US1623460A - becker - Google Patents

Description

April 5 1927.

J. BECKER COMBINATION OVEN Filed Aug.19, 1925 3 Shets-Sheet 1 Sana/v19" n April 5 1927. 1,623,460

J. BECKER COMBINATION OVEN Filed Aug. 19, 1925 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS.

wwa ewwgim i 623 460 Aprll 5 1927. J. BECKER COMBINATION ovzm Filed Aug. 19, 1925 s Sheets-Shee t s A TTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 5, i y,

treat errica.

JOSEPH BECKER, OF EITTSBURG-H, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPIERS COM- PANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A GOREORATION OF EENNSYLVANIA.

CGIVIB INATION OVEN.

Application filed August 19, 1925.

My invention con'iprehends improvements of general utility in the heat treating art in which a combustible gas is supplied to a heating wall, and in its more specific aspects, relates to improvements in coke ovens, or the like, of the so-called combination type illustrated, for instance, in the patent to Koppers1,026,169, granted ltiay 14, 1912, or my former Patent 1,3745%, granted April 12, 1921.

In the operation of by-product coke ovens it is a common practice to employ the distillation gases from the coke oven for heating the oven walls. However, this gas has a high B. t. u. value and is in great commercial demand for other purposes,,and since, as is well known, available blast furnace ga producer gas, blue gas, or carbureted water gas can be usec. as a subsitute for coke oven gas in the heating of the ovens, it is frequently desirable to employ one of the latter to conserve the more valuable coke oven gas.

Blast furnace and producer gas have a heating value from 100 to 135 B. t. u.s and blue gas of about 290 B. t. u.s, while coke oven gas has a heating value of 550 B. t. u.s, and upwards. Producer and blast furnace gas have a large content of inerts and therefore when employed to heat the oven walls must be pre-heated. On the other hand coke oven and blue gas contain practically no inerts and are therefore not pre-heated when used to heat the walls. It has been a practice to pre-heat the producer or blast furnace gas, as the case may be, by passlng it through regen-erators and thence to the heating walls through flues separate from those designed to convey the gases of higher B. t. u. value which are not pre-heated. The latter are led directly from the mains usually horizontally through the tops of the pillar walls and longitudinally thereof, and it has heretofore been the practice to employ the same, distributing fines for blue gas and for coke oven gas respectively. However, the difference in the B. t. u. values of these two gases necessitates feeding through the same flues twice the quantity when blue gas is used that is fed through when coke oven gas is used in order to obtain the same Serial No. 51,120.

heating effect. Therefore, if fiues properly designed to carry coke oven gas are em ployed it is necessary when blue gas is used to double the gas velocity and the resultant friction losses are entirely different from those when coke oven gas is employed. Furthermore, the discharge openings or nozzles leading into the vertical fiues if properly designed for coke oven gas operation cannot be of correct design for blue gas operation, the net result being the creation of higher pressures in the gas distributing flues in the latter case and unequal discharge into the vertical fines of the heating wall. This will result in uneven coking.

To overcome these disadvantages I provide separate lines with separate discharge nozzles for the blue gas so that when the latter is used instead of coke oven gas it is conveyed through its own iiues with its own setting of discharge nozzles designed in accordance with the peculiarities of this particular gas, while when coke oven gas is employed it is conveyed through its own lines with its own nozzle setting designed to suit the particular requirements of coke oven gas.

In addition to the general features and objects of the invention above recited, the invention has such other improvements or ad vantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification and showing for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or in-- stances:

Figure 1 is a vertical section taken longitudinally of the battery in part on the line 11 and in part on the line 11' of Fig. 2, showing several of the oven chambers and the heating walls therefor together with the several gas distributing fines for supplying said heating walls in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary enlarged detail sectional view in the same plane as Fig. 1, illustrating by way of further example gas supply flues as well as nozzles of respectively different cross-sectional areas for supplying unpreheated gases of different heats of combustion, respectively, to the fines of a heating wall.

Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section on the line 22 of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 23%; of Figs. 1 and 2.

The same characters of reference indicate the same parts in each of the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings there are illustrated a plurality of cross-wise elongated heating walls 11 and a plurality of crosswise elongated coking chambers 12 supported by pillar walls 13 which extend crosswise of the battery beneath the respective heating walls 11. These pillar walls together with the other walls form the main support for the entire super-structure of the oven battery and are themselves supported upon afiat pad or platform 1a. The heatingwalls '11 are each provided with a plurality of combustion lines 17 connected in the usual manner by ducts to the regenerators 18 which are locatedbetween the pillar walls 13 and the intern'iediate supporting walls 22. Each flame flue 17 of each heating wall has at its top a port opening 24 leading into a horizontal bus fine 25 formed in the heating wall, there being illustrated two sets of such flues and connections in each heating wall, one on each side of the median line L. Each of these bus lines is shown connected to a corresponding bus flue in the wall on the opposite side of the oven chamber by means Col of a plurality of passageways 26. This con struction is characteristic of the Becker type of oven but it is obvious that my invention is equally applicable to other types of oven, such, for instance, as the well known Koppers type.

As shown herein, the regenerators H and G, respectively,'on opposite sides of a pillar wall 13 constitute a pair connected by ducts 23 to lines 17 01 the corresponding heating wall 11 and when operating on producer gas a regenerator of one of these pairs pre-heats and delivers the gas to said flues while its mate delivers pre-heated air thereto, combustion taking place within the fines and the products of combustion passing from the top of the tines through the cross-over ducts 26, down the fines 17 in the heating wall 11 on the opposite side of the oven and from thence by way of the ducts 22) through the next adjacent pair of regenerators H, G, which at this stage serve as waste heat regenerators. Upon reversal of the battery the latter pair of regenerators serve to pre-heat the air and gas respectively while the former pair serve as waste heat regenerators. all as set forth more at length in my former Patent 1,374,- 546, supra,

As shown in Fig. 2, extending cross-wise of the battery in each pillar wall 13 and located beneath the heating wall 11 is a pair of gas supply channels 29 and 30. These channels are for the purpose of supplying coke oven gas to the several flame fines on each side of the central line L and to accomplish this end the channel 29 communicates with individual fiues 17 on the right hand side of said line L by means of ducts 31 that lead from the channe 29 individually into the bottoms of individual fines and the channel 30 which supplies the several lines that are located on the left side of said line L comn'iunicates therewith by means of similar connecting ducts 81. Between the several ducts 31 and the channels 29 and 30 respectively are disposed the usual nozzles 32, the channels 29, 30, and nozzles 32, all being properly designed for the most efiicient operation with coke oven gas from the mains 35, 36 located respectively on opposite sides of the battery and extending longitudinally therealong. Suitable means is provided for admitting or cutting oil' the supply of the coke oven gas with respect to the pairs of supply channels 29, 30, itbeing understood that the gas supply is either concurrently maintained or concurrently shut oil from both channels of each pair.

Also extending cross-wise of the battery in each pillar wall 1.3 and located beneath the heating wall 11, parallel and in close proximity to the channels 29, 30, are a pair of supply channels 39 and 40 for lean gas containing substantially no inerts, such as blue gas. These channels supply such gas to the several flame flues on each side of the central line L in the same manner as in the case of the coke oven gas channels 29, 30, and to accomplish this end the channels 39 and 40 communicate with the individual flues 17 on the respective sides of the line L by means of ducts 31 and between said ducts and the channels 39, 10 are disposed nozzles 42, which with the channels 30 and 40, are specially designed for the efiicient feeding of lean gas without inerts, such as blue gas. This gas is supplied to the respective channels 39 and 40 from the mains 45, 46, respectively located on the opposite sides of the battery and extending longitudinally therealong parallel and preferably in close proximity to the similar coke oven mains 35, 36. Suitable means is provided for admitting or cutting off the supply of gas with respect to each pair of channels 39, 40, it being understood that the gas supply is either concurrently maintained or concurrently shut off from both channels of each pair.

Ordinarily, when operating onlean gas containing inerts, the coke oven gas supply as well as the supply of lean gas containing no inerts is cut oil; when operating on coke oven gas both the supply of lean gas contain llll) lit) ing inerts and the supply of lean gas not containing inerts are cut off, and when operating on lean gas containing no inerts the supply of gas containing inerts as well as the supply of coke oven gas is cut oil. However, it is obvious that when desirable the control devices for these supplies may be set to supply to the heating walls any desired mixture of these gases.

It is, of course, obvious that in accordance with my invention I may, it desirable, employ additional sets of channels and nozzles specially designed for the etficient delivery of gas of other character than those hereinabove specified.

In operating the battery with coke oven gas'in the ordinary manner, or with lean gas containing substantially no'inerts, such as blue gas, the supply of producer gas to alternate regenerators II is shut oft and air may be permitted to flow into such regenerators in place of the producer gas, as more fully set forth in my prior Patent 1,374,56, supra.

01 course suitable gas cocks and reversing connections of the usual type are provided so that the gases may be used separately or simultaneously.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. In a coke oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto; a plurality of channels proportioned for supplying gases of different heats oi? combustion respectively to the lines of said flued heating wall; and regenerators communicating with the fines of said flued heating wall independently of said channels for preheating the air of combustion when at least one of said channels is connected to feed gas to the fines of the flued heating wall and for separately preheating the gas and air of combustion when a gas whose operation is improved by preheating is employed; substantially as specified.

2. In a coking oven, in combination: a heattreating chamber; a flued heating wall adjacent thereto; means proportioned tor introducing into the fines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a lean gas high in inerts; a second independent means proportioned for introducing into the lines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a lean gas low in inerts; and a third independent means proportioned for introducing into the fines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a rich gas low inerts; substantially as specified.

3. In a coking oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto; means comprising nozzles dimensioned to introduce into the flues of said heating wall the proper quantity of a lean gas low in inerts; and a second inclependent means comprising nozzles dimensioned to introduce into the fines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a rich gas low in inerts; substantially as specified.

i. In a coking oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a flued heating wall adjacent thereto; means proportioned for introducing into the fines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a lean low in inerts; and a second independent means proportioned for introducing into the lines of said heating wall the proper quantity of a rich gas low in inerts; substantially as specified.

5. In a coke oven, in combination: a heat treating chain er; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto and two independent distributing channels for unpreheated rich and lean gas respectively provided with openings of differently dinu-nsioned cross-sectional'am respectively leading into the lines oi t. id seating wall; substantially as specified.

G. In a coking oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a ilued heating wall ent thereto; and a pair of similar pas one oi? said passages being dimensioned to feed the proper quantity of unpreneated gas oi a given heat of combustion to the lines oi said tlueil heating wall and the other of said passages being dimensioned to feed the proper quantity oi an unpreheated J of a ditl'erent heat of combustion to the lines of said lined heating walls; substantially as specified.

7. In a coke oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a 'llued heating wall adjacent thercto; a channel proportioned for feeding the proper quantity oi coke oven gas into the lines of said flued heating wall; an independent channel proportioned for feeding the proper quantity of blue gas into the flu-es of said flued heating wall; and regenerators communicating with the fines of said lined h ating wall for preheating the air of combustion alone or for separately preheating the air of combustion and a gas whose operation lSlll'lPl'OYQLl by preheating; substantially as specified.

8. In a coke oven in combination: a heat treating chamber; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto; a plurality of channels for introducing into the fines of said heating wall unpreheated combustible said channels being operable separately or concurrently; substai'itially as specified.

9. In a coke oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a flued heating wall adjacent thereto; a channel proportioned for feeding the proper quantity of colic oven gas into the flues or said flued heating wall; an independent channel proportioned for feeding the proper quantity of blue gas into the fines of said flued heating wall and legenerators communicating with the fiues o1 saidv fined heating wall; substantially as specified.

10. In a coke oven in combination: a heat treating chamber; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto; means proportioned for introducing into the fines of said heating wall an unpreheated combustible gas of definite heat of combustion; a second independent means proportioned for introducing into the fines of said heatin wall an unpreheated combustible gas of different heat of combustion from the first; a third independent means proportioned for introducing into the fiues of said heating wall a preheated combustible gas; and regcnerators in communi cation with said last niientioned means for preheating said gas; substantially as speci- 'fied.

1.1. In a coke oven, in combination: a heat treating chamber; a fined heating wall adjacent thereto; means proportioned for introducing into the fines of said heating wall an unpreheated combustible gas of definite heat of combustion; and a second independent means proportioned "for introducing into the fines of said heating wall an unpreheated combustible gas of different heat of combustion from the first; substantially as specified.

12. The combination as defined in claim 10, in which means are provided for int-roducing at least two of the combustible ases into the fines of the fined heating Wal s simultaneously; substantiallyas specified.

13. The combination as defined in claim 11, in which means are. provided for introducing both of the combustible gases into the fines of the fined heating walls simultaneously; substantially as specified.

14. In the method of controlling the heating of the walls of a coke oven by the combustion of gas from any one of a plurality of sources of gases of respectively different heats of combustion, which do not require preheating, the step which consists in proportioning and feeding into the zone of COIDbUStlOll the respective gases in currents each independently controlled, directly from its respective source to the zone of combustion; substantially as specified.

15. The method of heating the fined wall of a coke oven by means of combustible gas which does not require preheating, which method comprises simultaneously sup iilying a plurality of streams of such gas to each of plurality of fines of said wall and individually controlling said streams to regulate the heating of said wall; substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JOSEPH BECKER.

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