US1751534A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

H. TAYLOR March 25, 930.

BOILER Filed May 22, 1929 Patniea Maf. .25,1930

UNITED STA TES Husson manon, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA Application nled k:May 22 'Ihis invention relates Ito the `construction of steam boilersespecially adaptedfor liquid or gaseous fuels, and its object is to provide an internally iired, return-tubular boiler of this'` character with a combined lfurnace and flue of such small diameter that the combusy tion of the fuel will be of maximum efficiency, and of such length that a maximum amount of heat c-anbe transmitted to the surrounding water.' Y In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of my improved boiler. Figure 2 is a'vertical section en the line 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is asection of a modified type of furnace.

. Similary reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views..

The present boiler has a shell formed of the united cylindrical sections 1, 2 and heads 4 and 5, stay-bolts 6,' 7 and 8 for bracing the heads, a steam dome i?, havingan end 10, a rear breeching 11-to support the rst-brick deiiector 12, -fire-tubes 13 extending between the 1 heads, va froth breeching 14, onto which a smoke stack may be mounted, and a'feed pipe 15 for the waterto be evaporated, this pipe whaving branches 16 to direct the water downA between the re-tubesand theshell.

The heads are shown formed with thimbles I 3 0 20 to receive the ends of a substantially cylindrical member, the front end 21-of which is lined with refractory material 22, such ,as cylindricalsections, and the central and rear portion of flue 23 which is ypreferably circumferentially-ribbed oncorrugated. 'Ihe furnace-flue une structed throughout its "length. The efficiency of this boiler depends upon its peculiar proportions. In -a boiler recently o constructed the fire-tubes are fourteen feet.

long, the shell is four feet in diameter, the furnace is eighteen inches in diameter, and `its combustion chamber is thirteenV in'hes in diameter and about six feet long. Twenty six four-inch fire-.tubes are used, as shown in Figure 2. The length of thefurnace-flue is preferablyatleast eight times theoutside diameter of the furnace. i 50, The injector 25 is connected to a source of fuel oil under pressure and a clear blue ame whirl of the incandescent gases 1s usually 1929. serialno. 365,137.

boilers of the standard locomotive type and 5.5

` when necessary canbepushed to evaporate one hundred per cent more, but under these conditions the boiler does not operate as economically.

I prefer to employ the mufiier 26 for the inv60 coming air as w1 thout the muflerthe incomf ing air creates a roar.

The eiiciency of this boiler is probably due to the small inner diameter of the linin of the combustion chamber of the furnace wlich becomes very hot and causes complete combustion ofv the fuel before it passes from this furnace by reason of the intense reflected and radiated heat. In any event, this type lof boiler operates at an etlici'ency which the or'- dinary type of Scotch marine boiler with a large diameter furnace is incapable offattainf ing. The combustion of the fuel is practical-- I ly instantaneous, resulting in a roaring soundl because of the rapidly succeeding explosions. The rapid. rearward movement is somel what chec ed by the time the gases reach the delector 12'because the gases have given off a large proportion of ltheir heat which action is facilitated by the corrugations of the fine 23 which causeI eddies to form in the gases as they move rearwardly and-thus insure repeated mixing of the hotter inner and cooler outer. gases. The -gases rise and pass .forward Yalong the deflector 12 and pass for: ward through the lire-tubes 13', giving off heat in the usual manner. But the great propor-g 'tion of the original heat ofthe gases is taken up by the corrugated flue 23 and the usual length thereof insures the great evaporatng 9 capacity of this boiler.

The American Societ of .Mechanical En- 'n'eers ,in its boiler co e has lixed eighteen inches as the maximum diameter of iues and as the minimum diameter ofl furnaces. i The cylindrical member which receives the fuel is therefore a flue in the present construction. In furnaces of larger diameters, avortex nr' 'sought for, but in obtaining this effect, -th'e 0 vgases expand-and thereby lose temperature;

In the present case, the gases are forced rear# fwardly by the pressure of the fuel jet and asthey give up their heat to thecorrugated Hue, these gases are compressed to bring up their pressure Ibythe gases that follow. In fact,

the pressure of these gases is kept up until the breeching 11 is'reached.

Gases are poor conductors of'heat and i which fuel is' directed is necessary or even desirable in the present boiler and the loss of I heat incident tothe use of such 'baHles'is avoided. v The small'cylindrical combustion chamber insures perfect combustion andthe production of intensely vhot gases which are driven at high velocity through the unlined portion of the Hue. l f y The entire absence of soot and smoke in the unlined portion of the Hue and inthe fire-v tubes, 'due to the complete combustion of the fuel in the lined or furnace ortion, .makes for great efficiency. This can e more readily understood when one considers that heat' of lthe burnt gases which is sutlicient to readily melt steel at the center of. the Hue. l believe that this high heat is due largely to the fact' that the fuel is injected axially of and into the hollow cylinder of refractory material where it is immediately gasified, and, as it is already mixed with-the proper amount of air, it practically explodes and the burnt gases are at the intense heat of explosion.

If desired, the combustion chamber may be formed as shown in Figu're 3, where the metal furnace 30 is also corrugated and the refractory lining'I 3l conforms thereto.`

The details of construction and proportions of the parts may all be changedjb'y those skilled in'the artxwithout departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the f0l. lowing clalms Iclaim: ,l

1. A boiler comprisin an elongated waterholding shell, a metal tu ular member of Hue combined furnace and Hue, the furnace orproportions disposed in said shell below the normal water'level'therein and serving as a tion'of said member 'beingplined withre actory to provide a combustion chamber, Whose surface area insquare feet lis equal to'three' or more times its volume in cubic feet, and? of suicient length to cause eilicient combustion of fuel within the combustion chamber when the boiler is operating within' its rated capacities.

2. In a. liquid heat""g apparatus, a liquid container, a metal tube ofapproximately Hue l proportions disposed within said liquid .con-

of `refractory material extending fromsaid en'd inwardly of said tube and of materially vtainerbelowthe normal liquid level therein Aand providedwith a fuel'inlet en d, a lining less length than said tube to constitutea com'- bustion`.chamber; said refractory lined portiorrof saidcombustion Hue being so recombustion spacejso, thatY combustion `of fuel within the rated capacity of the boiler is substantially ycompleted before the products thereof come in -contact with .the metallic heating surface of said tube; and means for.

injecting fluent fuel under pressure into the bore-o`f said combustion Hue.

3. Ina liquid heater, having a liquid heating'- container, a combination of ya metal tube within said liquid container below the nor- 'mal liquid level therein and having a fuel in- .of approximately flue, proportions disposed of su cient lengthand so restrictedin crosssaid space; and an unobstructed metallic Hue 1 of comparatively smallwater displacement lined with a tube of refractory material ofY lsubstantially less length .thanisaid Hue disposed in'saidspace below the normal level of I the water `contained therein, said refractory lined portion of said combustion Hue being `"of such length and. so restricted incrosssectional areavth'at in operation the a'rea of and means for injecting Huent fuel" under pressure into the bore of said combustion Hue.

' 5.' Incombinatioin-a liquid heating space; and a metallic Hueof comparatively small water displacement'lined with a'tube 'of refractory material of substantially less lengthf .than said flue disposed in said space below the normal level of the water contained there# in; the lined section ofsaid Hue bein proportioned to form a combustion cham er in which the area of the radiant refractory surface in square feet is approximately'three or more the volumev of the combustionl chamber in cubic feet, said combustion chamber being of suicientalength to cause e# y cient combustion of -fuel within the rated e capacity of the apparatus before th e Hue 5 gases come in contactv with the metallic sur- 'ace of sald ue; and means .for m]ect1 ng fluent fuel under pressure into said combusl tion chamber. ,v In testimony whereof I aix my si ature, lo I HUSTON TA OR.

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