US1779940A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 28,1930. P. G. KAISER BOILER Filed March 17, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet l PaaZ tfiufier Oct. 28, 1930. P. G. KAISER 1,779,940

BOILER Filed March 17. 1928 3' Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. '28, 1930. P. G. KNSER 1,119,940

BOILER Filed March 17, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet I:

PatentedcOct. 28, 1930 2 UNITED" STATES E T? OFFICE,

PAUL G. KAISER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS BOILER' Application it March 17, 1928. Serial No. 262,371.

water in thefirdtubeshell to be drawn into I the water tubes;

Another object of my invention is to amplify and increase thecirculation of water inthe boiler.

A further object of my invention is to safeguard and protect the boiler shell from in jury," should aleakoccur in a Water tube,

1 I, use a boiler construction comprising a fire-tube boiler shell having co-ordinated water tubeslining the sides of the combustion chamber of the-boiler which are adapted to take in water from' the boiler shell, and provide means to take in water-from this shell at a point where the maximum-longh tudinal distribution of: the downflowing water is available but at'a point high enough to prevent the draining of the boiler, should a leak occur in one of the water tubesor'their headers. I also provide means to return the heated, rising Water and steam from the wa ter tubes tothe boiler shell at a point near the water level in theboiler.

These and further'features and j of my invention are 'set'forthinthe follow- I ing detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal, vertical side'elevation of a boiler embodyingrthe features of my invention, shown partly in sectionv to illustrate certain details more clearly} Figure 2 is a front elevation of this boiler,

5 partly in section. ,7

Figure 3 is anenlarged, fragmentary, vertical cross-section of apart ofthe boiler shell illustrating .certain details of the construction.

with: a blow-E pipe 21.

advantages I Figure 4c is a front.eleratiompartly.in secg tion, of another form ofboiler embodyingthe features of my invention.

Figure 5is alongitudinal, vertical sectional view, taken on the line5o5 of Figure 4:, with the layer of refractory material, shown in F igure%, omitted, for clearness. V,

Figure 6 is a side elevation, partly in lone gitudinal section, ofv still another type of boiler embodying the features of :my inven-- tion. 1' i i Figure 7 is a vertical,cross-sectional view of'this type of boiler taken on the'line 7-7, of Figure 6. 1 v g A fire-tube boiler shell 10 of well-known construction (Figurel) is supported by suspension brackets 11 hung from I-beams 12,

which are supported by uprights 13. Acom- Y bustion chamber 15 (here shownas adapted topowdered coal) isformed under the boiler shell--10 and is suitably enclosed by a front brick wall 14, a rear brick wall 16 and suit able side walls 22 of refractory material. :The combustion gases have their outlet at therear end of ,the' combustion chamber into a fire chamber 17, .whence they pass forwardly through fire tubes 18of the boilershell 10 into a smoke-100x19 at the front end of the boiler, and they are thence" exhausted upwardly through the Smokestack 20. The boiler shell 10 is provided at one end of its lower surface The above description outlines a boilerof a fire-tube type well knowni-n the art. I now provide a series of parallel, verticallyjdisposed water tubes 25 whichare spaced relatively close together, substantially along the length of the opposing walls of the combustion chamber15. These water tubes, at each side,are connected at their lower ends by a horizontally disposed lower header manifold 26 and are connected by a similarlydisposed upper header manifold 27 at their upper ends, The upper headers 27 are suitably supported by brackets 28 which are secured to the sides of the boiler shell '10 andthe lower headers 26 may be supported in any suitable manner. at

the lower portions of the combustion 'chams ber. 7

Referring now to Figure .2 and-to the arrangement' of the fire tubes 18 in the boiler up shell 10, it will be noted that the fire tubes are arranged in four groups of vertical tiers spaced to form a central passage 29 to facilitate the upward flow of the heated, rising water, between the two inner groups. Substantially midway between the respective outer tiers of fire tubes 18 and passage 29, are other vertical passages 30 which extend transverse- 1y throughout substantially the length of the boiler. A pair of circulating plates 31 is vertically disposed in each of these paths 30, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. These circulating plates greatly facilitate the circulation of the water and add to the productive capacity of the boiler because they confine the major portion of the downwardly-flowing water to the relatively cool spaces 30 between these plates 31 which shield said spaces from the heat of the adjacent fire tubes 18. This circulating plate construction is more fully described in my co-pending application, Serial No. 47 3, filed January 5, 1925.

The largest volume and fastest moving columns of downflowing, cooling water in the boiler shell 10 will be along these paths 30 between the bafile plates 31. Intake pipes 33 are mounted at opposite ends of the boiler in each of the passages 30. These intake pipes 33 extend upwardly between the circulating plates 31 to substantially the horizontal plane of the axis of the boiler. They are connected at their lower ends with the water tubes 34 which, in turn, are connected to the opposite ends of the lower header manifolds 26 located on either side of the combustion chamber;

The downward-flowing Water in the passages 30 of the boiler shell 10 is conducted through the intake pipes 33 and 34 to the lower eader manifolds 26 where it enters the water tubes 25 which line the sides of the combustion chamber 15 of the boiler.

As the water in the tubes 25 becomes heated, it rises in the tubes to the upper header manifolds 27, whence it is we discharged into the boiler 10 at a point near the level of the water in the boiler, indicated by the numeral 32, through discharge pipes 35.

The down'wardly-fiowing water in the passages 30 between the circulating plates 31 is drawn into the intake pipes 33 at a point near the center of the boiler 10 after the water has flowed over the tops of the circulating plates 31 and down to the center of the boiler. The water taken in by the intake pipes 33 at this point will be drawn not only from the water directly above the intake 33 but from the water between the plates 31 distributed some distance longitudinally away from the intake pipes 33, asillustrated by the arrows inFigs. 5 and 6.- The water to betaken in'by the pipes 33 is distributed transversely and longie tudinally between the circulating plates 31 and both forward and rearward of the intake pipe 33. This enables a larger volume of the cooling downflowing water in the boiler to be placed in circulation in the water tubes, thus tending to amplify and increase the circulation of the water in the boiler.

Another important feature in the locating of the top of the intake pipe 33 near the horizontal plane of the axis of the boiler is the safety factor which insures against complete draining of the boiler shell 10, should a leak occur in one of the water tubes 25. In the event of such a leak, the water would only be drained down to the center line of the boiler; that is, to the tops of the intake pipes 33. This will prevent burning out of the bottom of the boiler shell 10, which would be an expensive replacement, while the upper fire tubes 18 of the boiler shell can be replaced quite readily, in the event that they are destroyed.

It will be noted that the lower header manifolds 26 are spaced a distance above the floor line on which the boiler is to be mounted, leaving a space 36 which allows easy access to the under-side of the headers 26, if it becomes necessary to replace worn or burned out tubes. Such construction is necessary in the event that the boilers are arranged intandems, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 4.

Another form of my invention is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, wherein the general boiler construction and the principal features of my invention are the same as those shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, and indicated by the same numerals. The essential differences between this form and the preferred form of my invention, hereinabove described, are in the positioning of the water tubes. In the preferred form of my invention the water tubes are'vertically disposed, which construction is desirable in the event that the boilers are located in place having plenty of head room above the boiler but little or no room behind and in front of the boiler. In such a location the removal and changing of a water tube would necessitate it being drawn upwardly as there would be no room for a longitudinal movement of the tube. In another form of my invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, which I am about to describe, the water tubes are vertically disposed along the sides but cross over each other and such an installation .material over the tops of the crossed tubes.

This feature is desirable, especially in high pressureboilers.

I have differentiated the water tubes and auxiliary parts of this form of the invention from the preferred form by subscribing a ma e 40 prime after each of the parts of the modified form which correspond withjlilre parts in the preferred form but are slightly different: in shape andposition. The vertically disposed water hibes ZfJ, located along the side walls of the'combustion chamber 15, are shaped so that each alternately crosses theother at'a point belowthe bottom of theboiler shell 10" substantially near the top of the combustion chamber lfi. Thus we have the water taken inby'the; pipes 33' (Figured) conducted downwardly through pipes B l" to the lower headers 26" on the oppositesides ofthe boiler, and as the heated water: rises in the water tubes 25", itflenters the upper headersjQ'Z which are located onthe converse sides ofthe combustion chamber 15, and is discharged intotheshell 10 through pipes 35". The net work of tubes forms a shallow V-shaped top where they cross, as seen in Figure-4t, and a liningofiirebrick clay orjsome similar substan'ce is formed along this shallow V top channel andis indicated bythe numeral 38;

The only difiere'nce this construction makes in the circulation of the water the boiler is that the intakeiwater is drawn from the passage on one side, of the boiler through the intake pipe 33 and the steam and heated water is discharged into the boiler shell 10 on the opposite side. The flames and burning fuel in the. combustion chamber do not heat the bottom of the boiler shell 10 in this form of the'invention but pass to the rear portion of the boiler,through the fire chamber 17, and

thence forwardly through the fire tubes .18, smoke-box 19, and are exhausted'upwardly through the smoke-stack '20; Extra water tubes 525 are connected by suitable upper and lower headers along the rear wall of the combustion chamber inseries with'the water tubes 25', and serve the same purpose in the same manner as the water tubes 25 along the side walls. g p

In Figures 6 and 7,1 illustrate another modified. form of my invention, embodying the same principles, features and'adyantages as the two forms just described, and using the same numerals to designatethe parts which correspond with the parts disclosed in the preferred form of my invention, illustrated in Figures 1- and2. I In this form, the

parts that'make upthe water-tube section of the boiler are also in a different position and shaped in a different manner from the preferred form but perform the same functions and'are for thesame purpose.

: of the invention. is desirable when the head room orspace above the boiler is limited and there is plenty of room in the'rear and 1n front of the boiler. Thus, in the removal of a leaky water tube, it can be drawn-through the forward or rearward 'endandthus be easily replaced. The parts are differentiated in this form by the subscription. of the letter a after each corresponding numeral. The

This form tribute the down draft of the Water; Y i. r l r shell, fire tubes therefor grouped to leayea vertically; longitudinally extending space under shell oftheboiler 10 is heated by the burning fuel inthecombustion chamber 15 which passes through the fire chamber 17 to 26 which receives the cooling Water from the boiler th rough'the intake pipes 33 and 34*,is located at the rearpart of the boiler.

lhe"water is drawn in throughthe intake. pipe" 33, located between the circulating plates 31 at the rear ofthe boiler, through seine-0 the manifold headers 26 and as it is heated, rises through the water tubes 25 to the forward header 27 whence it is discharged into the opposite orforward' end of the boiler shell 10.- The othersid'e of the boiler has the converse of this arrangement;

that'is, the lower intake header 26 is located at the forward end of theboilerand the intake pipe 33, for this side is forward end of the boiler, whilejthe' di scharge'header 27*, which isconnected with the outlet discharge pipe35 is located at located at the the rear part of the boiler but functions in the same manner asthe one on theopposite' sid'eof the boiler.

, In this form of the inyentiomtlie waarm be fed to the water tubes on onesideofithe boiler istaken, in at the rear of the boiler? substantially at. the horizontal centergline and discl'iarged back into the boiler at the forward end of this same side substantially at thewaterflevel of the boiler shell, and the water on the opposite "sideioflthe boiler is taken in at thefrontf end of the boiler and discharged back into the rear part of the boiler on the same side.

lunar i J 1.;The'combi'nathm in a'boiler of a b'oileif shell, fire tubes therefor. grouped to l eaye a vertically, longitudinally extending space for downflowing water, a combustion chamber i therebeneath, water tubesin the combustion chamber, and means affording water flow from'the shell tothe water. tubes and com,- V

iio

municating with the shell at a"pointwhich is aboye that area of the shell directly exposed to the combustion chamber, and which "is in said space, thereby longitudinallytodis J 2. The combinatlon n a boiler "of for, downflowing water, a combustion chambertherebeneath, wateritubesin'the com-' bustion chamber, means afiording water fiow from the shell to the water tubes and com-1 I municatin'g withfthe shell" at a point which is above that area of the shell directly exposed to the combustion chamber and which is in said space, thereby longitudinally to distribute the down draft of the water, and means afi'ording water flow from the Water tubes to the shell and communicating with the shell at the upper part thereof.

3. The combination in a boiler of a boiler I shell, fire tubes therefor grouped to leave a vertically, longitudinally extending space for downflowing water, a combustion cham-v ber,=water tubes in the combustion chamber, and means affording water flow from the shell to the water tubes comprising feed tubes positioned in the space of the downflowing water in the boiler, which tubes extend up to substantially the horizontal )lane of the axis of the shell, connecting tu es communicating with the lower ends of the water tubes andsaidfeed tubes to conduct the water from the boiler shell to the water tubes.

4. The combination in a boiler of a boiler shell, fire tubes therefor grouped to leave a vertically, longitudinally extending space for downflowing water, a combustion chamber, water, tubes in the combustion chamber, means afiording water flow from the shell to the water tubes comprising feed tubes positioned in the space of the downflowing water in the boiler, which tubes extend up to substantially the horizontal plane of the axis ofthe boiler, connecting tubes communicating with the lower ends of the water tubes and said feed tubes to conduct the water from the boiler shell to the water tubes, and means afi'ording Water flow-from the water tubes to the shell comprising discharge tubes communicating with the water tubes and the shell at a I point abovethe water levelin the shell.

5. The combination in a boiler of a boiler shell having horizontally disposed fire tubes therefor arranged in vertical tiers with spaces between certain of the tiers for downfiowing water, a combustion chamber therebeneath, a lurality of water tubes spaced along the w 7 of the combustion chamber, and means communicating with the water tubes. and shell to deliver downflowing, water from the spaces between thetiers of fire tubes in the shell to, the water tubes from a point in the shell which is above that area 'ofthe shell directly exposed to the combusion chamber.

.6. The combination in a boiler of a boiler shell, fire'tubes therefor grouped to leave a I vertically, lon itudinally extending space, a

air of space vertical, circulating plates 'spmed within the spaces to provide for the downward flowof water therebetween, a combustionchamber beneath the shell, water tubes in the combustion chamber, andmeans affording water flow from the shell to the water tubes comprising vertically disposed tubes between the pair of circulating plates in the shell adapted to receive downflowing water at a point above the area of the shell directly exposed to the combustion chamber and communicating tubes associated therewith and connected with the water tubes.

7. The combination in a boiler of aboiler flow of the cooling water therebetween, a

combustion chamber therebeneath, a plurality of water tubes spaced along the walls of the combustion chamber, means to feed the downward flowing, cooling water from the boilershell to the water tubes comprisin verticaly disposed intake feed pipes locate between the pairs of circulating plates in the shell extending upwardly therein to a point which is HbOXe that area of the shell directly exposed to the combustion chamber, thereby to receive downflowing water from the space extending longitudinally between the circulating lates, and. communicating with the water tubes to afford water flow from the shell to the water tubes.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 8th day of March, 1928.

PAUL G. KAISER.

isposed I

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