US1797570A - Gas and oil burner - Google Patents

Description

March 24, 19341. w. FERGUSONl GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 24, 1931. w FERGUSON 1,797,570

GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 24, 1.931y

UNITED sTATus PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM FERGUSON, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL AIROIL BURNER COMPANY, INCORPORATED, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE GAS AND OIL BURNER Application filed February 5, 1929. Serial No. 337,570.

The invention relates to gas and oil burners.

The object is to provide a combination gas and oil burning unit, adapted to burn either oil, or gas, or both simultaneously.

The invention comprises means whereby the heat derived from the burning of either medium may be utilized for facilitating the combustion of the other medium, and Whereby the heat derived from the combustion of both mediums will facilitate the combustion of each medium.

The invention is especially applicable in the distillation of oil, in Which case the combustion of oil, is first used to heat the still and, When the still is on stream, the gas derived therefrom maybe ignited and burned and the combustion of oil may be discontinued, as long as the gas derived from the still is suiiicient to continue the distilling operation. Where the gas is insufficient, oil may also be burned to supplement the gas flame to secure or maintain the required temperature.

In other Words the fuel oil burner can be operated at the same time the gas burner is operated, depending upon the `quantity of each grade of fuel available.

The 'gas which is burned in this type of equipment, When used in connection With oil distillation, is a by-product from the various cracking processes used to manufacture a cracked gasoline from cheaper grades of petroleum fractions, such as the so-calledgas oils, fuel oil residue etc. The quantity of this gas available at the renery varies with the degree of cracking that the material undergoes, and with the origin of the crude.

This gas contains a high percentage of sulphur which, under high temperature, decomposes iron or brass into sulphites, thus resulting in clogging any small orifices through which it may pass. The use of a refractory burner tip has been found to be eective means for overcoming this action. Y

As the gas used in this improved burner is a by-product, the said device is adapted to operate with maximum economy and efciency.

The invention also comprises improvements in construction and arrangement.

Referring to the drawings, Which illustrate merely by Way of example, a suitable embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 1 is a vertical section. 1

Fig. 2 is an elevation of parts to the right of line 2, 3.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of parts to the left of the line 2, 3.

Fig. 4 is a sectional detail, on an enlarged scale, of the gas burner ring and tip.

Fig. 5 is a. front elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the oil burner tip.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary elevation of the gas ring.' Y

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

They oil burner element 6 is of standard type, With the addition of tip 7 with orifices 8, so arranged as to produce a hollow cone flame; the shape of` Whichflame corresponds approximately With the lia-re of passage 9l y of the refractory body or formation 10.v The passage 9 leards from the oil burnerto the combustion chamber 30. f

The burner element 6 is connected by pipe 11 with the oil supply, controlled by oil valve 12, and by the pipe 13 VWith steam supply, controlled by the steam valve 14; both valves 12 `and 14 are provided With indicati ing scales 15 and 1G, as shown. The oil burning'unit is supported by the pipes 11 and 13, which in turn are supported in the frame structure 17 Within the cylindrical body 18 of the air valve 19. The cylinder 18is slidably supported in the cylindrical formation or bracket 20, forming part of the front casting 21 of the furnace. The frame structure 17 is secured in stationary relationship with the stationary pipes 11 and 13 crby other suitable means. Y v y The valve 19 is secured to one endy of cylinder 18, to the other end of Which cylinder` is secured the head or hand piece 23 for manual operation, so that the cylinder 18 may be moved horizontally to, bring the valve 19 into and out-of position shown by the dotted line, to close or open the flaring opening 24 in the refractory formation 10,V by Which means the amount of air delivered from chamber 25 to the oil burner may be regulated, thus supplying the various quantities of combustion air required at different capacities.

The gas ring 26 s supported on the four one inch pipes 27, slidably mounted in collared formations 28 of the front casting 21. One or more of these pipes, preferably two oppositely disposed pipes, may be connected with the gas header 29. This gas ring is circular in form, and is provided, in its face toward 'the combustion chamber, with a plu-l rality of orifices, in which are provided Yorificed tips 86 of refractory material. These burner tips are closely and equally spaced around the ring 2G, uand :registerwith the annular channel or space 31 formed between the cylindrical` body'lO of refractory' material andthe surrounding concentric body or cylinder 82 of refractory vinaterial. The object of the large inurn'ber of gas jets is in accordance with the Vaccepted practice that gas, to be burned quickly and eiciently, must Y'be broken up into va large number of line streams so that intima-te contact and entrainment between gas and :combustion air is possible. Y

-The annular channel 131, Which alc delivers to the combustion chamber, is slightly tapering, as'for example, it may measure about two and one-half inches at-the receiving wor gas ring end, and about vtwo inches at the discharge or combustion chamber e The two bodies 10 and A32 are lspaced -a-part by tthe spacing blocks 33 seated `in oppositely disposed recesses in said bodies. The outer body 32 issupported inthe surround-ing mason Work forming a Wall of the combustion chamber. n y n An adjustable natural draft air door is provided in the lower partofcasting 21 for admitting vrair 'to 'chamber 25.

It Wil-l be noted that .the @innerformation lor body 10 of refractory material forms av venturi, that is, a passage flaring at each-end and having a contracted Ithroa't between the two ends. 1

An import-mt featureoffthe design .is that the casting supporting the bur-ner parts of `the unit, is largely protected from .the l.radiant heat of the furnace by the refractory blocks interposed between Ait and the furnace 'and any slight heating that may take place is `to a substantialeXtent compensated for by the'combustion lair passing across it.

In operation:

The oil burner is usually "operated '.iirst, until `the device lis `on stream .and gas is generated 'in the still. This gas is delivered 'to the gas ring and the `vgas burner is then brought into operation.

lf the amount oif vgas supplied Ais suiiicient to maintain the required' temperature, then 'the-oil burner may be shut off.

The jets vof gas are directed through zthe #channel 31., between the refractory :blocks .'10

and 32, andin ISio doing Athe mixture of gas and air is made more complete and ignition is secured by means of the refractory blocks radiating heat to the mixture.

Usually while burning gas, the damper disc or valve 19 is in the closing position and the air for combustion is supplied from chamber and drawn in by the inductive action of the gas projected vinto the annular channel 31 between the blocks 10 and 32. The distanceA of the gas tips 36 from channel 31 will Abe a factor in controlling said inductive action. In some .cases the valve 19 may be opened to admit some air through the passage 9, and

`thus change. the flame characteristic. This air is considered a secondary air and tends to increase -theluminosity of the burning gas and yconsequently the yheat radiating `properties.

Generally speaking, this burner Would not be considered a pre-mixing type, but strictly speaking, it is one, because the gas is supplied to the ring under a pressure of from '3 :to 15 pounds, and, issuing through the orifices, it has a velocity which'averages 800Yft. per-second, and the flan-1e, resulting from a mixture of is equal to 10% of the volume lof air, hasfa iame `propagation of 62 per second. It will therefore be evident lthat -the gas streams have severaltimes the velocity of the flame needed. Therefore, between the time that the gas leaves the burner tips and the time that it is ignited, it goes through a premixing period, thus no flare back can ccur.

.lisa result of this method of burning gas, a vbluish -fiaine is obtained., which corresponds very 'closely to the flame obtained with the ideal pre-mixing arrangement, or in some cases it may :be slightly tinged With red, and

if Aso desired, it ycan 'be made somewhat .fluminous by admitting'someair Lpast the damper 19 as previously stated. The xarmangement very flexible as regards :the flame `characteristics.

In order to secure the required capacit at thedesired pressure,ti:ps of dierentcapacity .are usedin the gas ring. For example, when it isdesired to Vburn 8000 zcu. Aft. of Ygas .per hour at 10 lbs. pressure l0 tips each :having a capacity lof 200 cu. ft. Vof gas per lhour .at 10 lbs. vpressure may be used, or where more rapid burningor oxidization ofthe -gas is desired, 531tirps, each having a capacity of approximately -150 cu. ft. per hour, a't 110 lbs. pressure, may be used.

rrs above sta-ted, the fuel oil burner-can be used atlthe same timeggas is used,.or separately, depending upon the quantityof eachgrade of fuel available.

' 1. Y lnagas and'oil burner.,"thecombination ofmeans forming acombustion chamberftwo concentric cylindrical refractory formations, .the inner formation supported in spaced "relationship l,within theoutercylindrica-l for-Ina- L tion and formin therewith an annular passage to the com ustion chamber, the inner formation providing a centrally located passage to the combustion chamber, an oil burner projecting into and delivering to the central passage, and a circular gas burner having a plurality of vents delivering to the annular passage,

2. In a gas and oil burner, the combination of means forming a combustion chamber, two concentric cylindrical refractory formations, the inner formation supported in spaced relationship within the outer cylindrical formation and forming therewith an annular passage to the combustion chamber, the inner formation providing a centrally located passage to the combustion chamber, an oil burner projecting into and delivering to the central passage, a circular gas burner having a plurality of vents delivering to the annular passage, and means associated with said passages for controlling the amounts of primary and secondary air for the gas combustion.

3. In a gas and oil burner, the combination of means forming a combustion chamber, two concentric cylindrical refractory formations, the outer formation supported in the wall of the combustion chamber, the inner formation supported, by parallel longitudinally extending spacing elements, in spaced relationship within the outer cylindrical formation and forming therewith an annular passage to the combustion chamber, the inner formation providing a centrally located passage to the combustion chamber, an oil burner projecting into and delivering to the central passage, and a circular gas burner delivering to the annular passage.

4. In a gas and oil burner, the combination of means forming a combustion chamber, two concentric cylindrical refractory formations, the inner formation supported in spaced relationship within 'the outer cylindrical formation and forming therewith an annular passage to the combustion chamber, the inner formation providing a centrally located passage to the combustion chamber, an oil burner projecting into and delivering to the central passage, a circular gas burner delivering to the annular passage, means for supplying air to said passages and adjustable means for the control thereof whereby the relation of the air supply through said passages may be changed as required.

5. In a gas and oil burner, the combination of means forming a combustion chamber, two concentric cylindrical refractory formations, the inner formation supported in spaced relationship within the outer cylindrical formation and forming therewith an annular passage to the combustion chamber, the inner formation providing a centrally located pas-V sage to the combustion chamber, an' oil burner projecting into and delivering to the central passage, a circular gas burner having a plurality of vents delivering to the annular passage, an air chamber in communication with ksaid passages, adjustable means for conrality of vents delivering to the annular passage, and means, comprsin interchangeable burner-tips for varying tIie capacity and pressure of the gas burner.

' 7 In a gas and oil burner, the combination of means forming a combustion chamber, two

concentric cylindrical refractory formations,

the inner formation supported in spaced relationship within the outer cylindrical formation and forming therewith an annular passage to the combustion chamber, the inner Y formation providing a centrally located passage to the combustion chamber, an oil burner projecting into and delivering to the centrall passage, a circular gas burner having a plurality of vents delivering to the annular passage, the oil burner provided with a burnertip having a beveled end and a circle of vents so directed as tosecure a hollow flaring discharge of atomized fuel. i

. WILLIAM FERGUSON.

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