US1796458A - Cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Description

J. K. HENcKi-:N 1,796,458

CLEANING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 12. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 17, '1931.

INVENTOR. MMK

ATTORNEYS.

March 17, 1.931. 1, K v HENCKEN 1,796,458

CLEANING APPARATUS Filled Nov. 12'. 1927 z's'neets-sheet 2 INVETOR.

M q 33 A TTRNEYS.

Patented VMar. 17, 1931 e PATENT OFFICE JOHN K. HENCKEN, F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK CLEANING APPARATUS Application filed November 12, 1927, Serial No. 232,744.

rlhis invention relates to cleaning apparatus particularly adapted to be used in removing from soaking drums the coke deposits that collect therein as the volatile constituents of the oil are driven off in accordance with certain well-known oil cracking processes.

Heretoore, vcoke has been removed from soaking drums by both manual and mechanical methods. 'In each case, unlimited haml@ mering is used to break up. the coke and remove the same from the inner wall of the drum. As a result of such unlimited hammering, the walls of the drums are often detrimentally affected, and in some cases the heads of the rivets, which are depended upon to maintain a tight joint v atv the overlapping margins of the circular metal plates forming the walls ofthe drums, are vsheared oifvor otherwise severed, with the result that the drums are rendered unfit for further use until repaired. Another objection to unlimited hammering, as heretofore carried out, resides in the fact that it makes impossible the use n of drum linings, such as would protect the walls of the drums against the chemical attack thereon ot vapors that are evolved during the cracking process, since such linings would break down, crumble, or otherwise become impaired under the impact of blows delivered thereto. In addition to the above objections, vthe methods heretofore employed 'have been slow, costly and generallyineiicient. The general object of this invention is to provide a new and improved means by which 33 the coke may be expeditiously removed from soaking drums without injuring' the walls thereof, and without removing a covering of coke, which may be letton the walls and serves y as a protective lining for the drums. Other objects and advantages` of the invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure 1 is a fragmental vertical sectional 15 view of a soaking drum, showing inelevation the machine embodying this invention;vFig ure 2 is a horizontalv sectional view taken on line 2 2 ofFigure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional j view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2'; and Fig- 59 ure 4l is a sectional view, showing in detail v31. of the turbine rotors.

means for radiallj7 adjusting the hammering unit.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates a soaking drum, the vertical wall of which is made up of one or more circular metal plates, having their overlapping margins secured together by a plurality of rivets 11, thus forming a tight joint. The lower` end i of the soaking drum is provided with the usual head 13, having an opening 14 formed therein and provided with a neck 15 through which access to the drum may be gained from the bottom thereof by removing the usual vcover plate, not shown, when it is desired to remove from the drum the .coke deposit 16 which forms therein during the process of driving oiiE the volatile constituents of the Voil according to certain well known methods.

The machine embodying this invention is so designed that it may be introduced into J' these turbines are connected to a common shaft 22, to which is secured a pair of discs 24 which are spaced apart a suflicient distance to receive therebetween a plurality of hammers 25 and 26, the hammers Q5 being rela tively short as compared with the hammers 26 for the reasons hereinafter more Vparticularly stated. The hammers 25 and 26 are pivotally connected at their inner ends to the discs 24 and are free to assume radial positions to `which they are swung by centrifugal action as the turbines 2G are operated.

Fluid pressure from a suitable source, not shown, is supplied to the turbines Q0 through an inlet conduit 27 and a pair of branch conduits 28, leading therefrom to inlet passages 29, formed in the housings of the turbines 2O and'communicating withnozzles 30, arranged to direct the i'luid pressure against the'buckets The spent fluid is discharged from the turbines 2O through branch outlets 32, connected to the turbine housings and communicating with a common discharge conduit 33. The conduits 2T and S3 are suitably strapped or otherwise cou pled together` and serve as a means tor supporting the hanunering unit 1T in various positions within the drum l() during the operation oi" such hammering unit. These conduits 2T and 33 are connected by yokes o5 to an adjustable lever 3o, pivotally connected intermediate a pair ot vertically disposed head plates 3T, carried by a removable head or coupling member 38, which is suitably connected to a rotatable, and vertically adjustable plunger fl. This plungn' 3) may extend down y'ard into a casing beneath the drinn 10, and is of such length that it may be elevated to such an extent as will raise the hammering units 17 to the uppermost end of: the. drum 10. Raising and lowering of the plunger 35) may be eti' cted by hydraulic pressure or by any other suitable means, not shown and said plunger may be so connected to a suitable source of power, not shown, as tocliect .rotation thereof, in either or both directions.

Adjustment ot' the hamn'iering unit SlT radially from the longitudinal axis of the drum l0 may be made .by an adjusting screw e0, rotatably mounted in gusset plates -fl-l. forming apart of thehead 38 and arranged in termediate the upwardly exten din g headplates 3T. This adjusting screw Lt() carries on ^its screw-threaded portion a follower El having pins ill which project `from its opposite sides and are adapted to operate within a pair ot notches 45, formed in the side memlfrers .fl-( ot a yoke, carried at the lower end ot' the adjustable lever 3G and straddling .the .tollower 43.

To the turbine housings. are piv'otally connected a pair ot adjustable arms l5, which. when extended shown in Figure 2, assume a slightly divcrging relation. The outer endsv o'l these arms 11.6 are cut away to receive a` pair of rollers 4.7. which. when the arms 4G are extended as shown in Figure E2, assume such positions that the cutting edges; oi the longer hammers 26 operate. in advance ot' the rollers, upon the coke to be removed. By this arrangement, the rollers 47 are adapted to engage the finished surface oi the lining (i8 of coke which is lett in the drum lll. and such rollers serve to limit the movement oi" the hanunering unit 17 away trom the longitudinal axis of thc drum 10. with the result that once the hammering unit 17 is adjusted so as to leave a lining on the wa'll of the drum of the desired thickness. such thickness may be uniformly maintained so long as such adjustmentis not disturbed and the rollers 4l' are permitted to remain in contact with the finished surface oi the lining 48 as tlielianu mei-ing unit 17 is lifted troni one position to another towards the top ot' the drum 10. The arms 46 are connected to a paii` of adjustable chains 50, which pass through a plurality of guides 51 secured to the housings of the turbines 20. A pair of hooks 52 may be secured to the inlet conduit 2T in position to engage the chains 50 and hold them in their adjusted positions.

To remove the coke deposit from av soaking drum by the machineembodying this inven tion, the closure, not shown, for the neck 15 ol the soaking drum is removed, and the .hammering unit 17, with only the shorter hammers attached to the discs 24, is so adjusted by the adjusting screw 40, as to assume a `position in alignn'ient with the opening 1%, whereupon the plunger 3f) is raised thereby lifting the hannnerin-g.unit intotho Rotation ot the hammers is .then effected by admitting fluid pressure vto the turbines 20. After suitable speed'ofithe hainmers has been attained. the hammering unit further lifted by raising the plunger 3S). During the time .the plunger is heilig lifted. it is also suitably rotated. As the hammering unit 17 is raised and rotated, the hammers 25 will eut ,a round cavity in the mass of coke, as indicated ,in vdotted lines at A. Aiter such cavity has been formed, the ,hainmer unit 17 is gradually moved away from the longitudinal axis ot the drum v10 by adjusting the screw 40, and the plunger 39 is `then gradually lowered. T his movement of the hammeringunit will enlarge 'the original cavity to the extent indicated in dotted lines at B. After this `larger cavity has been formed, the hammeringunit 17 `is .moved by the screw Lt() back towards the longitudinal axis `ot the drum 10, whereupon operation ot the turbines 2O androtation of the plunger 3S) are discontinued. lith the hannneringiunit 17 at rest. the plunger 39 is lowered through the neck 15, whereupon-the longer hammers 26 are attachedito the discs 24, and the arms 46, carrying .the rollers L17, are at- -taohedto the turbines Q0. The armsv t6 are then secured in their dotted line posit-ion by chains l50; andthe plunger is .again raised so as 4,to bring the hammering unit into the space provided within the .line B which is ample fto accommodate the :hannners 26 as their extreme yends describe the circle indicated'by the dot and dash linerC. Rotation ol the turbinesQO `then is resumed'by admitting Huid pressure thereto, and gradual .rotation of the plunger 39 is `also resumed. dVith the turbines Q0 operating and `with'the plunger 39 rotati11`1,'the'hammering unit 1T is elevatedfby theplunger 39,'and at the'same time adjusted outwardly from the longitudinal axis ofthe drum 10 to a predetermined extent, whereupon outward adjustment of the hammering unit is discontinued. The arms fl@ are then lowered to .their respective i tions, 4shown `in full lines ,in Figure 1, and

the upward yin'ovementot th'ehaminei-ing unit lll) is continued with the result that a cavity is formed as indicated at D. T his cavity is increased longitudinally of the drum l0 as the plunger 39 is gradually raised during rotation thereof and the operation of the turbines. By thus operating the turbines 2O and plunger 39, the entire coke deposit 16 may be removed from the drum 10 with the exception of the protective lining 48 which is allowed to remain undisturbed by the hammers 26, since they are maintained at a predetermined distance from the wall of the drum by the rollers 47 as they travel over the finished surface of the lining. The thickness of the lining 48 may be varied to any degree depending upon the extent to which the hammering unit 17 is adjusted away from the longitudinal axis of the drum l0 before the arms 46 are lowered to their full line positions shown in Figure l to bring their rollers 47 into contact with the finished cylindrical portion of the lining 48.

As the coke is broken out by the action of the hammering unit, it drops out of the drum through the neck l5 and may be carried away in any well known manner,

From the above, it will be appreciated that the machine embodying this invention may be employed to expeditiously remove the coke deposits from soaking drums and at the same time provide protective linings of undisturbed coke of any desired thickness sulicient to protect the walls of the drums from the chemical attack by vapors that are evolved during the driving out of volatile constituents of the oil, and also of suflicient thickness to protect the heads of the rivets 11 against the hammering action incident to the cleaning operation.

Vhile only one form of apparatus embodying this invention has been herein shown and described, it will be understood that various modifications and changes may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention, or the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is l. A head adapted to be mounted upon the vertically and rotatably movable plunger of a cleaning machine, comprising a hammering unit having a hammering element rotatable upon a horizontal axis and a motor driving the same, and means for adjustably supporting said hammering unit for movement toward and away from the axis of said plunger.

2. A head adapted to be mounted upon the vertically and rotatably movable plunger of a cleaning machine, comprising a hammering unit having a hammering element rotating upon a horiozntal axis and a motor driving the same, and pivotally mounted adjustable means for supporting said hammering unit for movement in a vertical plane passing through the axis of said plunger.

3. In a container cleaning` machine, a rotatable plunger, a head adapted to be mounted on said plunger and comprising a hammering unit including a hammer, means for movably connecting said unit to said plunger, means for moving said unit a predetermined distance towards or away from the inner wall of the container, and guide means adapted to cooperate with said unit and with the inner wall of the container for maintaining said unit at a predetermined distance from the wall of the container, whereby a predetermined thickness of material serving as a lining for the container may remain undisturbed while the remaining material is being removed from the wall of the container.

.4. A head adapted to be mounted upon the vertically and rotatably movable plunger of a cleaning machine, comprising a hammering unit including a rotatable hammering element and a motor driving the same, a coupling member adapted to be attached to said plunger, and adjustable means for pivotally supporting said hammering unit upon said coupling member, whereby said hammering unit may be moved toward and away from the axis of said plunger.

5. In a container cleaning machine, a rotatable and longitudinally adjustable plunger, a coupling member carried by said plunger, a power driven shaft, a hammer connected to said shaft, a motor connected to said shaft for driving the same together with said hammer, inlet and outlet conduits leading respectively to and from said motor. and adjustable means secured to said conduits and pivotally connected to said coupling member, whereby said motor together with said'shaft and said hammer may be moved toward and away from the axis of said plunger.

In testimony whereof, I have afiixed my signature to this specification.

JOHN K. HENCKEN.

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