US1630151A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

. May 24,1927. 1,630,151

H. T. WERBER TURBINE Filed Oct. 27, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 NEUW" Y' ATTORNEYS May 24 1927- H, T. wERBER TURBINE Filed Oct. 2v. 1923 2 sheets-sheet 2 y g f/mmm Mx Mi ATTORNEYS i llatente-d May 24, lill/?.

HERMANN T. `ERZBIEIR,` OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

' TURBINE.

applicationr 1aed october yas. 1923. serial No. 671,190.l

this character it is the common practice to construct the stator and roto-r elements of a plurality of blades which are intended to be elett-reliably mounted upon ring structures so as to enable a damzfigedblade to 'be rel placed when necessary. in order to accom plish this int-ended ,dotaclial'iilitg7 of the blades, the rings are provided with a T shaped groove having Yan entrance slot through which a Tehaped end of each blade is inserted, the blades being inserted within the groove and pushed around the ring until all of the blades are placed upon the rings. In order-,to hold the blades in properly spaced relationship, wedges are driv-en iii/ben tween adjacent blades. While this structure theoretically provides means for detaching the blades, in actual practice it is found. im-V possible to move the blades around the rings after the turbine has been operated for a comparatively short time, and ,it becomes necessary either to cut or burn the whole set of blades away when replacement becomes necessary. The blades of the stator and rotor elements are also arranged to produce a series oit deflections or reversals .of the direction of the flow or passage of the steam or other` fluid passing through the device, which deflections are produced along longitudinally extending lines. I have discovered that by providing additional guiding surfaces on the blades to produce a series of radially extending reversals or i deflections in addition to the longitudinal deflections, 'that l am able to greatly increase the elliciency of the turbine due to Ythe fact that such guiding surfaces not only furnish additional surface area against which the force of the vfluid is exerted without increasing to an appreciable extent the weight .of the .move ing parts, but also because the said guiding surfaces are employed to deline a series of alternately7 arranged nozzles and expansion chambers. lt therefore is the principal object of this invention to provide a new and improved construction of the turbine blades bv meansof which an additional series of deflections or reversals of the steam or other fluid will be produced along radially'extending lines in addition to the heretofore mentioned longitudinal deflections or reversals.

A further Objectis to vprovide a new and in'iproved construction for det eliably securing the removable blades so as to overcome the dilllculties of removing the blades as heretofore constructed and by means of which `new construction one or more blades .may be replaced at any desired point about the circumference of the .ri-ng surfaces with out disturbing any of the blades other than those vto 'be replaced. i

i Another object to provide the outer ends of the blades with an enlarged or thicker portion which prevents the passage of the lsteam in. a radial direction past the outer ends `of the blades and to also shape these outer thicker portions so that adjacent blades, when placed in position, will contact with each other along plane surfaces in nested relationshipand thereby effectually prevent lateral displacement of the blades and consequent damage 'thereof during the operation of the turbine, For the accomplishment of these and such further objects as kwill be apparent to those .skilled in the art to which this appertains, the invention consists in the construction, combina tion and arrangei-nent of parts, an embodiment of which is hereinafter more speeilieally described and is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, but it will be understood that changes, variations and modilications may be resorted to Without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a side view' partly in section and partly in elevation of an assembled turbine; Fig. 1fl is an enlarged detail .of one of the turbine blades; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a detail in perspective of the blade structure; Fig. 4 is a section substan-tially `on the line v,sl-l of Fig. l showing in a somewhat exaggerated form the gradual ei'ilargement of the steam passages formed between the blades from the `entrance to the delivery end of the turbine; Fig. is a sectional detail of a blade and a portion of the ring structure therefor showing the man--r ned in which the blades are secured to or removed from the ring structure and Fig. 6 is an elevation of the nozzle plate at the entrance end of the turbine.

As Shown in the drawing the numeral l() indicates the outer cylinder or casing of the turbine which, it will be not-ed, diverges from 4the left, the entrance end, to the right, the delivery end.k The'front cylinder head lll) 11 ot' the turbine at. entrance end is preterably integral with the cylinder 1() and the delivery end is closed by a cylinder head 12, which is detachably mounted to the cylinder by means otI the bolts 13. tteani admission and delivery ports 1l and l are provided in the cylinder heads 11 and 12 respectively in accordance with the usual pra@v tice.

rl"he steam entering through admission port 1l passes into a distril'mtion chamber 1G in which a nozzle plate 1T is mounted, said nozzle plate being provided with a plurality of nozzle passages 16 which are inclined towards the longitudinal axis ol the turbine and also in the direction ol' rotation thereof as will be clearly `seen trom an inspection ot Figs. l and (i. The nozzle plate 17 is non-rotatably secured to the cylinder 10 or the cylinder head 11 in any suitable manner.

ltotatably mounted in laishings l and Q0 secured in the bosses 2l and 22 o l ie cylinder heads .l1 and 1Qv1 respectivelyr` is the driving shalt 23 which has sez'ured thereto. a plurality ot rin structures il which torni with the blades 25j) the rotor elements ol' the turbine.

rl`he stator elements olI the turbine are toi-med by the blades 2G which are secured wLthin T slots 2T either formed directly in the cylinder or`in ringsl suitably secured thereto, while the rotor elements are attached to the rings 2l in similar T slots 28 provided in said rings.

Each ot the blades and 2t) consists ol" an att-acln'nent portion Q9 and a steam passage portion .'30, and the construction ol' both stator and rotor blades are similar with the exception that the attachment portions ot the rotor blades taper taltwardly towards thc steam passage portion thcreo'l while on the stator blades the taper is opposite (se Fig. 2).

The steam passage portion lll ot the blades it, and 2li (sce Figs. 1. 3 and 1) consists ot a pair ot' walls lll and 232 substantially at right angles to one anot-he' and which lerininate at their ends in the thickened end portions 33 and 3st-, which define the ends ol the steam passages termed between the blades.

That part of the thickened end portions which extends across'the wall 3l 'forms the guiding-surfaces 3:3 and titi which are substantially parallel with each other and with the longitudinal axis of the turbine (considered radially) while the guiding surtaces 3T and 3S formed by the thickened end portions across the wall 32 extend at an angle to the guiding surfaces 35 and 3G. The space between the guiding; surfaces 35 and 3' and the valls 31 ol adjacent blades when they are in juxtaposition, terms. in ell'ect. a small expansion chamber 3) through which thel steam passes in a substantially lonnitudinal direction and trom which it tlows to the space between the Aguidingl .su 'tace 3T and il() and .the walls 32 ol the adjacent blades. This latter ipace is preteraldy sul:- divided by the partitions 'll) to 'torni in eti'erl a plurality ot' nozzles at), c ftentlingr at an inclination to the radii. lly rctcrring lo Fig. 1 it will be noted that the no1/.Liles torncd by the blades 2 oll the rotor eh ments, direct the steam away trom the axis while those termed by the stator blades direct the steam towards` the ae.

The steam passaec`l l'ormety by tie blade.: an Ztl expand u radually, considered both radially and longitudnally. troni the cntrance to the delivery end ol' the turbine` as will be noted by retcrriiray to Vins. l and Ll o't the drawin v Fija'. l showing' the e,- pans-ion considcrel radhttly, and itin'. l the longitudinal expansion.

'the atlachnn-nt portion oieach blade and 26 is slotted out as at ll tl";-is. l and Si) to provide a T head which is. adapted to be cngacd within the .slots and and in order that a blade may be inserted at any pointv alom;A the circumterence otl the slots`r the thickness ol' the attaclnncnl portion is niadc slightly less than the open end otl thc slots as shown in dotted linesI hie. if. while the side edges ot the T heads, are slightly rounded or baclt'cd oil as at li to permit the blades lo be readily` turned trom the dotted to the tull linc position shown in said ligure. In attaching the blades there4 tore, it, is only necssary to insert the 'T heads oll the blades at thtl places they are lo occupy into the open ends oll the T slots., as indicated in the dotted lines7 and then to turn the blades through an anghol' Sill lo the full line petitions7 thereby ol t\.'iatin Y the necessity of pushing the blades around the T slots Al'rom a single entrance holtl as in llaI usual constructions. 'l`he last blade to be in sertcd not provided with a 'l' head but tht` laterally proiectinc lugs` which l'orxn the T head are removed in any suitable manner. tor example. by chippingv or tiling. and the blade is then inserted and tirmly wedged in place by driving it into its slot in a direction radially olr thc turbine shai't. at'tcr which it welded to the adlhu'cnt blades. )litter the blades arc placed in posi*- tion they arc so proportioned and arranged that they will lie in nested contzuztinqV positions as shown in Fie, il, and the outer meet ing edges ot the blades are slightly .veldel brazed or soldered. to Vtorni cach ,stator and rotor clement into a substantially integral. unitary structure.

The operation oi the turbine is as l'ol lows:

Steam enters the turbine through admit-:- sion portI 14; and passes from the distribution chamber 16 to the nozzlesl 18 by which Vtt ltyll lll-5 llo lio

it; is 'direct-ed in an inclined direction ltowards the 'axis and also at an angle towards kthe delivery end into the chambers 39 of the first rotor element.` The steam iinpinging against. the inclined ivalls 3l of the blade.. of the first rotor element. will impart a rotary movement thereto. From thechambers 39V the' longitudinal direction `of the steam isrevers'ed bythe Walls 32 and also a` radial deflection is in'iparted by the nozzles 50 formed by the guiding surfaces i7 and 3S, and the 'Walls of the partitions 40, which partitionsare parallel to the guiding surfaces 37 and 38. The outward radial deflection of the steam as it passes the rotor elements is also assisted by rotation of the rotors tending' to exert a centrifugal effect upon the steam. As the steam leaves the nozzles 50 formed by the blades of the rotor elements, it passes into the expansion chainbers 39 of the stator elements and .is then deflected both longitudinally and radially to- Wards the axis by the nozzles 50 of the stator blades. By the provision of the thickened end portions 33 and 34 a series of closed chambers are provided against the inclined Walls of which the force of expansion of the steam is exerted in practically all directions thereby utilizing substantially the full power thereof, the reaction of the steam against the inclined surfaces and 36 as Well as the vpartitions et() having a component which will exert a driving torquato the rotor elements,

Trb

which Will supplement the torque produced against the radially extending surfaces of the Walls 3l. and 32 by the longitudinal reversals of the steam. The inclined surfaces also are employed'. in conjunction with the partitions l0 to forni a plurality of nozzles which serve to produce succession of jet effects on the fluid after it passes through each expansion chamber and it is passing` from each respective blade, 'Whether stator or rotor to the next succeedingI blade.

It will be vnoted by referring to the showing of the blades in Fig. l, that the partitions 4() on each blade are arranged with their ends in overlappingY relationship to each other and to the guiding' surfaces so as to prevent a direct or straight'line passage of the steam in a line parallel to the shaft; consequently since the partitions on succes sive blades are inclined in opposite directions none of the steam can flow through the turbine Without being' subjected to succes sive radial reversals of direction and as a result an additional propulsion effect is imparted to the turbine. By overlapping relationship is meant that the outer end of any partition, or lower guiding' surface). is farther from the axis than the inner end of the next outer partition.

llVhile, for the purpose of this application, I have only illustrated a single stage turbine in the drawings, it will be understood that the principles of 'construction 'disclosed are equally applicable to multi-stage turbines. It Will also be understood that the partitions 40 may be dispensed with in the rotor and statoielemeuts adjacent: the. entranceend and that any suitable number of said partitions may be 'employeil in the blades of any of Vthe j elements.

Various changes in they specific forni shown and described n'iay be made Within 'the scope of the 4claims 'Without departing from the `nature of inyinvention.

' I claim:

l. In a turbine, a plurality of statorv and rotor clei'ncnts each consi "tug" of a pluralit of blades arranged in spaced relationship, each of saidblades having a' pair of'radially extending' Walls inclined to each other and to the longitudinal axis of said turbine, means extending from one of said Walls to the adjacent blade and forming therewith an expansion chamber, and means extending Vfrom the other of said walls and forming therewith a plurality of inclined nozzles.

9.. In a turbine. a plurality of stator and rotor elements each consisting' of a plurality of blades arranged in spaced relationship, each of said blades having a pair of radially extending Walls inclined to each other and tothe longitudinal axis of said turbine to produce substantially longitudinal deflecttions inthe direction of the flow of the fluid passing` through said turbine, means ex:- tending from one of said Walls to the adjacent forward blade and forming thereivith an expansion chamber and means extendingr y 'from the other of said Walls to said adjacent blade and forming` therewith a plurality of inc-lined nozzles, the expansion chambers and nozzles formed by the blades of each successive stator and rotor element increasing gradually in size from the entrance to the delivery end of said turbine.

3. In a turbine, plurality of stator and rotor elements each consisting* of a plurality of blades arranged in spaced relationship,

each of said blades having radially extend-1 ing' walls arranged at an angle to each other and to the longitudinal axis of said turbine to produce substantially longitudinal deiiections in the direction of the flow of the fluid passing' through said turbine, and inclined guiding); surfaces extending' from said Walls to produce a series of deliections in the flou7 of said fluid having` a radial component, and partitions extending from said Walls in overlappingr relation to said guiding` surfaces to prevent a straight line flow of said fluid through said turbine and to form with said inclined surfaces a plurality of inclined nozzles.

4. In a turbine, a casing, a plurality of ring structures, said casing and ring' structures being provided with T slots, a plurality of turbine blades each having an atltE tuelnnent portion comprising` a T shaped head adapted to be detzielnibl)v engaged within said T slots, said T shaped heads being of slightl)v less thickness thun the distance between the walls ot the leg` portions` ot Suid T Slots to perniit lsmid T hends to be inserted into said slotsy :it nny point thereof7 the side edgesl ol suid T heuds extending nt right angles 1o the iront und reill- Vfaces thereof, und the distance between suid side edges being sulgistuntiully equal to the distance between the widest portions ot suid T slots whereby the said edges ot s-rid T heads when turned into loelied position within snid slots will trietionully engage .Suid slots to hold said bladesl seein-ehrv in operative position und diagonally opposite corners ot said side edges being rounded to perniit said T heads to be turned to looked position.

D. In it turbine, L plurali@v oi stator and rotor elements euch of said elements being provided with u plurnlity o1 expansion (flninibei's und n plurnlity ot inclined guiding surl'ures udjneent to euch expunsion elninibei' to Al'orin n pluralitv ol' inclined nozzles to directthe inid passing through :luid tur-l .bine into smid expunsion rhzinlbers7 smid expansion elninibers und nozzles being nrrnnged in ulternution from the entrnnee end to the deliverv end ol Suid turbine.

ln testinion)v whereof l hure signed this speeilieution.

HERMANN T. WERlER.

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