platform. If the material of the bath be lead, for instance, the

the coal doesnot contact directly withl the lead. The chainpasses around sprockets on the shafts'll, 32, the sprocket 3l being actuated by any suitable mechanism either continuously or intermittently, as, for example, by mechanism indicated in Fig. 1 for driving rshaft.. :[nthel form illustrated, the chain,

the receptacle for the bath on the return run.

In the distillation of certain materials, such as some grades ofcoal, the coal becomes sulhciently plastic to adhere Yto `the walls of the distillation chamber'if the coal contacts therewith. Such contactwould be prevented by distributing the coal on the center of the bath only, but to insure that it will not spread Y out and be brought into contact with the side walls 15, 16, we may provide at the sides of the hopper l2' in `either one of the illustrated embodiments of the invention, supplemental hoppers 33, 34, through which will be fed a material which will not be sticky at the temperature of the bath, such, for instance, as coke. When these supplemental hoppers are used, a layer of such material will be supplied to either side of the bath between the side walls l5, 16 and the `layer of material being distilled, and this additional material will be carried through the bath in the same manner as the material being distilled to form a protective zone, as it were, to prevent the material being distilled from coming into contact with the side walls. j i being distilled is 'coal and the additional Inaterial is coke, then the entire mass may be delivered into the commonV chute .If a material is used which is to kept separate from the products produced by the ldistillation, then the chute 1.3 would be divided so as to provide separate parts, each to receive one kind of material. j

lWhile we have shown illustrative forms of our invention, it will' be understood thatithe embodiment of the same may be widely varied.

l. A distillation'apparatus for solid materials comprising a distillation chamber, a bath of molten material in said chamber, means to feed thematerial to be distilled to a point adjacent the'surface of the bath at one end thereof, means to forward the material above and adjacent the surface of the bath, and heating means for the bath located in the molten material,said heating' means comprising a tube with upturned ends, the main body of the tube extending through the bath and crosswise of the direction of travel of said forwarding means and beneath the surface thereof and the upturned ends projecting above the surfaceof the bath.

2. A' distillationapparatus for solid materials comprising a distillation chamber, a

bath of molten material in said chamber, means to feed the material to be distilled to apoint adjacent the surface of the bath at one end thereof, means to forward the material above and adjacent the surface of the bath, heating means for Vthe bath located in the molten` material, said distillation chamber having 'side walls extending below the If the material surface ofthe bath and said heating means comprising a tube with npturned ends, with the main body of the'tube extending through 1 the bath and beneath the said side walls and the upturned ends projecting above the surface of the bath outside the distillation chamber, kand means for supplying combustible `gases to one'` of said'upturned ends. j

3. A. distillation apparatus for solid ma` terials comprising a distillation chamber, a

"bath-ofmolten material in said chamber,

CII

means to feed the material to be distilled to a point adjacent thesurface of the bath at one `end thereof, and an endless flexible forwarding device 4having a specific 4gravity less than that of thematerial of the bath and having a portion of its run arranged to float on the bath, to forward the material to be distilled parallel to the surface of the bath.

4. A distillation apparatus `for solid materials ,comprising a distillation chamber, a bath of molten material in said chamber, means to feed the material to be distilled to a point adjacent the surface of the bath at one end thereof, and an endless, flexible, mov ing platform of ointed plates having a specitic gravity less than that of the material of the bath and adapted to transmit the heat of the bath to the material to be distilled, said platform having a portion of its run arranged to float on the bath and to forward the material to be distilled parallel to the surface of the bath.

5. A distillation apparatus for solid materials comprising a distillation chamber, a bath of molten material insaid chamber, an endless, flexible, moving platform of jointed heat-transmitting plates having a specific gravity less than that of the material of the bath and having a portion of its run floating on the surface of the bath with the tops of the plates above and adjacent to the surface of the bath, and means to feed the material to be distilled to the top of the plates at one end of t-he bath, whereby such materials are supported out of contact with the material of the bath and carried parallel to the surface thereof while being distilled.

G. A distillation apparatus having'a bath of molten material, and heating means for the bath located within the bath, said heating means comprising a combustion chamber, au

exhaust chamber and a tube with upturned ends extending beneath the surface of the bath` and having its ends `extending loosely into said combustion and exhaust chambers.

7. A distillation apparatus having a bath of molten material, heating means for the bath located within the bath, said heating means comprising a combustion chamber and a tube with upturned ends, the main portion of the tube being located beneath the surface of the bath and substantially parallel `with the same and the ends extending above said surface, and means for supplying con'ibnstible gases through the combustion chamber to one of the upturned ends, said end of the tube extending loosely into said combustion chamber. i

A distillation apparatus comprising a bath of molten material, a distillation chamber having walls extending below the surface of the bath and removed from the edges thereof, heating means for the bath, comprising a. tubehaving upturned ends,with'the main portion ofthe tube extending through the bath and beneath said walls and with the upturned Aends outside the` distillation chamberand vabove `the surface of the bath, and means for supplying combustible gases to one of the upturned ends.` g

9. A distillation apparatuscomprisingla bath of molten material, a distillation chamber having walls extending below the surface of the bath and removed from the edges thereof, a combustion chamber and an exhaust chamber at opposite sides of the distillation chamber and outside the walls thereof, a tube having upturned ends, with the main portion of the tube extending through the bath and beneath said walls and with the upturned ends extending above the surface of the bath, one of said ends communicating with the combustion chamber and the other with the exhaust chamber, and means for supplying combustible gases to the heating chamber;

l0. A distillation apparatus for solid ma-` terials, comprising a distillation chamber, a

`bath of molten material in said chamber,

means to feed the material to bedistilled to a point adjacent the surface of the bath at one end thereof, means to forward the' ma-kv terial above and adjacent the surface of the bath, and means to maintain between the side walls of the chamber and the material to be distilled, a quantity of other material which is non-adherent to the side walls at the temperature of the bath.

11. A distillation apparatus for solid materials comprising a distillation chamber, a bath of molten material in said chamber, means to feed a layer of the material to be distilled to a point adjacent the surface of the bath at one end thereof and out of Contact with the side walls of the chamber, means to feed a layer of other material toa point adjacent the surface of thebath and between the side walls and the layer of material to be distilled, and means toforward both materials above and adjacent the surface of the bath, said other material being` non-adhering to the side walls at the temperature of the bath. A

` l2. A distillation apparatus for solid materials comprising a distillation chamber, a bath of molten material in said chamber, means to feed the material to be distilled to a point adjacent the surface of the bath at one end thereof, an endless flexible forwarding device having one portion of its run located above and adjacentthe surface of the bath and adapted to forward the materials to bedistilled parallel to the `surface of the bath and having its return run beneath the bat-h, and means to heat the bath, comprising tubes extending beneath the surface thereof at rightangles to the lineof travel of the conveyor.

13j A distillation `apparat-us for solid ma-V terials comprising a distillation chamber, a

`bath of molten material in said chamber,

means to feedthe material to be distilled to a vpontadjacent the surface ofthe bath at the bath and adapted to forward the materials to be distilled `parallel to the surface of the bath, rotary supports'for said conveyor at eitliel` end of the bath, and means pulling on thenon-1naterial-forwarding run of the conveyor to'move said conveyor.

EMIL PIRON.`

VIRGINIUS ZV. CARACRISTI.

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