US1783055A - Hoe-type shovel crane - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 25, 1930. I A. RUSSELL HOE TYPE SHOVEL CRANE Filed June 19, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet Nov. 25, 1930. A. RUSSELL 1,783,055

HOE TYPE SHOVEL CRANE- Filed June 19, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Milk wise

U wvez Nov. 25, 1930. L. A. RUSSELL 1,783,055

HOE TYPE SHOVEL CRANE Filed June 19, 1926 5 Sheets-Shee t 3 Z 3 7 vlllllllllll, 1 r uuunv v w \i 35 49;I 2/ Z7 y L 15 5' 1 1 l t Nov. 25, 1930. A. RUSSELL 1,783,055

HOE TYPE SHOVEL CRANE Fi led June 19, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 25,1930. L. RUSSELL 1,783,055

HOE TYPE SHOVEL CRANE Filed Juhe 19, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 wimm Patented Nov. 25,- 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LESLIE A. RUSSELL, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR T0 KOEHRING COMPANY,

OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION HOE-TYPE SHOVEL CRANE Application filed June 19,

This invention has to do with excavating shovels such as are generally known in the power shovel art as of the digging hoe, or in-digging type. lai -principle of construction this type of power excavator or shovel, so called, involves the provision of a supportingboom,ca rried by the swing body of the shovel crane, on which boom is supported a shovel dipper, the said dipper having its diggingmouth arranged at the inner side thereof, or facing in a direction toward the body of the crane so that the excavating means may be employed for digging or eXca-' vating toward the machine. The shovel is. elevated, swung by the machine and the dipper thereof is dumped in order to discharge its contents into a vehicle or at some other suitable place of deposit.

Heretofore, it has been customary, and necessary, to provide drag-line means leading from a suitable drum on the machine and connected with the power dipper for pulling in the dipper to effect the in-dig ging action of the latter, and one of the special objects of the present invention has been to devise a construction which does away with the above feature of drag-line cable means heretofore used.

In previous types of in-digging or hoe type excavators, one of the problems of effective operation has been to discharge the dipper readily, and considerable difliculty has been experienced in this connection because the dipper arrangements have not been such as to enable the dipper to assume a position wherein its contents may be easily dumped, without the employment of somewhat complicated means to effect the desired result. Hence, another object of this invention, has been to devise amounting for the dipper, in relation to its supporting boom,

that automatically causes a special movement of the dipper relatively to-its handle and to its supporting boom, by which the dipper will quickly become tilted to a position for rapid dumping when elevated and a swung for the accomplishment of this function. Moreover, the said means acts automatically to cause a shifting movement of the dipper which is very advantageous to 1926. Serial No. 117,099. 7

with the dipper in a novel manner, a dipper stick or handle connected with the dipper in a movable manner and adapted to be positively operated to shift the dipper to a dumping position and to be similarly operated to carrythe dipperto a digging position, and to additionally cause a crowding of the dipper as it digs. In this way, there is obtained an extremely efficient movement of the dipper, and digging action whereby the general operation and control of the dipper are increased materially in efliciency and nicety, respectively.

So far as advised the present machine, utilizes for the first time, a dipper stick or handle operated by positive acting dipper handle shipper mechanism for actuation of the dipper by movement relatively to its supporting boom, and in this instance also by movement relatirely to the dipper handle, inthe indi'gg-ing and dumping operations. The positive-control of the movement of the dipper by a positively operated dipper handle is very important because by reversing the action of the shipper mechanism when the dipper is in a dumping position the said dipper may be shaken readily in order to facilitate the dumping of its contents. In practical use of this type of shovel dippers, the foregoing operation is' a matter of consequence and insures a saving of time in the handling of materials being excavated, for reasons 0bvious to those versed in this art.

In the accompanying drawings 2- Figure l is a side elevation of a power shovel crane embodying the present invention, dotted lines showing the dipper as it operates with its in-digging action, also showing the large reach of the dipper under the control of the supporting boom and also under the control of the shipper means for the dipper handle.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary partly sectional view showing more fully the dipper construction and illustrating the automatic cable take-up means.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view partly in section, showing clearly the broad link connection between the upper end of the boom and the rear end of the dipper, the section being taken about on the line 33 of Figure 2, as distinguished from the line 22 on which Figure 2 is taken.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the lower end of the dipper handle bringing out more clearly the take-up device for the shipper cable means.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken through the boom illustrating the mounting of the shipper shaft with the shipper cable guiding sheaves mounted thereon.

Figure 6 is a side view showin somewhat diagrammatically the body of the machine but illustrating the boom in a somewhat horizontal position and the range of movement of the dipper under the actuation of the dipper handle, from digging commencement position to a position in which the dipper is filled or loaded preliminary to dumping.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of the mode of reeving the shipper cable means.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the dipper and certainadjacent connected parts, bringing out clearly certain details.

Figure 9 is an enlarged side view of a fragmentary nature showing the novel saddle block mounting and cable arrangement more clearly.

Figure 10 is a another sectional view of the parts seen in Figure 5.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary view of the boom frame mounting in the crane body.

Figure 12 is a perspective view of the boom frame.

Referring to the drawings, the shovel crane. shown embodies the customary swing body A and the traction support B. Suitably stepped upon a bracket 1 at an end of the swing body A is a boom frame or main boom 2 of somewhat triangular form, this frame being an absolutely rigid structure susceptible however, to tilting movement bodily about the pivot point 3 as an axis. At the top of the boom frame 2, which is held in proper position by suitable cable means 4 are sheaves 5 around which said cable means 4 passes, and coaxial with the sheaves 5 are larger sheaves or grooved wheels 6 over which operates the hoisting cable 7 that leads from the hoisting drum 8 to a suitable point of connection, including the shackle 9, with the boom 10. The boom 10 is the shovel boom and is pivotally stepped at its lower end upon the lower outer portion of the boom frame 2. The hoisting cable 7 will be utilized for raising and lowering the boom 10 and the drum 8 will be operated by an engine or motor disposed on the swing body A and supported preferably at the end of the latter opposite that carrying the parts 2 and 10.

. While there is illustrated the use of the boom frame 2 for the purposes of this invention, it is to be understood that owin to the fact that certain primary inventive eatures of the invention may not require the emplo ment of the boom frame 2, there are con itions that would enable entirely dispensing with said frame, substituting therefor a suitable arm for supporting of the boom 10.

The boom 10 is equipped at its upper end with depending links or arms 11 and 12 pivotally attached to the boom 10 at the axis 13.

The arms 11 and 12 support the dipper handle 14 and the dipper 15 in the following manner. The arm 12 is outermost and has pivotal connection at 16 with the outer closed end of the dipper. The arm 11' is directly connected at its lower end with the axis 17 carried by the dipper handle 14 and consisting of a shaft on which is mounted the automatic cable take-up means comprising the drum unit including the small drum 18 and the larger drum 19 with an intermediate ratchet wheel 20, seen best in Figures 2 and 4. Since the arms 11 and 12 are pendant, and one of them is connected with the dipper 15 while the other is attached to the dipper handle 14, it will be evident that when the dipper handle 14 is actuated to swing the dipper 15 outwardly, the arm 12 will act to pull or rock the dipper 15 relatively to the handle 14 so that the dipper will assume an angular position facilitating its dumping. When the dipper handle 14 is actuated so as to pull inwardly on the parts supporting the dipper,

and the dipper 15 itself, the arm 11 will act to tilt the dipper 15 so that it assumes a position effective for the digging operation thereof. While the upper and lower mem- .-be rs of the arm 12 are castings or the like,

' they are connected by steel bars and thus a flexible structure is obtained that permits of acertain amount of lateral sway of the bucket while sup orted by the arms 12 and 11. The flexing of the arm 12 is in the plane of its body structure and affords shock absorbing functions.

The boom 10 is a fabricated structure comprising spaced members 10 and 10", seen best in Figure-5, and the dipper handle 14 operates in the space between the side portions of said boom 10.

The means for operating the dipper handle 14 includes an operating drum 21 also operable from the engine or motor not shown, and having wound thereabout the operating or shipper cable means 22, 23; By turning the drum 21 in opposite directions, an operating pull or drive may be applied to the cable means 22, 23. The said cable means 22, 23, extends from the drum 21 beneath fleeting sheaves 24, carried by the boom 10 at its lower end and spaced from other fleeting sheaves disposed beneath the sheaves 24,

or approximately beneath. In other words,

the cable means 22, 23 passes between the sheaves 24 and 25. From between the sheaves 24- and 25, the cable means 22, 23 passes upwards along the boom 10 between the side members thereof to points of cooperation with the shipper shaft sheaves 26 and 27. Fromtheir points of engagement with the sheaves 26 and 27, the cable means 22, 23 extend in opposite directions along the dipper handle 14 to approximately the opposite ends of this handle, one connecting with the drum unit 1819 from the upper end of the dipper handle, and the other connecting with said unit from the lower portion of the dipper handle, as seen in Figure 1, and elsewhere in the drawings as Figure 7.

It will therefore be understood that by driving the operating drum 21 for the ship- I per cable means in opposite directions, the

dipper handle 14 will draw in the dipper 15 with what is known as a crowding action of the dipper 15 to its work, or movement in an opposite direction which will swing the dipper 15 to its dumping position. The control of the drum 21' by reverse movements will transmit to the dipper handle 14 an absolutely positive movement in either of opposite directions and this action is new in the present invention as applied to an in-digging hoe or dipper construction. Obviously, by reason of such control, the dipper 15 may be shaken as desired in order to facilitate its dumping operation; said dipper may be pulled inwards under positive forces to promote its effective digging action crowding it to its work; and said dipper may be positively pushed outwards to swing it to a farreaching dumping position established by a movement of the boom lO and the dipper handle 14, combinatively. Under these conditions the invention enables a long extension Q of the boom and dipper working together to dump and a corresponding extension of these two parts for digging, as seen in Figure 1 in dotted lines, as to the last phase.

Heretofore in hoe type or in-digging dips per shovels, the boom-supporting. the dipper has practically functioned solely as a mere support to hold the dipper as its crowding or digging action is produced by drag-line means or some positive acting force. In the present invention, however, the boom 10 enters into the digging function of the dipper shovel with important results because the lowering movement of the boom 10 may be used to assist in actually digging and in holding the dipper to its work, after the manner illustrated in dotted lines-in Figure 1, as a single example of the stated function. In

constructions heretofore proposed, the supporting booms of hoe type dippers have either not been useful to function as a part of the digging operation of the dipper, be-

ly 'holds the dipper 15 against twisting or like-movement under tortional strains that might be set up when undue resistance is met with at points opposite the crowding center of the dipper or in other words, opposite sides of a plane passing centrally and vertically through said'dipper body. Moreover, the top of the dipper 15 is open as seen in Figure 2, and its rear or outer wall curved and effectively reinforced as shown at 15". The open space at the top of the dipper permits of increased size of the load which may be dug on each action of the dipperwhen crowded to its work, and said upper open portion also permits of. greater ease in dislodgement of the dipper contents, which by reason of this open portion, does not become wedged in the dipper structure in the digging operation.

The general operation of the machine, as above described, will be clear from the foregoing, and note is made that the pivotal connection between the dipper 15 and the dlpper handle 14, permitting the dipper 15 to angle in relation to the dipper handle, is designated 30. When the dipper 15 is to perform its digging action, the hoisting cable 7 is operated to lower the boom 10 as required, and the drum 21 is rotated-to actuate the handle 14, swing the dipper 15 to a proper digging angle, and crowd the dipper to its work by in-pull thereon. To dump the dipper 15, the

cable 7 is operated to hoist the boom 10 and the dipper handle 14 actuated to move outwardly the dipper 15 to swing it to a dumping angle. Previous to dumping of the dip per 15, the swing body A of the frame Wlll of course be swung to carry the dlpper 15 over the place where its contents are to be dumped".

The operation of the automatic cable-takeup means, seen in Figure 4 and Flgure 2, may now be set forth, together with the dipper stick or handle structure, per se, and its saddle block mounting means, all of which are shaft 32 between the cable sheaves 26 and 27, and the lower edges of the stick angles operate on spaced flange parts 14 of the roller 14". To hold the stick 14 in operating relation to the roller 14 there is em'ployed a peculiar saddle block structure which includes the side arms 35 connected by the cross rod 36 detachable relative thereto at its opposite ends. Carried by the saddle block sides 35 are shoes 37 consisting also of angle members and adapted to bear on the upper sides or surfaces of the angles of the dipper stick 14. The outer side of each shoe 37 is serrated to enable its adjustment relatively to its 'saddle block member 35 for taking up wear incident to sliding of the stick 14 in contact with the shoes 37. Each shoe 37 is attached to its adjacent member 35 by the -rod 36 and nuts 38 screwed thereon.

The dipper stick 14 is thus free to swing about the axis 32 with the saddle block structure.

In the operation of the slack take-up means shown in Figures 2 and 4, it will be evident that any slack which is caused in the cable 22-23 will be taken up by the cooperation of the pawl 28 with the ratchet wheel 20, this slack being usually due to stretching of the cable. Under conditions of use the cable becomes extended and when it is lengthened a distance equal to a tooth pitch of the ratchet member 20, the pawl 28 will engage a fresh tooth of the member 20 and thus automatically take up the excess slack. The sheave at the upper end of the dipper stick only revolves slightly incident to the slack take-up action aforesaid. When the slack is removed from the cable, the take-up member 19 and the said upper end sheave on the dipper stick afford equal opposed elements thatmaintain the cable means taut between them, leaving the lower lengths only of the cable, designated 22, to travel'over and under the respective shipper sheaves 26 and 27, incident to the in and out movement of the dipper handle or stick.

It is to be noted that the main boom or boom frame 2 is a substantially rigid triangular structure that may be raised or lowered by movement about the pivotal axis 3 and in this way the lower supporting arm or base of said boom frame may be raised or lowered to correspondingly move the point of pivotal support of the boom 10 which is carried by the lower utmost portion of said boom frame. The degree of elevation of the pivot support or axis 10 of the boom 10'determines of course to a large extent certain effective operations of the dipper 15.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a boom pivoted to said body, a dipper handle movable in opposite directions and mounted on said boom, an in- .digging dipper carried by the boom and connected with said handle, means for raising and lowering the boom and at the same time causing movements of the dipper handle, and means for positively moving the handle in either of opposite directions.

2. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body mounted for swinging movement, a boom pivoted at one end of said body, an in-digging dipper depending from the opposite end of the boom, a dipper handle with positive means for moving the same in opposite directions, the handle mounted on the boom and connected with said dipper, and means attaching the dipper to the boom independently of its connection with the handle.

3. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body mounted for swin ing movement, a boom pivoted at one en of said body, an in-diggin dipper depending from the opposite end 0 the boom, a dipper handle for the dipper, the connection between the dipper handle and dipper comprising pivot means, and actuating parts intermediate the dipper handle, dipper and boom for swinging the dipper to a digging angle when the dipper handle exerts a all upon the dipper, and for swinging the ipper to a dumping angle when the dipper handle exerts a push on the handle.

4. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a boom pivoted at one end thereto, hoisting cable means for said boom, a dipper handle mounted on the boom, an iii-digging dipper carried by said handle, an arm pivoted to the boom and pivotally connected with the handle, another arm pivoted to the boom and pivotally connected with the dipper, and shipper mechanism on the boom cooperating with the dipper handle to push and pull the same.

5. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a swing body, a boom pivoted at one end of said body, a dipper of the in-digging type pivoted to the opposite end of said boom, a dipper handle connected with said dipper and mounted on the boom, means for raising and lowering the boom during dipper operations, and shipper mechanism carried by the boom for pushing and pulling said handle.

6. Ina-shovel crane as described, in combination, a swing body, a boom pivoted thereto, a dipper handle mounted on said boom, a dipper pivoted to said handle, a pivotal connection between the dipper and the boom, a pivotal connection between the dipper handle and the boom independently of the supporting connection between the handle and the boom, and shipper mechanism for causing the dipper handle to push and pull the dipper relatively to the boom, with hoisting means for the boom.

7. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a swing body, a boom pivoted theredipper pivoted to said handle, a pivotal connection between the dipper and the boom, a pivotal connection between the dipper handle and the boom independently of the supporting connection between the handle and the boom, and shipper mechanism for causing the dipper handle to push and pull the dipper relatively to the boom, with hoisting means for the boom, together with cable means included in said shipper mechanism and embodying an automatic slack cable take-up device coacting with said cable means.

8. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a boom pivoted thereto, a dipper handle mounted on said boom, a dipper connected with said handle, shipper cable means for operating said handle com-' prising a drum on the crane body, a shipper shaft mechanism on the boom including shipper sheaves, shipper cable means leading from said drum and trained along the boom and passing over said shipper sheave means, said shipper cable means leading from the shipper sheaves in opposite directions along the dipper handle and being attached to the dipper handle, the attachment means aforesaid comprising an automatic slack cable take-up devicemounted on the dipper handle.

9. A machine substantially as claimed in claim 8 wherein the automatic slack cable take-up device is mounted on the dipper handle, said device being operable by reverse action of the shipper cable means acting to reverse the movement of the dipper handle.

10. In a shovel crane as described, in com bination, a swing body, a boom .pivoted thereto, means to raise and lower the boom, a dipper, a dipper handle on the boom and pivoted to the dipper, a link pendant from the boom and pivotally connected with the dipper by a connection embodying widely spaced bearing elements, and a link pivoted to the boom and also having pivotal connection with the dipper handle adjacent to" the dipper.

11. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a boom pivoted thereto and adapted to assume an upwardly or downwardly inclined position extending therefrom, an in-digging dipper mounted-to swing on the boom, a dipper handle mounted on said boom and connected with said dipper, and means for positively moving the dipper handle in opposite directions, and means to change the angle ofthe dipper relatively to its handle, when the handle is op erated. v

- 12. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane comprising a swing body, a

boom pivoted tosaid body, means for raising and lowering said boom, a dipper handle mounted on the boom for back and forth sliding movement relatively thereto, and an indigging dipper. carried by said handle, and

means to change the angle of the dipper to its handle as the handle is moved back and forth comprising a part connecting the handle and boom, and a second part connecting the dipper and boom.

13. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a boom pivoted thereto, a dipper handle shiftable on said boom by longitudinal movement of the handle and carried by the boom, av dipper pivotally connected with the handle, and means connected with the boom and cooperating with the dipper handle and dipper to change the angle of the dipper to the handle as the dipper handle is moved longitudinally, said angularity changing means operatingto swing the'dipper to a dumping position on one direction movement'ofthe handle, and to-vdigging position on opposite direction movement of the handle, and means to raise and lowerv the boom. F

14. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane comprising a swing body, a

boom pivotedto said body, means for raising and lowering said boom during dipper operations, a dipper handle mounted on the boom for back and forth sliding movement relatively thereto, and a dipper connected with said handle and mounted on the boom, means the frame, and adapted to incline upwards-or downwards from the frame, a dipper handle on the boom, means to positively'move the handle back and forth on the boom, an in digging dipper carried'by the boom and connected with the handle, and means to raise and lower the boom.

16. A machine as described in claim'15 in which the supporting frame consists of a boom frame, and means to raise and lower the latter during operations.

17. In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a swing body, a boom ivote'd at one end of said body, adi-pper of t e in-di gmg type pivoted to the opposite end of said oom, a" dipper handle connected with sald dipper and mounted on the boom, and shipper mechanism carried by the boom for pushing and said handle, a boom frame with hoisting'"=-fheans therefor mounted on the swing body and pivot means between the boom frame and boom to directly carry the latter.

18, In a shovel crane as described, in combination, a crane body, a traction support therefor, a boom movable vertically and pul crane body,"a boom mounted thereon, an

in-digging dipper swingingly mounted on the boom, a dipper handle mounted for back and forth movement on the boom and havin 2o connection with the swinging dipper and means to positively crowd out and pull in said handle to impart corresponding operations to the dipper during operations of the boom. v A 4 21. In a shovel crane, in combination, a crane body, a boom mounted thereon, an indigging dipper swingingly mounted on the boom, a dipper handle mounted for back and forth movement on the boom and having connection with the swinging dipper and means to positively crowd out and pull in said handle to impart corresponding operations to the dipper, and means for causing the diggin angle of the dipper to change as it is led toward the boom an moved away from the boom by'the dipper handle.- 22. In a shovel crane, in combination, a crane body, a boom mounted on said body, an in-digging dipper associated with said 40 boom, a swinging link on the boom and pivotally attached to the dipper, a dipper handle positively movable in opposite directions on the boom and movably connected with the dipper, and means for operating said handle during operations of the boom.

'23. In a shovel crane, in combination, a crane body, a boom mounted on said body, an in-digging dipper associated with said boom,

' a swinging link on the boom and pivotally attached to the dipper, a dipper handle positively movable in opposite directions on the boom and movably connected with the dipper, and means for operating said handle, and

a swinging arm pivotedto the boom and 55 pivoted to the dipper handle between itspoint of connection with the dipper and with the boom and cooperating with these parts in their movement and incident to the change of digging angle of the dipper.

.- "rmc r'ane body, a main boom pivotally mounted 24. In a shovel crane, in combination, a

thereon" and having an outboard bearing, a second boom supported by said outboard bearaxing"and-adapted to be moved from an up- 65f. wardly inclined position to a downwardly 20. In a shovel crane, in combination, a.

inclined position, an in-digging dipper mounted to swing on the second boom, means for moving said dipper to cause digging and dumping actions thereof, and means for moving the main boom whereby to raise and lower the outboard 'bearin that supports the second boom substantial y as described.

25. In a shovel crane, excavating means including a boom, a dipper handle mounted thereon, a dipper carried by said handle, a roller mounted on the boom, and a saddle block structure for holding the dipper handle in'contact with said roller, the said dipper handle comprising angle shaped members spaced apart, and the roller having flanges on which said angle members operate, the saddle block structure including adjustable shoes cooperating with the angle shaped members of the dipper handle to hold the same in coaction with the roller aforesaid.

26. Av saddle block structure "for dipper handles of shovel cranes comprising side members adapted for pivotal support on a shipper shaft, shoes carried by said side members, a connection between the side members, an adjustable dipper handle engaging the shoes carried by the side members and held in place by said connection.

27. A saddle block structure for dipper handles of shovel cranes comprising side members adapted for pivotal support on a shipper shaft, shoes carried by said side members, a connection between the side members, an adjustable dipper handle engaging the shoes carried by the side members an held in place by said connection, the said connection comprising a cross rod connecting the sides of the saddle block structure, the sides of the saddle block structure and the shoes being serrated sides to provide for adjustment of the shoes on the block structure toward the axis of the latter.

28. In a shovel crane, in combination, a crane body, a main boom mounted thereon, a shovel boom carried by said main boom and pivoted thereto, an in-digging dipper mounted to swing on said shovel boom, an oppositely driven dipper handle on the shovel boom and connected to drive the dipper for digging and dumping, and means for moving the main boom to change the elevation of the pivotal axis of the shovel boom which is carried thereon.

29. In a shovel crane, in combination, a crane body, a main boom mounted thereon and comprising a triangular frame at the lower outer angle of which is provided a pivotal axis, a shovel boom mounted on said axis, an in-digging dipper shovel connected with said shovel boom, means for operating said in-digging dipper shovel, and means for raisingand lowering the main boom and for raising and lowering the shovel boom, the raising and lowering movement of the main I boom changing the elevation of the pivotal axis of the shovel boom.-

30. In a shovel crane, in combination, a boom, an in-digging dippermounted to swing on said boom and a single operating device carried by the boom for swinging said dipper for digging and dumping actions.

31. In a shovel crane, in combination, a boom, an in-digging dipper mounted to swing I on said boom and a single operating device carried by the boom for swinging said dipper for digging and dumping actions, said operating device comprising a dipper handle driven under power in lowering opposite directions.

In testimony whereof I aflix m si nature.

LESLIE A. R SS LL.

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