US1767614A - Heating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

June 24, 193@ F. PUENING 3,767,614

HEATING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 25, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l 1 N VE N TOR.I fhmzc/e/mg June 24, 1930. 'E PU'ENING 1,767,614

HEATNG APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1927 3 .sheets-sheet 2 INVEN110R.

june 24, 1930. F PUENING 1,767,614

HEATING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 23, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

Patented June 24, 1930 UNITED STATES PATE! QFFICE HEATING APPARATUS Application filed November 23, 1927. serial No. 235,153.

My invention relates to heating methods and apparatus and particularly-to the art' of heating furnaces, chambers, retorts, leers and other structures in which it isQdesired to maintain a' uniform temperature throughout a heating chamber that is below. the emlperature of combustion of ordinary ue s.

An object of my invention is to provide 1o a system of heating in which the currents of hot gases may bereversed in direction by.

simple and reliable means for effecting such reversals. I

Anotherobject yof my invention is to provide means for the reversal of heating gases that shall be capable of operation at temperatures which would ordinarily be destructive ofthe usual mechanical types of reversing mechanisms.

A further object of my invention is to provide reversing mechanism for heating gases that shall be capable of reversing large quantities thereof without unduly increasing they dimensions and cost of the reversingmechanism.

The heating system of the present inven-Y tion is similar in its general aspects to that shown and described in my Patent No.

1,542,)56,granted June 23, 1925. In the 3o patented construction, a piston that is provided with special cooling means operates to actuate the heating gases through the -space to be heated in directions that correspond to the direction of the piston.

While such lmechanism is capable of performing the work for which it is designed, the pistons and the chambers within which they operate are quite bulky when large volumes of gases are reciprocated 'and their 40 mechanical construction isv attended with certain difficulties if the tem erature of the lgassls to be controlled therelgy is relatively n accordance with the presentfinvention,

I provide a system` in 'which gases are 'eriodically reversed in their direction of ow through the 'enclosure to be heated. The reversing mechanism com rises in general a series of .aspirators w ich may be,

for example, -in the form of steam jets' for Aa heating system constructed in accordance with my invention embodies suitable outer creating a forced draft in the one'or the other direction of flow of the heating gases in accordance with the position of the aspirators. The latter are preferably mounted on a swinging shaft by means of whlch their position may be reversed at desired times to correspondingly effect thereversal of the `flow of gases.

The details of my invention will be de.- scribed in connection with 4the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view in horizontal section, taken on line I-l of Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is an elarged sectional view of a detail of the swinging shaft and associated parts;

Fig.' 3 is a view in vertical section taken on line III-IH of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional wview of a portion of the structure of Fig. 1 that is provided with a modified apparatus for actuating and mixing the heating gases;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a further modification of the aspirators and associated parts; and

Fig. 6, is a fragmentary sectional View of a modified arrangement for providing orifices for the aspirators.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and .3,

Wall 1, which may be of'rfractory or heat-- insulating material that enclose achamber 2 to be heated, a mixin and reversing chainber 3 and horizontal ues 4 and' 5 for connecting opposite sides of the chambers 2 and 3. A .I

The fluesl 4 and 5 are connected by a hori-l zontal by-pass channel 6 that is, nin vturn, connected by a duct 7 to a flue 8 extending transversely thereto and adjacent the ref. versing chamber 3. The flue 8 is connected with a source of heated gases which maybe, for example, gases of combustion to be supplied `to the central portion of the by-pass channel 6 through the duct 7.

The outer end ofthe lchamber 2 is pro vided with an outlet opening 9, which communicates withy a chamber 10, in which is located any suitable recuperating device such, for example, as a waste heat boiler 11. Waste gases from the chamber 10 escape through a duct 12 and may be conducted to any suitable means for disposing of them such, for example, as a stack (not shown).

The reversing chamber 3 is provided with a curved orv arched side wall 14, the central portion of which is of refractory material and the outer or end portions of which are respectively constituted of hollow castings 15 and 16 that are each provided with a series of substantially circular orifices 17 and a relatively large rectangular opening 18. Within the chamber 3 is rotatably mounted a pipe 19 which supports and is connected to a series of smaller pipes 20 and 21 that communicate with corresponding nozzles 22 and 23. The inner ends of the pipes 21 and 22 are perforated, as shown in Fig. 2.

As will be more clearly noted in Fig. 3, the orifices 17 are arranged in two rows in each of the castings, the members of each row being staggered with. respect to the other. The nozzles 22 and 23, which correspond in number and arrangement with the orifices 17, register with the orifices of the one or the other casting, depending upon the position of the pipe 19 andfits associated parts. The framework constituted by the pipes 20 and 21 supports a rectangular member 24 that is adapted to constitute a closure for the opening 18 in the one or the other casting 15 'or 16, in accordance with its position.

The pipe 19 is adapted to be supplied with. steam from the waste heat boiler 11 by means of a pipe line 26 that is connected to the pipe 19 by a slip joint 27. Each of the hollow castings 15 and 16 is provided with water or other suitable cooling medium by means of a pipe 29 and a pipe line 30, through `which the cooling water may circulate. A pipe 31 connects each of the hollow castings to the pipe 26 to provide an outlet for any steam that may be formed within the hollow castings.

The operation of the heating system ,shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 will now be described. It may be assumed that the enclosure 2 or heating chamber is filled with devices or material'tobe heated and which are represented, by way of example, as cylinders 33. It may be assumed also that the spaces within the walls 1 are filled with hot gases that have been supplied thereto throughthe fiuel 8. It may be 'assumed further that the nozzles 22 and 23 are suppliedwith steam from the waste heat boiler 11 whereby they constitute aspirators for :forcing gases through the orifices 17 and in the direction of the arrows through the flue 4 across'the chamber 2 and back through the flue y,5 Vand into the reversing chamber 4.through the orifices 17 and ythe relatively large opening 18 of casting 16. The open- .i perature, supplied ing 18 offers little resistance' to the Howof the gases therethrough.

lt will be noted that hot gases at a temfor example, of 2800o F. are being from the flue 8 into the by-pass channel 6. The hot gases flow in the direction of the arrows, together with t-he gases traversing the by-pass channel and a portion of the heat of the newly added gases 1s transferred to an adjacent strata of the older gases until these strata have approximately the temperatures shown in Fig. 1. The gases leaving the chamber' 2 have approximately a temperature of 1300o F., which is maintained by the outer strata thereof until they reach the reversing chamber 3. intermediate strata of these gases may be slightly raised in temperature.

The gases of various temperatures that are received by the reversing chamber 3 are forced through the staggered orifices 17 by the aspirators 22 `and 23 on lines that converge, whereby the gases are thoroughly mixed and the resultant temperature is approximately 1600o F.,'at which they are supplied to the heating chamber 2 and to the by-pass channel 6.

When the operation has continued for a desired period with the aspirators in the position shown in Fig. 1, the pipe 19 is rocked in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1, to cause the framework connected thereto to assume the position shown in dotted lines. The pipe 19 ruis provided with a pinion 34 for connection toa suitable reversing mechanism (not shown The aspirators now register with the orifices 17 of the casting 16 upon the opposite side of the chamber 3 and the member 24 closes the corresponding opening 18. The conditions are now reversed and the gases flow in the opposite direction, the temperatures of the various strata corresponding substantially to those described above. for the inlet of hot gases and the outlet of relatively cool gases respectively are located at neutral points with respect to the pressure differentials, the addition of hot gases and the withdrawal of cool gases is not disturbed by the reversal of' flow of gases caused by the change in position of the aspirators.

In the structure shown in Fig. 4, the wall surrounding the reversing chamber 35 is provided with two openings communicate with the flues 4 and 5. In this construction, a hollow casting 38, that is .provided with orifices 39, is carried by pipes 40 and 41 that connect the pipe 19 to the interior of the casting 38 whereby the latter is supplied with steam.l The casting ,38 is, in turn, connected to a series of nozzles 42 36 and 37 thatv Since the ducts 7 and 9 which correspond in character with-those shown in Fig. 3 and which register lwithl th corresponding orifices 39.

mamie The operation of the structure shown in' Fig. 4 is similar to that previously described.

except that steam is supplied through the pipe 19, pipes 40 and 41 and casting 38 to vthe nozzles 42. Steam is thus employed both `ing 37. The direction of How of gases is thereupon reversed and the opening 36 constitutes the inlet for the reversing chamber 35. v

A modified'k structure for actuating the heating gases is shown in Fig. 5. Two castings 45 and 46 are provided with orifices, certain of which are in registry and through which 'gases are actuated by nozzles vor aspirators that are res ectively connected to the hollow castings. team is su plied through pipe 19 and connected pipes 4 and 48. The operation of this form of reversing mechanism is similar in every essential respect to thatv of the system of Fig. 4, except that a more eiiicient aspiration of the heating ases is produced by the successive series o oriiices in the superposed castings.

In the structure of Fi 6, a solid member '50, which may be of re ractory material, is substituted for the hollow castings ofthe arrangements previously shown and described. Itmay be stationary, as in the system of Fig. 1, or it may be movable with s the nozzles, as in the arrangement of Fig. 4.

'The numberof jets o r nozzles may be varied as desired, itl being apparent that the number is somewhat dependent `upon the size and capacitybf the apparatus.

In special cases where gas is used as a.

fuel, the gas and the necessary air for combustion may both be highly compressed and the mixture be blownthrough the jets instead of steam. In this case, the burnin jets of gas lames create the aspirating e feet upon the older gases," which are in this manner caused to circulate` through the heating chamber and are simultaneously reheated by theI jet ames.' In such case, 4the iues 6, 7 and 8 are not needed. The reversal of the jetsy and the simultaneous control of the two large openings 18 occurs as before.

yEconomical operation of the heating system of my invention is accomplished through the simplicity of the mechanism for reversing'the direction of How of gases., l It is further produced through provision and operation of the two large openings through which the gases return into the reversing chamber. These openings are alternately opened` and closed slmultaneously with the reversal of the jets, so that the circulated heating gases are forced through 'ino' to heating systems.

narrow jets but once, when leavin the reversing chamber. Their return 1nto this chamber is effected easil tion through the one or t e other large o ening. Economy isv further accomplishe by Athe fact that the steam `supplied to the jets is produced in the waste heat boiler and in the nozzle castings, the latter being thus kept cool while generating the steam. lt is further accomplished by providing for the desired cooling effect, which the steam exand without fricerts in the shaft 19 and in thev pipes, cast--' ings and jets forming the aspirating units,

withdrawal of a corres onding volume of.

gases is not affected by t in the system.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled inthe art relate reversal of gases claim as my invention:

1. Heating apparatus comprising an en-l closure to be 'heated andmeans for reciprocating hot gases through said enclosure,

.said means comprising aspirators for effecting the flow of ygases in accordance with the i position of said aspirators. y

2. Heatlng apparatus comprrslng an enclosure to be heated and means for reciprocating hot gases through said enclosure, lsaid means comprlslng asplrators for effecting the iow of gases in accordancewith the position of said aspirators, and means for shifting the position of said as irators.

. 3. Heating apparatus comprising a heating chamber, a second chamber having aspirating devices therein, flues for connecting said ychambers at the sides thereof, a by-pass channel for connecting said i'lues and a channel communicating with said bypasschannel and adapted to supply hot gases thereto.

4. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to bev heated and means for reciprocating hot gases through said enclosure, A

said means comprising a plurality of steam vjets directed at dierent angles for thoroughly mixing the gases to be circulated and for creating a forced draft toward said enclosure.y

5. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated and means for reciprocating hot gases through said enclosure,

said means comprising a plurality of steam jets directed at different angles for thoroughly mixing the gases to be circulated and for creating a forced draft toward said enclosure, and meansy for reversing the position of said steam jets to reverse the flow of gasthrough said enclosure.

6. Heating apparatus comprising a path for circulating hot gases and means for actuating said gases comprising a plurality of fluid-pressure jets for forcing said gases through orifices at different angles to secure a uniform mixture thereof.

7; Heating apparatus comprising a path for circulating hot gases, and means for actuating said gases comprising a plurality7 `of movably mounted fluid-pressure jets ythem through said enclosure, said `mixing and actuating means being reversible whereby the direction of the gases through said enclosure may be reversed. f

9. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated, reversible means for circulating hot gases through said enclosure in either of two opposite directions, said en- .I comprising devices for mixing the for the circulation of closure having an outlet through which a portion of the circulated gases may be with-- drawn and means for supplying hot gases to said circulating .-means yto replace the gases withdrawn7 said circulating means p liot gases with the relativelylcooler gases that are-to be recirculated.

10. Heating apparatus comprisin an enclosure to be heated, a chamber, ues for connecting said chamber to said enclosure at opposite sides thereof to provide a path for the circulation of gases through said enclosure, an outlet for a portion of the gases in said path, a by-pass channel for connecting opposite sides of said path, a second channel adapted to supply hot gases to said bypass channel, and aspirators in said chamber for mixing thegases returned from said enclosure and the gases from said 'bypass channel including the" hot gases supplied thereto and for actuating the mixed gases through said path.

11. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated, a chamber, filles for connecting said chamber to said enclosure at opposite sides thereof to provide a path gases through said enclosure, an outlet for a portion of the gases in said path, a by-pass channel for connecting opposite sides of said path, a second channel adapted to supply hot gases to said by-pass channel, and aspirators in said chamber for mixing the gases returned from said enclosure and the gases from .said bypass channel including the hot gases supplied thereto and for actuating the mixed gases through said path, said aspirators being movably mounted in said chamber whereby the direction of flow of said gases through said enclosure may be periodically 12. Heating apparatus comprising a device'to be heated, means for reciprocating hot gases to and from said device, an en closure from which gases are actuated and within which they are received, said enclosure having two relatively large openings and. means for controlling said openings in accordance with the direction of How .of

gases.

12.3. Heating apparatus comprising a device to be heated, means for reciprocating hot gases to and from said device, an envice to be heated, means for reciprocating hot gases to and from'said device, a mixing and actuating chamber for the gases to be reciprocated, said chamber having two relatively large openings, and actuating means for said gases, said actuating means being operable to at least partially obstruct the large opening on the outlet side of said chamber while the other opening is unobstructed.

- 15. Heating apparatus comprising a plurality of fluid-pressure ets for actuating hot gases, a hollow member having relatively small openings through which the hot gases are actuated by said jets and means for operatively connecting said member and said jets to permit fluid Aunder pressure to be supplied through said member to said jets and to be super-heated during its passage therethrough. j

In testimony whereof, I- have hereunto subscribed 'my name this 22nd day of November, 1927.

FRANZ PUENING.

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