US1743112A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Jan. I4, l930.-

G. BURKHARDT BOILER Filed llarh 11. ,1926

Figs.

#Harney Patented Jan. 14, 1930 G-OTTLOB BURKHAR-DT, OF HERRENALB, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO JULIUS M. BURK- HARDT, JOHN FRED, BURKHMDT, AND LANCE NICHOLSON, ALL OF BUFFALO, NEW

YORK.

BOILER Application led March 11, 192, Serial No. 93,884, and in Germany December 12. 1925.

This invention has reference to water tube boilers, and it comprises in particular a boiler of the kind referred to which may be manufactured to a large extent from wrought iron pipes in a comparatively easy andinexpensive manner, and which combines the advantages of the usual cast iron sectional boilers, particularly the easy assembling of the several sections into a complete boiler, by merely serial connection, closed fire-box, the walling-in of the fines by heating surfaces, a minimum of space and other advantages with the advantages derived from the use of wrought iron as a material for the construction of boilers of which may be mentioned in particular high resistibility combined with but moderate thickness of shell, most favorable convection of heat, the possibility of welding defective portions and other important points of advantage. It is a further object of my invention to improve the water circulation in the boiler, and to improve the construction and manipulation of the same. The boiler constructed in accordance with this invention among other uses is particularly adaptable for use as a small boiler for central heating plants with low steam pressures, though, of course, it should be understood that it is not restricted thereto, but may be used as Well for high pressures likewise.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of example certain embodiments of the principles of my invention.

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of one of the preferred forms of construction. Figure 2 is a side elevation with parts in section corresponding thereto, while Figure '3 shows this exemplification in horizontal sec- 40 tion, and Figure 4 is a transverse section through the upper intermediate sectional chamber at its point of constriction and Figure 5 is a longitudinal section at the same point. I

Referring particularly to the drawings, the new boiler according to this invention comprises the lower series of headers 1 which are vertically disposed side by side of each other and in such a manner that their axes will be 59 situated in the vertical central plane of the boiler, and it also comprises theupper oppositeV sets or series of headers 2, 2 symmetrically disposed with relation to the central plane and angularly (at acute angles) thereto. The lower and upper'lieaders are connectedv to each other by curved boiler tubes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of which the pipes 3, 4 on the one hand and respectively 6, 7 on the other hand are curved in such a manner that the lower ends are situated with their axes in planes passing through the axes of the lower headers, while the upper ends of the pipes are disposed in planes passed through the axes of the upper headers, while the intermediate portions of the pipes are disposed with their vaxes parallel to each other and in planes in parallel relation to the axis of the boiler. y 1 l lt will be observed that the .construction land arrangement of the tubes 3 to 7, inclusive,

is such as to provide two banks of tubes lying opposite each other and on opposite sides of the central vertical plane ofthe boiler and ysymmetricallywith respect to each other and Vto said plane, and that each bank of tubes y comprises three parallel rows of tubesextending longitudinally of the boiler, the tubes 3 and 4 forming an inner row, the tubes 5 an intermediate row, and thertubes 6 and 7 an outer row. As shown, the middle portions of all the tubes are straight and vertical, and such portions of the tubes 3 and 4 of the inner row and the tubes 6 and 7 of the outer row are in'contact, and form the inner and outer side walls of a downdraft flue lb for passage ofthe gases of combustion to the exhaust outlet 1tL centrally positioned at the base of the boiler structure, while the intermediate tube row 5 divides this flue lbinto two longitudinal channels and the tubes of the row 5 are spacedto provide lateral passages between the channels. As shown also, the tubes 3 and 4 of each bank form the adjacent side wall of the fire-box 1 and the upper ends of the tubes 3, 4, 5, 7, which are curved laterally for connection with the inclined headers 2, are relatively oifset in such manner as to form lateral passages for the flow of the products of combustion from the combustion chamber lying abovethe fire-box to the upper end of the flue 1b, while the lower ends of the tubes 3, 4, 5, 7 which are bent or Aro ica

curved inwardly beneath the fire-box for connection with the headers l, are relatively olfset or spaced in such manner as to provide between them passages for the flow of the gases of combustion from the lower end of the flue lb between and about thelower vends of the tubes to the outlet la. By this arrangement of the tubes of the banks, which form the side wallsofthe-'lire-box vand combustion chamber, as-well as-the -gasllues,the1heat of-t'he burning fuel and of the products of combustion is utiliZed in a most effective manner, while at-the same time, as the tubes 3, 4 and the tubes 5 are, by the 'arrangement described, heated to a higher degreevthanthe tubes 6 and 7, the effect ,is tocause an upflow actien 'through the tubes 3, 4 andf, and a downlow action through the Y'tubes 6 and 7, so that a'highly efficient circulation of the water and steain'is obtained for the v.rapizl generation of thewater into steam and Yraising of thetemperature of the latter to a predetermined degree without waste of heat and lat a 'llow fuel cost. The transverse bank A of'tubes 9'to'13, inclusive, which are shown arranged acrosstheboiler at the front, similarly .fhave straight intermediate portions, inwardly curved lower ends lconnected to the lower 'headers and outwardly and upwardly curved upper-ends connected to vthe upper headers, said tubes being soarranged as to form the front wall o'f'the lire place. i

AThetubes or pipes 3, 4, 5, 6, fare-moreover "bent in such a-manner that with the tubes arranged symmetrically thereto they will constitute a clusterongroup ofY tubes of substan- `Vtially lU-shape.

"Theupper'headersfQ, 2are connected to a common upper drum lvlthelhorizontal axis of which yis situated in-the Iplane of symmetry of theboilerby comparatively -broad connecting tubes 14 ,Lthe'lower'headers l areconnect- ,ed'by 'thefpassages or .tubes'lS to acollecting pipe 41'6 'by means of which Ithe several lower headers may be emptied together.

The space produced'by the arrangement 0f the interior Apipes or tubes 3, 4 or by the walls constituted thereby serves as a re box which iisclosed at its bottom bythe-ash-box 19 of the fthe lire-gases ascend in fthis space and enter below theupper headers into'the smoke flues Y " forme'diby'the tubes 3,4 and6, 7 respectively culating current rising Ein 'the tubes 3,4, 5 and ldescending inthe pipes or tubes 6, '7, as indicated by the arrows in Figure l of the drawing. The steam bubbles issuing from the ascending tubes rise through the ports 14 and into the steam collector 15, while the feed water supply is admitted into the circulating current in any suitable way. Y

lThe (front and rear) headers 'of the upper and lower sets are distinguished from the interinediate headers of the sets v'hereinbefore describedby a different arrangement l,of the tubes 9, 10, ll, l2, 13 the axes of .which are disposed in a plane at right angle with relation to the central plane of the boiler. Only Vtheir ends are bent intovanother plane parallel to said intermediateheaders, butsituatedfan ther to the Voutsid'e,so that the'teririinaltubes will be disposed close to the tubes 3, 7 ofthe intermediate headers which are situated v farthest to the outside, as A'appears fromrFigures Eend 3 of the drawing. -Byithis arrangement the tubes of these terminallieaders constitute Vfront and rear walls Nfor the 'hre box and -iorthe smoke channels,as shown inFigure 3. By .using only a limited amount'of` o lire-proof masonry Athese walls 'are 'closed against the escape of "smoke and gases. .In order to provide'forthecleaning of the'smoke escape passages betweenthetubesB, 4 and 6, the upper headers between'the'connections of the ascending'and deseendingtubes 95 are constricted, vas shown in Figures l4 aiidl. rlhrough the apertures lthereby produced 'which are covered upby `lids or covers Q4 cleaning devices, such as scraperS, brushes and the like may be introducedinto the smoke vescape passages between the wall-forming .banks of curved water' tubesldisposed opposite each other andv on opposite Vsides of and symmetrically with respecttto the central vertical `plane of the boiler, each bank of tubes extending above and below the yiireboX vand comprising an inner row of -tubes and an outer row of'tubes arranged longitudinally of the boiler, saidrows beingspaced to form a flue for ythe ,passage of ythegases from above the-smokebox outward laterally between the upper end-s of the tubes o'f the innerrow and thence downwardly-between the tubes of the rows and .finally to lthe.eirhaustoutlet, where by the'i'nner and outer rows will be heatedto different degrees of intensity for the upflow of fluid through the inner row of tubes and a downflow of fluid through the outer row of tubes, vertically arranged lower headers disposed below the horizontal plane of the firebox and with which the lower ends of the tubes of the banks connect, and upper headers with which the upper ends of the tubes of the banks connect.

2. An upright water tube boiler having an outlet at or near its bottom for the dis# charge of exhaust gases, a centrally disposed firebox, banks of curved water tubes disposed opposite each other and on opposite sides of and symmetrically with respect to the central vertical plane of the boiler, each bank of tubes extending above and below the firebox and comprising an inner row of tubes and an outer row of tubes arranged longitudinally of the boiler, said rows being spaced to form a flue for the passage of the gases from above the smoke box outward laterally between the upper ends of the tubes of the inner row and thence downwardly between the tubes of the rows and linally to the exhaust outlet, whereby the inner and outer rows will be heated to different degrees of intensity for the upflow of fluid through the inner row of tubes and downfiow of fluid through the outer row of tubes, a single central row of vertically arranged headers extending longitudinally of the boiler and directly connecting the lower ends of the tubes of the banks, and upper headers on opposite sides ofthe central vertical plane of the boiler with which the upper ends of thetubes of the respective banks conneet.

3. An upright water tube boiler having an outlet at or near its bottom for the discharge of exhaustgases, a centrally disposed firebo.v banks of curved water tubes disposed opposite each other and on opposite sides of and symmetrically with respect to the central vertical plane of the boiler, each bank of tubes extending above and below the firebox and comprising inner, outer and intermediate vertical longitudinal rows of tubes, said rows being spaced from each other to form flue channels and the tubes of the intermediate row being spaced from each other to form passages laterally connecting the flue channels for the flow of the gases from above the smoke box outward laterally between the upper ends of the tubes of the inner row to and downwardly through said flue channels and thence to the exhaust outlet, whereby the tubes of the inner and intermediate rows will be heated to a single degree of intensity for the upllow of fluid therethrough and the tubes of the outer row will be heated to a lesser degree of intensty for the downflow of fluid therethrough, vertically arranged lower headers below the firebox and directly connecting the lower ends of the tubes of the banks, and upper headers on opposite sides of the central vertical plane of the boiler with which the upper ends of the tubes of the respective banks connect.

l. An upright water tube boiler having an outlet at or near its bottom for the discharge 1170 tical plane of the boiler, each bank of tubesextending above and below the firebox and comprising an inner row of tubes and an outer row of tubes arranged longitudinally of the boiler, said rows being spaced to form a flue for the passage of the gases from above the smoke box outward laterally between the upper ends of the tubes'of the inner row and thence downwardly between the tubes of the rows and finally to the exhaust outlet, whereay the inner and outer rows will be heated to different degrees of intensity for the upflow of fluid through the inner row of tubes and a downflow or" fluid through the outer row of tubes, a single central row of vertically disposed headers to which the lower ends of both banks of tubes are connected,

and rows of upper headers inclined to the` cent-ral vertical plane of the boiler and to which the upper ends of the tubes of the respective banks are connected.

An upright water tube boiler having a centrally disposed fire-place and a bottom exhaust gas outlet, a longitudinal series of vertical lower headers arranged beneath the fireplace in the vertical center line of the boiler,"

a series of upper headers arranged above the level of the fire-place and on opposite sides of the vertical center ofthe boiler, banks of tubes on each side of the boiler, each comprising inner and outer rows of tubes spaced f at different distances from the vertical center of the boiler and from each other to form downdraft flues, the intermediate portions of the tubes of the inner rows of the banks being straight and forming the side walls of the fire-place, the lower ends of all the tubes of the banks being curved inwardly beneath the fire-place and spaced to form passages connecting the lower ends of the flues with the exhaust gas outlet and connected to the lower headers, and the upper ends of the tubes of each bank being connected to the associated upper headers and curved and offset with relation to each other to form passages for the flow of the gases from the fireplace to and about said ends of the tubes and to the upper end of the flue formed thereby.

6. An upright water tube boiler having a centrally disposed fire-place and a bottom exhaust gas outlet, a longitudinal series of vert-ical lower headers arranged beneath the lireplace in the vertical center line of the boiler, a series of upper headers arranged above the level of the fire-place and on opposite sides of the vertical center of the boiler, banks of tubes on each side of the boiler, each comprising inner and outer rows of tubes spaced at diterent distances from-the verticalcentero'f the boiler and from each other to form downdraft lues, the intermediate portions lof the tubes of the inner rows of the banks :being straight and forming the side lwalls of the lire-place, and aV transverse bank of vertical tubes between the banks of tubes at one end ot the boiler and lforming an end wall of the fire-place, the lower ends of the tubesof'all the banks being curved inwardly beneath the lire-place and connected to the lower headers and spaced to torni passages connecting the lines with the exhaustrgas outlet and the upper ends of all the tubes of the banks being curved toward and `connected to the upper headers, the upper ends of the tubes ot' the side banks being spaced and oifset with relation to each other to'forin passages for the fiow of the lgases from the fire-place to and about said ends of the tubes and to the upper ends of the lues .formed thereby.

y7. In an upright water tube boiler, heating means, a longitudinal series of lower -headers arranged in the central vertical plane of the boiler, two vlongitudinal series of upper headers arranged respectively on opposite sides of and inclining upwardly and inwardly at oblique angles converging toward said plane, and 'banks of .Curved vertical water .tubes arranged on o noslte sides oi said lane c 1 L u the tubes of botn banks communicating at their lower ends with the lower-series'oil head ers and the tubes of the opposite banks respectively communicating at their upperends with the oppositely disposed upper series of headers, and the .tubes oit each bank being disposed in groups so arranged with respect to each other and to the heating means Vand course of travel of `the products of Combustion therefrom that a certain group will be heated more intensely than another vgroup to provide for a Huid'uptlow iroulationthrough one group and a fluid downtlow `circulation through the other group.

In testimony whereof I aflix myvsignature.

-GOTTLOB kBURKHARDT.

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