US1785080A - Apparatus for chemical reactions - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 16, 1930. 'r. GRISWOLD; JR 1,785,080

APPARATUS FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS Filed Jan. 27, 1927 2 Sheet-Sh eet 1 .jgi Q I INVENTOR.

% A 7:50am: nisam/JJP ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 16, 1930. TJGR ISWOLD JR 0 APPARATUS FOR CHEHICAL REACTION 5 Filed Jan. 27. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYJ.

. Patented 16,1930

" UNITED STATES PATENT ore-ice THOMAS GBISWOID, .13., OF MIDLAND, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE DOW CHEHICAL COMPANY, OF MIDLAND, MICHIGAN,v A CORPORATION 01' v AIPAIBATUS FOB CHEMICAL REACTIONS MICHIGAN Application filed January 27, 1827. Serial No. 188,828.

This invention relates to apparatus for chemical reactions where there is a mass of solid material and a gasiform substance, at

elevated temperatures, and it is amon the 6 objects of the invention to provide e. cient heatin and control conditions. A further object 1s to provide for removing refuse from the site of reaction. Other ob ects and advantages will appear as the description' proceeds. 1

To the accomplishment of theforegoing and related objects, the invention, then, con sists ofthe features hereinafter fully described, and articularly pointed out in the claims, the f0 lowing description and the" annexed' drawing settingforth in detail certain construction embodying the invention, the] illustrative form shown however being but one of the various ways in which the princi 1e of the invention may be applied.

1 11 said annexed drawin Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of one form of apparatus in accordance with the invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on a plane at right angles to that shown in i i Fig. 1.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the reference character 1 designatesa reaction chamber adapted to contain heated solid material throu h which a gasiform substance is passed. uch reaction chamber is preferably of a separable or removable form, and may be tubular, either of circular or elliptical or other cross section. Preferably these reaction chambers may be made of ceramic material although in some :cases I contem late meta Below the reaction chamher, an if desired, forming more or less of a sup ort also therefor is a clean-out chamber 2. ile this may be a masonry construction, preferably it will 'be of constructionsimilar to the reaction chambers 1, as regards material. A door 3 afl'ords access. A plurality of reaction chambers or retorts 1, each with its clean-out chamber, are massed in a common setting, a heating flue system being provided about the various unit's. A

a tubularremovab e chamber, may be set on the clean-out base 2 similarly to the reaction chambers. On the inner wall of the. va-

porizin vessel 4 is a spiral vaporizing gutter 5, t e liquid to be vaporized bein introduced thereto through a trapped'in et 6, supplied from a valve-controlled pipe 7. The heating flue also surrounds the vaporizing chambers, baflles being arranged to suitably divert the heating gaseous current about the reaction chambers 1, and the vaporizing vessels 4, and the clean-out chambers 2. As a preferred means of heating; the assembly,

, there may be embodied in the setting a producer 9- for as supply, such producer having a charging inlet 10 and clean-out 11, and delivering its gas through a duct 12 to mixin passages 13 where air, preferably preheate is brought into relation with the gas-for combustion. A system of ltransverse-baflles 14 may be arranged to diptribute the heat, as required. For preheat mg the inlet air, an exchanger or recuperator may be incorporated in the settin and this may include .an air intake conduit 15 in heat exchange relation with a discharge flue 16 for the flueases on their, way to the stack. Surmounting the reaction chambers 1 are 'heads 17 having char ing inlets 18; and offtakes 19 are arrange leading off to a condenser or absorber system, not shown.

The heads 17 may be of sufliciently largesize to-act as magazines for the material for the retorts. a v

Where solid material and a gas'form substance "are subjected to high 'tem eratures, whether the solid material be in the nature of a catalytic mass or as a direct reactant with a gasiform substance, the mass in the reaction chambers is heated by means of the flue system, and the gasiform substance is supplied fronf the Vaporizers 4 through the base-c ambers 2 so as to enter below and traverse the column .of heated solid, and the gasiform products produced are taken 011' at the ofitakes 19 to thecondenser or absorber system. In the case ofcarbon disulphide manufacture, the reaction chambers 1 are filled wlth carbon, preferably in the form of charcoal, and are'maintained at a temperature of red heat. Sulphur previously melted in a steam heated receptacle not shown, and forwarded through pipe 7, is flowed into the Vaporizers 4 where the liquid is vaporized, and the vapors thence pass to the retorts and pass upwardly therein to react with the hot charcoal, and the CS is taken off at the ofitake 19.. From time to time refuse in the form of ash from the carbonaceous material is raked out from the clean-out chambers 2, the doors being opened temporarily for this purpose. In this manner, since'what ash is formed is at the base of thecolumn of carbon, it may be kept from accumulating to hinder reaction. As the mass of carbon is used up at the bottom, the column settles down and is replenished by feeding in at the top 18 in accordance with the requirements.

By combining in a consolidated setting a plurality of reaction-chamber units, vaporizers and clean-out chambers and a gas producer or generator, heat is kept in the system, and uniformity and efiiciency of operation is realized in high degree.

The bafiling may be so arranged that by burning gas in the fines surrounding the reaction chambers 1, and returning the partly spent products of combustion around the vaporizing vessel 4, the former may be heated to a greater degree than the latter; and similarly by burning the gas in' the flues about the vaporizing vessel and reversing the direction of the flow ofthe products of combustion, the vaporizing vessels may be heated more than the reaction chambers. by burning gas in both sets of passages, with flow either in parallel or series, desired division of the total heat supplied may-be secured as between the reaction chambers and the vaporizing vessels.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, cliangebeing made as regards the details disclosed, provided the means stated in any of the following claims, or the equivalent of such be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of an externally heated vertically disposed tubular reaction chamber, an enternallyheated vertically disposed tubular vaporizing vessel, and an externally heated horizontally disposed clean-out chamber below said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel, separate therefrom and communicating therewith.

2. Inapparatus of the character described, the combination ofa vertically disposed tubular reaction chamber, a "verticallydisposed tubular vaporizing vessel, heating means for externally heating said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel, and an externally heated horizontally disposed clean-out chamberbelow said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel, separate therefrom and communicating therewith, said reaction chamber and Eurther,

vaporizing vessel bein removable vertically without dismantlin t e heating means.

3. In apparatus 0 the character described,

the combination of a plurality of externally heated reaction chambers, and a like plurality of externally heated vaporizing vessels, each said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel resting in pairs upon horizontally disposed clean-out chambers and communicating therewith. 4. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a plurality of externally heated reaction chambers, a like plurality of externally heated vaporizing vessels, each said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel resting upon a horizontally disposed cleanout chamber and communicating therewith, and a supply conduit'in common for feeding molten sulphur to said vaporizing vessels.

5. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a combustion chamber arranged for the combustion of gases, a plurality of sets of vertically disposed tubular bers therebelow connected therewith, all set in said combustion chamber, and. means to control the distribution of heat thereto, said means comprising bafiles to lead furnace gases back and-forth in a rising zig-zag path in heating relation to said chambers and vessels.

6. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a lurality of sets of vertically disposed tubu ar reaction chambers, vertically disposed vaporizing vessels and horizontally 'disposed clean-out chambers therebelow, each said clean-out chamber supporting and communicating with a said reaction chamber and vaporizing vessel, said plurality of sets of chambers and vessels being positioned in a gas-fired-furn'ace including therein bafiles to lead heating gases back and forth in a rising zig-zag path in heating .posed first-mentioned chamber and vessel and communicating therewith, means for- I supplying charcoal to said reaction chamber and means for supplying sulphur to sai vaporizing chamber.

8. imappafatus for making carbon disulphide, the combination of a vertically disposed reaction chamber, a vessel for supplying. sulphur, vapor to-the reaction chamber, and including an inclined gutter, a separate horizontally disposed clean-out chamber be low and supporting said first mentioned chamber and vessel .and communicating sale.

' face and bein therewith, means for supplying charcoal to in connection with said flue system and in the said reaction chamber, and means for supsamesetting.

plyin sulphur to. said va orizing chamber.

9. En apparatus for ma phide, the combination of a p urality of vertically disposed tubular reaction chambers and separate vertically disposed tubular sulphur vaporizing vessels, separate horizontally disposed clean-outchambers therebelow, each said clean-out chamber supporting a reaction chamber and a vaporizing vessel and communicating therewith, means for supplying sulphur to said vaporizing. chamrs, and means for heating t e entire a paratus, said means including a producer 0 hot combustible gas, and a flue system for supplying the same about said chambers and vessels.

10. In apparatus for making carbon disulphide, a plurality of-sets of carbon disulphide producin units, each including a vertically dispose vessel to vaporize sul hur, and a' vertically disposed tubular cham- Ber to contain charcoal, said chamber and vessel being above and communicating with a separate horizontally disposed clean-out chamber adapted to lead sulphur vapors from said vaporizing vesselvto said reaction chamber and to accumulate and permit removal' of ash, heating me'ansin the same settin including a gas producer, a recuperator,- and passa ways to lead the heated s back and orth in a rising zig-zag pat in heating relation with said chambers and ves- 11. In apparatus of the character described, a su phu'r vacporizin chamber comispose I gutter. v

12. In a paratus for making carbon disulphide, t e combination in a single setting, of a gas reducer, recuperator, vertically dispose tu ular ceramic reaction chamber, a yertically dis osed tubular. ceramic sulphur vafiiarizing c amber having upon its inner w porting saidreaction chamber and'said s'u1 bur-vaporizing chamber and communicatmg therewith;

13. In apparatus of the. character described, the combination of a plurality of tubular reaction chambers, a cleanout chamher on which each reaction chamber is set,

means for supplying vapors, said means including a spiral gutter adapted to receive a liquid at its upper end and a tubular walled vessel carrying said gutter on its inner surmounted also on each said clean-out cham r horizontally-bathed heatng flues about reaction chambers, vaporizing vessels and cle'amout chambers, and means for suppl .ng to said flues a hot combustible gas, sai means including a producer carbon disul- 1927.

tubular vessel surface a spiral gutter, and a' horizon-'- tally disposed ceramic cleanout chamber sup- Signed by me this 14th day of January,

' THOMAS GRISWOLD, JR.

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