US1789149A - Brass-melting furnace - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 13, 1931. A. w. MACHLET BRASS MELTING FURNACE Filed Aug. 2. 1927 Patented Jan. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT oil-FICE g ADoLrn w. MACHLET, or ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY BRASS-MELTVIN Gr FURNACE Application filed August 2, 1927. Serial No. 210,045.

5 isfactory brass castings, it is necessary to su Cil . that superheating of the brass in the metal perheat the melted brass to about 2100O or 2200o so that it can be poured satisfactorily, it has been customary to use furnaces in which are embedded crucibles or melting pots formed of a composition of graphite or clay. These materials are poor conductors, and the cost of fuel mounts very high.

In aiming to economize heat, it has been the practice to employ many different sizes and forms of pots, for melting dierent quantities of brass, always using the smallest possible Crucible for the work in hand. The

crucible tends to soften and soon perishes from exposure to the extreme heat.

f It is soughtby the present invention to effect improvements in the construction and mounting of the Crucible, to render it more efficient, to increase its durability, to facilitate the charging and discharging ofthe crucible, to facilitate, quicken and cheapen the melting of brass to bring the heat during the whole operation under more flexible and better control than has heretofore been found practicable, to make it practicable and ecov 5-3 -nomica-l to melt a small quantity in a large Crucible, and to overcome other diiiculties in brass melting.

If itis sought to melt the brass in an ordinary pot of metal, it is found that it cannot -withstand high heat as successfully as a graphite Crucible, and the danger is incurred pot would result in melting the metal pot itself. However, a metal pot or cruciblevisY a desideratum because of its high conductivity and economy in fuel. According to the present invention, the brass is melted and superheated with less than half the expenditure of fuel than is necessaryA when using a graphite Crucible. The diiliculty and danger of melting the metalpot may be avoided by employing for the pot a wrought iron tube having ends of recalcitrant material, and keeping the tube in slow revolution, so that it cannot become over-exposed to heat at any of the tube.

be made of considerable length 'in proportion to its diameter, whereby the-heat is utilized to the best advantage, inasmuch as a long thin body or heap of work-metal is more accessible to the heat and more readily melted, and a relatively long metal Crucible of relatively small diameter is more eiicient in melting the work-metal than is the standard relatively short metal pot of great diameter. The wrought iron tube has the advantage that it is not apt to amalgamate with vthe Copper or the zincof which the brass is formed.

The metal pot or Crucible is preferably given the form of a bottle, and can be mounted for tilting, and it can be rotated on its longitudinal axis, and gas llames may be arranged to play upon the bottle as it rotates. Then it may be turned upon its trunnio'ns to decant the melted brass 5 the Crucible or bottle being mounted in a gas-furnace to tiltV therewith, under the control of the operator. The wrought iron tube or the hereinf described bottle may survive about twice as many heatings as an ordinary graphite pot; and when worn out it may beireadily detached from its mountings vand Areplaced by a fresh bottle. Y

The same Crucible, because of lits constant revolution, may economically melt either a large or a small quantity of brass. The invention is veryflexible in meeting the different practical requirements, as compared with a graphite melting pot of standard manufacture.

lThe metal bottle is heated by means of a flame of mixed fuel-gas and compressed air, which is advantageously applied tothe top tial reduction in the cost of brass melting is effected, as compared with standard brassmelting practice.

The work may rest in the revolving crucible or bottle at a different portion thereof from the portion which is being exposed to the flame, the bottlebeing givena steady slow rotationnpon its longitudinal' axis, andi-the heat being applied at the upper portion of the bottle remote from the work therewithin. The metal -botle absorbs tholi'eat -veryread-V ily, and by reason of its revolutionitrsoon comes into contact with the worl; deposited; therein and melts the same. rIhus ,a metal Crucible may be employed in the form of a revolving :pot orbottle, `.having high de gree of-conductivity, ascompa-red with stand`- ard graphite crlucibles. l This economy is. rendered practicable by 'the rotation of the crucib-le'f since the flame A does not i-mpinge long' enough against-endpoint of`r the revolving bottle to-melt orisoften-the saine.v 'This sol-ves the problenrofsupplying hea-t to melt brass without meltingthe n ietalpot. `While the revolution of the Crucible prevents the same from being eXPQSedtol the .flame long, enough atany onepoint to injnrelit,-.still it absorbs as muchl hea-t as is required, and imparts saidheat to thobrass-worlr.

The wrought iron crucible may be preventedfrom internal oxidizing, and air or injurousgases cannot come in contact with the Work, because-the erucible is sealed. Internal pressure may be generated, which rwill raise" the boiling` ointof themeltinv brass-1 b b 7 Without raising the rmelting point thereof; that is,the pressure of the gas upon theworh willybesuch that the vaporizatiionl point of zinc will be raised.l The crucible is sealed its mouth so as to retain the volatilized zincv under pressure.

There' must be an element used in the furnace as part of a heat-regulating device, as the 'furnace must be guarded very carefully against overheating, which would result in the melting" ofthe pot. Theelement is put into the bottomV of the furnace below theretort avhere the flame cannot touch it. The differenceis very slight between the melting pointof he pot andthe-point to which the melted brass-has-tobe heated. Y The bottle has a closed bottom yfrom which extends al hub which-isi integral with' the ybody of the bottle and projects through the wall ofthe furnace;

Atathe other onda-the bottlev is reducedI in dia-meter and-formedfwith neck and mouth, the nefckextending through a hole inv the opposite Wall' of the furnace.-

It will be- .understood that the use of a metal pot for brass melting has not heretofore been found feasible, because they brass has to'bevsuperheated after'melting, and consequently the' metal-pot itself-Would be'ap't to softenendl melt from'V the 'heat theY melting point of the metal pot being only a trifle higher than the point to which it is necessary to superheat the melted brass. It is moreover impracticable to guard against overheating a metal por, under the circumstances. n addition, the metal of the pot wouldbe apt toY ainalg'amate with the brass, or` with oneV of the constitne'ns of; the brass; and the amalgamation of the pot with the brass would lower the melting point of the -pot itself, so-that melting of the material of the metal pot would be practically unavoidable.

have been overcomeby the present invention. Onefof the important lfeatures of the invention is the provision of means whereby the' 'metal pot or crucible can besafeguarded lost 'ibfy Aovidatiorr Aand evaporation. There is demand for aimelter inf-which there will be a reduction of the'y loss of `metal. in melting, the

percentageof-loss beingl veryhiglr according' toy previous practice. rllhisloss is .cut down substantially bythe present invention. This invention fkeeps the quality of the melted brass high. Parts 20- and' 26 may beA omitted in somel cases, vwithout departing 'from the invention.

@ther features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure-1 is-afsectionalelevation of ainelting Jfurnace taken longitudinally of the crucible.

Figure 2 is sectional view of the Cruciblebarrel.

The* scrap or metalto be melted isplaced' in abottlesshaped cru'cible l0.,- which may then be ini cumbent position. rThe Crucible is heated by means of -fopposite' burners l1, which Iburn ieonipressedandi gas, said burnersl opening.v into the top of a flamech-amber forming-.partof the furnace 18,- andthe Crucible ismouiiterl Eto revolve withfifnl said flamez-clramber,.thereby exposing alll portions ofl the' Crucible successively ltol the'v burners-g the capacity of the lameLchanrber being such that the crucible' .almost entirelyV fills the same g. the heavy' furnace-walls 14 of lirey brick or refractory material l5 serving to" confine the flameslto' the crucible, andY also lt Awill he perceivedthat these difficulties l The portion thereof that is pre-l ithe metal pot itself would the revolving Crucible by (which tends to form between the work and the Crucible) is much reduced compared with the melting point of the crucible alone, or as compared with the melting point of the work alone. In melting brass, it is necessary to ideal with the very metal (zinc) that tends readily to dissolve or amalgamate with other metals. With a Crucible made of wrought iron or low carbon steel, zinc will not readily combine or amalgamate, so that the ditliculty "is minimized or avoided by the use of wrought iron for the Crucible.

The use of an ordinaryalloy for the crucible would be found impracticable, because said alloy would be apt to amalgamate with the melting work. The melting point of the wrought iron Crucible is about 27000 or 28000, which is sufficiently high for practical purposes above the heat of 22000 to which the melted brass must be superheated before pouring. The melting point of brass is 19000, but the melted brass has to be superheated up to 21000, so that it can be poured successfully into moulds, because it is too sluggish for that purpose when it is barely melted. ASometimes the heat of the melted mass runs up to 22000, or within 5000 of melting the Crucible itself. The difference is'notgreat between the melting point of the Crucible and the highest point to which it is necessary to melt the brass in order to pour it. i .Y

It will be understood that the use of a metal pot for brass melting has not heretoforebeen found feasible, because the brass has to be superheat'ed after melting, and consequently A ybe aptk to soften and melt from the heat; the melting point of the metal pot being only a trifle higher than the point to which it is necessary to superheat the melted brass. It is moreover impracticable to guard against overheating a metal pot, under the Circumstances. In addition, the metal of the pot would be apt to amalgamate with the brass, or with one of the constituents of the brass; and the amalgamation Y "of the pot with the brass would lower the melting point of the pot itself, so that melting of the material of the metal pot would be practically unavoidable.

Heat Control is rendered feasible by continually revolving the Crucible, so thatthe portion thereof that is preheated by the flames is slowly brought into Contact with the brass, which is gradually melted and superheated.

Wrought iron has sufcient strength so that eighth of an inch in thickness.

when the bottle is raisedto the desired brassmelting heat, it will be self-supporting and maintain its form, and not be liable to soften so long as the bottle is revolving. This bottle is capable of use for over a hundred melting operations, as compared with about seventy for ordinary graphite crucibles. The metal has quite high conductivity, in that it readily absorbs the heat from the furnace, and readily imparts the same to the brass-work.

The rotation of the bottle prevents'the flame from overheating and softening and perhaps melting, all of which mightoccur if the bottle 'werekept stationary, especially if llames were applied to thetop thereof, asf

shown.

The wrought iron is made practically available by safeguarding it from the attack of the flames of the furnace by means of a tubular nickel jacket 16, which withstands prevents access of oxygen the high heat and tothe exterior ofthe heated Crucible, which, at the high heats employedvinthe melter, would cause the same to scale and become otherwise injured. The scale would tend to amalgamate with the furnacewall and effect Y substantial deterioration thereof. The crucible of wrought iron is then rendered prac'- ticable not only by heating it along one line.

or longitudinal portion and revolving it to melt the contained'metal, but also by providing the Crucible with a jacket of nickel or its equivalent. A tube of nickel or nickel alloy is a lgood conductor of heat, and 'it also excludes oxygen from attacking the exterior of the iron Crucible and destroying the same, and withstands high heat, and is otherwise saving of the ironbody of the retort; The

nickel tube wall 'need be only about one- The interiorjof the bottle becomes Coated with copper or brass, and does not scale.

The Crucible or body of thebottle is entirely within the flame-chamber 12 of the furnace, although it has ends 18, 19 that extend. beyond the walls of crucible-portionlO being between the projecting ends of the revolving bottle.

lNear one end the bottle is providedwith a partition 20.which forms the dead end or botto-m of the Crucible, and the barrelepor-` tion beyond the partition is filled with nonconducting or heat-resisting material 21.

.This projecting end 18 of the bottle isy provided with circumferentialgrooving 2 2, whereby itrides upon rolls 23 journaled upon the furnace end wall.

the furnace; the

At theY intake end, the` Crucible or bottle'V also projects from the furnace-walls at 19,

and outside of the furnace-walls it rests upon rolls 24-that are mounted upon the other furnace end wall. Y

The bottom 20 of the bottle may be made of wrought iron or equivalent heat-resisting metal, and may be welded, as indicated at130.-

25. 'A Wrought-iron -crucible is thus-made practicable,notwithstanding the high heats which are' employed. Toform ai shoulder in the-bottle,- there `is inserted in -the bottle a cone 26 made of Wroughtiron or its' equivalent,- W'hich is also Welded at'2'7`to the barrel. This cone or shoulder 26 may be steadied or supported by a Wrought ironrin'g 28 exterior thereto, which fits Within the contour of the 'bottle and is also Welded at'29 to theccne and may be Welded to the bottle.

The cruci-ble, ify desi-red, may be in the form of a steel casting-and the casting may include the inner or bottom end or partition,

the* neck Vand other parts. Wrought iron,

VVolving', Vthat is',- tof itilt the neck upandr the bottom clown. This makes it practicable V te increase the charge eimetal' being melted,

that iis, to increase theJ capacity ofthe crucible'. The furnace is sWiveled upon ho'ri` zontal trium-ien's 31, so vthat itm'ay assume an! inclined position, o-r 'some .cases a verti-` ealjer upstandi-ng position, while the' erw cible maystill be Heated-and also' eenti'nuecl `in revolution around its own' longitudinal Gif* when tei-ag' faisais-gea, mayV fue @ver sai-e a neck which is larger axis. The bottle' may be sW'ungto a vertica'l position, thereby stillfurther increasingits Capacity, because it Will Aretain more melten metalor Work When standing'upright than' When in a'cumbent position. It mayl be started horizontally, and afterwards tilted up' to standing position, While lstill more metal nis thrown in te loe melted.

The Crucible' may be closed at bothends so that the gas produced from the melting and i -vapo'riz'ation" of the Work iu the crucible- Will cause pressure, thereby raising the fusing point of the Work the ci-ucill'edrive- Wheel 32' for revolving the Crucible is fastened upo'n this projecting end 18. Y n Between the Wreught-iron shoulder of the bottleand theV end of the `bott'le',"the space 33' is occupied by a lillifng of plastic heat-resistingor refractory material 34, Which has a tapering bore 35, bei-ngv an outlet or forming at outer end, and having its inner end coincident With and merging into they beak or shoulder 30* of the Crucible; rhis lin-ing or' neck 34' of refractory material i's usedi so that 'the melted metal,

refractory material andhence Will notlse an undue amount of heat to the same, and

therefore Will not become chilled or frozen. That is, the melted metal, While running out,l is not apt to stick or adhere to the refractory material Which forms thel neck and mouth -endsegments 14 built upand an intermediate body 31 of insulating material, Which enclose the cylindrical body 38a ofthe furnace, also of refractory material, said segments surrounded by a heat-conserying covering 39' and by a metal sheathing 40. The sheathinglor insulation may be silocel or any high quality of heat-resisting material, and is confined Ybetween the metal ends 41, 42 of the furnace, Whichjis supportedA by its trunnins 31 upon a pair of uprights 43 betWeen Which the furnace is mounted, one of the tru'n'n'ions havinga segment 44 to mesh With an operating Worm 45', Whereby the furnace, together with the Crucible, is tilted.

The mixed gas and airv burners open into the Constricted ,flame-chamber 12 above the Crucible 10', Where they are upout of reach of any melted metal that might escape from the Crucible When old and Worn out, so that the burners cannot'become accidentally'lled' With melted metal. If the Crucible should at any time give out at any point,- the Whole thing can be tilted up, and injurious results minimized. A hole or drain can vbe made at 46 near the end of the flame-chamber`l12, so that, in case ofan accident, the melted metal escaping from the Crucible can vent doWn and out through the hole. The melting can be eected by other heating means.

The rear or bottom end of the bottle may' i be solid but preferably it has a centrallinlet 47 so that a central supply pipe'48 for gas may extend through the end .into the bottle, to supply it With gas for some' kinds of Work, the pipe having a Valve 49. v

This inlet for gas into the bottom of the bottle can be used in some cases. When melting some metals, it may be desirable to introduce gas into the Crucible, such as hydrogen or a compound of carbon or any gas, especially for its reducing enect, or for promoting the melting operation. Another advantage can begained by introducing inert gas x under pressure, and that is that the fusing l point of the Work-metals canl be' raised with-y outV unduly increasing the heat ofthe cruciof the Crucible, not even if the refractory Y material is cool.

ble. In many cases, 'this inlet 48 for gas AWould not be needed, but i-t may be of use 130" except perhaps in cases where it is necessary to tilt the-Crucible up to a vertical position.

The heated walls of the furnace radiate a certain quantity of heat to the crucible, but, the burners being placed over the top of the Crucible, it results that the top is always heated a little hotter than any other part of the crucible, but is kept always in rotation. None of the work-metal or contents -usually lies at the top of the Crucible, and hence there is nothing that would prevent the top from be- Coming highly heated, or even heated beyond the point required for melting the work, or perhaps softening or melting the bottle itself. That is, the crown is hottest. As the bottle revolves, the work-metal within the Crucible comesin Contact with the recently heated portion of the crucible, that is, when it reaches a bottom position, and thereby the Contents become heated and melted and no portion of the bottle is exposed to the flames for an undue period. The top of the Crucible picks up the greatest heat because there' is nothing in Contact therewith to conduct away the heat; but the heated top goes to the bottom during the revolution of the crucible,

and the contents then absorb the heat.

The bottle may be used vertically or cum-V bent. The burners 1l will work all right at the sides when the crucible is in vertical position, and the crucible-will still rotate. It is used most of the time in cumbent position.

There is aorded a proportionately long heating surface. If the scrap or work-metal is put into a standard crucible or melting pot, there is not afforded a maximum heating surface. In this novel proportionately long bottle, there is secured a quick result at greatly reduced Cost for-heating. The body of metal scrap is long and thin, so that it 1s Vsoon heated through, and it offers a great deal of surface for the heat to attack. Upon this principle the bottle is shaped, so that it is proportionately long, and the work-metal can be melted much quicker and with the use of less powerful burners than would be the case Y The bottle may have a vent or an outletv 55 for gas, provided with valve and box at 54, permitting thev bottle to be Closed up.

The invention is not limited to the use of flames for heating the Crucible, as it is well known practice to heat furnaces by electricity,

coal and oil, as well as gas.

Y ing liquid tight ,tion opening into a neck provided with a ,mouth,"a furnace Vhaving a heating chamber Variations may be resortedto within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

ll. A brass-melter including a metal bottle including a barrel-portion at one end, a furnace including end walls through which the ends of the bottle project, heating means Within the furnace, means for partitioning off the bottle from the projecting barrel-portion, said bottle having a shoulder at its other end, said shoulder having a neck mouth and forming one of the projecting ends, means supporting said projecting ends for rotation, and rotating means Connected to said bottle, said bottle being made of metal having substantially higher melting point than brass and not amalgamating with melted brass nor subject to scaling off where it is exposed to heat sufficient to melt'brass.

2. The combination of a crucible forming part of a-rotatable barrel, a furnace including end walls through which the ends of the bar-, rel project, heating means .within the furnace, means for partitioning olf the crucible from the projecting ends of the barrel, means supportiiigvsaid projecting ends for rotation, and

terminating in a v rotating means connected to said barrel, said Crucible being provided within said barrel with a neck terminating in a beak, said barrel having outside of said beak anl extension thereof formed of refractory plastic material,

a Cover for the end of the barrel, and'a plug., of refractory plastic material upon said cover and closing the extension of said beak, the

bore in said extension tapering from its outer end to its inner end.

3. A brass-melter including a shouldered v brass-melting bottle having a reduced neck terminating in a pouring mouth, and a fur nace having a heating Chamber in vwhich the bottle Vis mounted for rotation and for decanting, said bottle being formed of wrought iron and having aprotective casing of nickel sufcient to prevent the wrought iron from scaling when heated to the brass-melting point.

4. A brass-melter including'a brass-melting wrought-iron bottle jacketed with'heat-v resisting metal of higher melting point thanV brass and having high heat conductivity, the j acketing not being subject to scaling olf when exposed to brass-melting l1eat,'said bottle closed at one end and provided at the other i end with a shoulder ending in a neck V'provided Witli apouring mouth, and releasable means spacedfrom said shoulder for closing the mouth of the bottle. 1

5. In a brass-inciter, the combination of a metal tubular bottle of highheat conductivity, capable of melting brass without amalgamating with the elements thereof, said bottle beand having' a shoulderedfporalong the bottle atene side thereof, the WallsY in vhieh the bettle is .erm-need end through the ends Wheifeef the bettle nreieets fer netetion, and burnersv arranged inthe furnace i ofthe furnace closely conining the bottle at, other portions thereof, the burners operating elena the'teri et the bnttleyseidhettie beine ofgreat length in proportion to its diameter, and being made of metal having substantially ,higher melting point than brass and not sub- -ect to scalino E Where it is eX osed to heat I y mi, D l. i M v ,v

ein-enne@ 'n.the -fuinnee .elena -thebettle et. 20,(k

G- 1n e bmss-.melten the .Cembinetien ef. e deeantable metal bott-le having a high melting point and high heat Conduetivity, a metal ieehet pneteetine it. ittem high heat., n furnace having. a: heating chamber in vvhieh the' bettle. is. Vmfninted .fen net-.etiein end burnersY ene side then-eef., .seid bunnens arranged 0ppesitely in e. .deuble new extending filone the i top of the heating chamber of the furnace,

'for rotation and ldecanting, said bottle havine e ennuh-ier end'neeh'end peuiinemeuth proJecting. from th furnace, andmeans to protect the Wrougiitironbottle fromY attackl hy the heet ofthe t5 ,mese

means being a metal jacketioi` highy conductivity, end,` hevine e, hiehen melting Peintv then. brass. end'nO-t subieet tesenline eff. When exposed tobrass-melting heat.'

, 8. A brass-melter having in combination a metal brass-melting bottle elosledvat one end and lhaving a shoulder and a neck terminating in a pouring mouthatthe other end, and

a furnace having a elosed heating chamber in which the bottle is mounted or. rotation,

said chamber having m'eansfor supplyingf4 Y gas thereto, and a Y o ing a removable closure for its pouring.

vent, and said bottle havmonth seid Clesnre ennemi inem saisi -sheulder and exterior totheiurnaee, andsaid bot- Y tle made of metal having s l Josta-ntially higher melting peint then bress and net-nmeleemeting with melted brass non vsubject to yscaling off Where it is exposed to heatsuicient tonielt hiessbrass-melter having. in combination av liquid-tight metal bottle, and a urn ace. having e. heating Chembei1 in whieh the bettleie mountedv f0.1? etnteh, Seid betthe` being Whelconiined within the heating-chamber of the urnace and nneieet`^te.the.ends-ei the unneeeimeenssnp- Vpiiitine seid endeten tenet-innisaid'bettleend i sei-fil ,'rineteetine' iienmi having extendingv endsvvhich Ii inname seidends inthe fermA ein tube, end sadvbettle hevine' e, eheuldenneeh andinouthed p0rtien in` ene .enel Cf seid tube, en@ ineens Clesine" the @ther end et .said tube, seid bottle ferment Ci metal hei-vine substantially hielten melting point than brass and not amalgamatine With melte i brnss. ner subjeet te eenling off Where it is exposed to heat sufficient to melt brass.

l0z The eembinaton of e Crumble, n fur?. having e heating Chamber in Wheh the crucibleis mounted for rotation, said Crucible being Wholly eenhned. Within the heating chamber. of the furnace and having extending ends Wheh preieet .te the ends ef the fur-i nnee., said Crucible and saidends in the ferm of a barrel, the extension nfthe bmuel .from the dead end, 0r bottomv ofthe Crueible being illefl with heatfresistinematerial, a diskbf wrought iron being Welded .Within the bnrifel t0 form the bottemnn .Closed end 0f the crueible, and 21,- .COIlrSllit-ped bmlllus, Of Wrought iron .being Welded in. the..epp9ste end ,of the barrel to forni the neck, ofthe eru- .rotating means Connected t0 said, zbarrel., said Crucible being. provided- 1 within said barrel with, neeln terminating; in. abeahisad barrel having outsideof Sadfbeak 'extension thereof formed of nernetnrvplastie material, a @over for theend-Qf the barrehz. a plug4 of refractoryplnstic upon.A said .Cater andclosing the entensienbf saidhenk, the herein said extension tapering inem-imputer end to, itsinner end, snidharreh: Crucible end and. nechbenga single,,steel Casting., zii-.framework Qn the furnnee, trunniensiveherehv theY fuinaee smnunted unen thel r-nmeworh for swinging, andfmeehanism for swingingJ the iuineee unen said :tnnnnionsi said funneCe havine a mein thneue'h vhinhinined ,airand ses mesnpnlieel. unde pressure te said flame. chambenanl 'said main having a flexible contime'.y the.y fui'naee, te. .be tipped its tnminimisr 12a ln-,i brass-.melma the-Combinati@ Ct. e

ietttnble werk hemel, aiuinnee ineluding-f end, Wells. tht-euehwhieh the ends @fthe barnel .Pn-Cieee heating means Within the.: furnace, means for partitioning off the work Chamber imm the Pmieetine ends, ef the bmielgthe mein Vriniti iiWhere-et tennis n bottle. A

menne sunrentine seid. nneieetinefends fer rotation, and rotating means conneetiedto seid, barrel., seid tunneee-bedrfenned et. refeaCtenv-mnteiieinnd surneunfied; with end segments ef hmtznes.igslltiielef.-mtiteiiel,V endende@ lic end Walls confining said material and also` having a metallic tubular casing, the bottle being decantable together with the furnace,`

and having at one end a pouring mouth Within a projecting end of the barrel.

13. The combination Iof a Crucible, a furnace having a heating chamber in which the Crucible is mounted for rotation, said Crucible being Wholly confined Within the heating chamber of the furnace and having extend-y ing ends Which project to the ends of the furnace, sai-d Crucible and said ends in the form of a barrel, the extension of the barrel from the. dead end or bottom Aof the Crucible being filled With heat-resisting material, a disk of Wrought iron being Welded Within the barrel to form the bottom or closed end of the cru-y cible, and a cone-shaped annulus of Wrought` iron being Welded in the opposite endof the barrel to form the neck of the Crucible, and a Wrought iron ring tting Within the barrel and supporting the neck, the bottom or closed end of the Crucible having a central inlet for gas and a valve to control the gas.

14. In a brass-melter, the combination of a brass-melting bottle formed of highly conductive metal having a substantially higher melting point than brass, and capable yof being brought to brass-melting heat Without scaling or softening, a furnace having a heating chamber in which the bottle is mounted, the furnace and bottle being decantable, burners arranged in the furnace along the Y bottle at one side thereof, and means for rotating the bottle relatively to the burners, the bottle being closed at one end and having a shoulder, neck and pouring mouth at the other end, the Walls of the furnace closely confining the bottle at other portions thereof, the bottle being -detachably mounted Within the furnace so that When Worn out it may be removed for replacement, and a removable closure for the mouth of the bottle.

Y 15. The combination of a Crucible forming part of a rotatable barrel, a furnace including end Walls through which the ends of the barrel project, heating means Within the furnace, means for partitioning oft' the Crucible from the projecting ends of the barrel, means supporting said projecting ends for rotation, and rotating means kconnected to said barrel,

said Crucible being provided Within said -barrel with a neck terminating in a beak, said barrel having outside of said beak anextension thereof formed of refractory plastic material, a cover for the end of the barrel, and a plug of refractory plastic material upon said cover and closing the extension of said beak, the bore in said extension tapering from its outer end toits inner end, said Crucible having a vent for gas provided with a valve.

16. A brass-melter including a metal pot in the form of a bottle havingone end closed and the other end reduced for retaining the melted metal and provided With a pouring mouth at said reduced end, said bottle formed of metal of high heat conductivity, a furnace Y having' a heating chamber in Which the bottle is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis and independently of the chamber, and burners arranged in the furnace along the bottle at one side thereof, the Walls of the furnace closely confining the bottle at other portions thereof. f

17. A brass-melter having the Combination of a metal bottle closed at one end, said bottle being shouldered at the other end, the shoulder having a neck provided With a mouth, a furnace having a heating chamber in which the bottle is mounted for rotation, and burners arranged in the furnace along the bottle at one side thereof, the Walls of the furnace closely confining the bottle at other portions thereof, said bottle made of metal having substantially higher melting point than brass and not amalgamating with melted brass nor subject to scaling off Where it is exposed to heat sutlicient to melt brass.

18. A brass-melter including a metal pot in the form of abottle having Vone end Closed and theother end reduced for retaining the melted metal and provided With a pouring mouth at said reduced end, said bottle formed of metal of high heat conductivity, a furnace having a heating chamber in Which the bottle is mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis and independently of the chamber, and burners arranged in the furnace along the bottle at one `side thereof, the Walls of the furnace closely confining the bottle at other portions thereof, said closed end and said pouring end each extending from the furnace and each provided With substantial packing of non-conducting material, and each having means exterior to the furnace for supporting bottle mounted for decanting and closed atV one end and having a shoulder, neck and pourmg mouth at the other end, and a furnace having a heating chamber in Which the bot-v tle is arranged, said bottle being formed of Wrought iron and having a protective casing of nickel, and releasable means spaced from said shoulder for closing the bottle, said furnace having means arranged along one side of the bottle for heating the same, and closely confining Vthe bottle at otherportions thereof, said bottle having an Vextension upon its bottom end, and both said neck and said eXtenson projecting through the furnace walls and eing exteriorly mounted "for rotation.

20. A brass-melter including a brass-melt? ingv metal bottle closed at one end and having a shoulder Which is provided with a neck having a pouring mouth at the other endV and mounted for decanting the melted metal, a

releasable closure for the mouth of the bottle, i'

Ja't the melting-.operation for tliepurpos'e set 1 forth; and afuifnace wthinwhchthe bott-1e exterofte1 the furnace, means for' supplying gas under .pressure to theintcro'rjof -th'e'fbcttle is nioui'itechsad neck'extending thiough the f furnace Wall tothe exterio'rof the furnace' vand provided with a revoiuble support, and Inea'ns extending fron the oppositefend'of the bottle through the: furnace Wall and provided lwith a revoluble support, and said 'bottle made' of metal having substantially higherA meting v 'point than brass and nctanialgamating with melted brass `no11 subjectto' scalingV off'where it is exposed toheat sufficient to meltV brass.

21. The combination of a brass-inciting i'v'roughtf-'iioi'i bott-ie,` a furnace having'aheatingr chamber in which the bottle is mounted foi' rotation `and'deca'nting', said bottle havingr "a 'shoulder and neckand pouring mouth pi'oject-ing*- froin the furnace, and means to pro- `tec't the Wr'oughteiron bottle' from attack by Vbeing a ni'etalj a'cket of high conductivity, and

. havi-ii'ga highef melting 'point than brassl and notrsubjectto scaling off when exposed to brasslnieltingheat, said furnace having a row t lof bu'rnes 'or heaters diametrically opposite iso from the puoiI of' incl-ted brass which gathers in. thebottle, und the Walls of the .furnace close'lyconning 'said bottle thrcughoi'it the remainder of its circumference.

ADOLPHWV. MACHLET.

. .insegue

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