US1615069A - Method of and apparatus for building concrete structures in water - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT l METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. l, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 D WITNESS.

IN VEN TOR C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF' AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Jan. 18, 1927.

Filed Feb. 10, 1922 l1 Sheets-Sheet E A TTORNEVS 1,615,069 Jan 18 1927' c. BRYNoLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER A TTORNE YS Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VENTOR A TTORNE Y 5 1,615,069 Jan. 18, 1927. c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FUR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Fi 1ed Feb. 10. 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Za VENTOR Mmm 7' et;

A from/EVS Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 1l Sheets-$11691'. 6

nvvEfvToR Bg ygvmbl/ /t ATTORNEY 3 Jan. 1s, 1927.

, 1,615,069 c. BRYNoLDT METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10. 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 WIT/M1522 IN VEN TOR 6 BY y Y@ 2 ATTORNEYS 1,615,069 Jan. 18, 1927. C. BRYNOLDT METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 l n INVENTOR Jan. 18 1927.

` c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 WTToRNEl/S Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb 1U A TTORNE Y 5 Jan. 1s, 1927. 1,615,069

C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 WITNESS IN V EN TOR @035% a. BY ATTORNEYS be aptly summed up as involving the Patented Jan. 18, 1927.

uNfrrlsD STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN BBYNOLDT, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 BLAW-KNOX COMPANY ,Y AHCOBPORATION 0I NEW JERSEY.`

METHOD `0F AND APPARATUS FOB, BUILDING CONQBETE STRUCTURES IN WATER.

Application lcd February 10, 1922. Serial Nof 535,464.

This invention relates to a method of and to an apparatus for buildin concrete structures in water and it has or its principal object the provision of means whereby the usual coffer dam may be dispensed with ,and whereby the building of a submerged wall with a type of form similar to that shown in my Patent No. 1,298,450 may be made exeditiously and accurately possible. In building structures in water it has hereto-` fore been the practice to lirst provide a coffer dam and then to um out the water before erecting a form or t e work. Thls involves an enormous expense incident tothe driving of pilin cau king, and bracing sufficiently to wit stand the water pressure. Then the making of the actual form takes in addition ap roximately as much material and money as oes the coier dam.

I propose to eliminate the greater part of this expense and to greatly reduce the amount of time and materials necessary to build such a structure and my method consists in using apparatus which answers the combined purpose of the former coffer darn with its contained form. Among the objects, therefore, of my invention are the provision of a form which can be placed directly in the water, which can be moved asa unit and used continuously without being in any way destroyed or rebuilt and one which can be made to fit the variations in the profile or contour of the bottom at the different 4locations in which it is set. Theinvention can rovision of a-combined traveling coller and form. y

The invention is particularly useful in the building of concrete walls and piers in water. In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated it as embodied in a struc turc which is especially designed for the building of walls. With this purpose in view further objects of the invention may be r stated as follows: the provision of means ance from a diver and, in fact, most of them absolutely without such assistance.

Generally stated the' foregoing constitute the objects of my invention but others will appear hereinafter in connection with the description of the accompanyin drawings which illustrate the idea in a pre erred form and in which i Fi 1 is an end elevation of a structure for orming walls which embodies my invention with the supportinglegs extended and the forms in position with the concrete poured;

V Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the framework which carries the forms with the legs retracted and looking in the direction of the arrows 2-2 of Fig; 1;

Fig. 3 is a section of the framework taken on the line 3-3 of Fi 1; Fig. 4 is a section 'o the on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectionl of the framework on an enlarged scale taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1 and illustrating the details of a ratchet for removing the nuts 'on the tie rods; i .I

Fig. 6 is a lan section `of thestructure taken on the ine 6-6 of Fig. 1 showing the side forms, the bulkheads and their bracing;

Fig. 7 is a half side elevation looking toward the left of Fig. 6 `which shows the side form in place and an edge view of ya bulkhead; 1 pf' Fig.' 8 is an elevation of a bulkhead;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged plan view of the ppeil' toggle` on the right hand side of Fig. 10 is an elevation of the structure of Fig. 9;

Fig. `11 is an enlarged plan View of the lower toggle on the right hand side of Fig. 1;

Fig.- y of Fig. 11;

12 is an elevation of the structure von Fig. 13 is an end elevation of a frame -Y -left throu h the medium of a series of Comp Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic small scale elevation showing the progressive steps in forming a footing;

Fi 16 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 15 w ich illustrates the steps for forming a wall on the footing; v

Fig. 17 is a view which follows out the dia ammatic showing of Figs. 15 and 16 an illustrates the progressive steps in complating a wall by casting extensions above water on the portions already built under water;

which are worked from above the surface. Where the holes are used, as in the figures under particular consideration, the posts or legs 11 are set to the desired position while the form is out of' the Water. Careful soundings aie made in exactly the spots where the justxnents made accordingly.

The side forms B and C are supported from the frame at the top by the vertically disposed turn-buckles 13. Adjustment of the forms to the exact shape and size of Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic small scale.u the wall 1o be built is accomplished by meansl cross section of a footing with the footing form in place and should be read in connection with Fig. 15; y

Fig. 19 is `a diagrammatic small scale cross section of footing and wall built thereon with traveling wall form in `lace and should be read in connection with Fi 16;

Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic smal scale cross section of footing, wall and wall extension with the extension form in place and should be read in connection with Fig. 17

Fig. 21 is a small scale cross section o a eted wall;

Fig. 22 is a perspective vlew of a wall extension form;

Fi 23 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 but s owing a means for adjusting the forms from above water and means for removing tie rods from above;

Fig. 24 is a partial cross section taken similarly to that of Fig. 6 illustrating a lnodifie arrangement for hanging the bulk-V Fig. 25 is a partial side elevation of Fig. 24 looking as indicated by the arrows 25- 25; and

Figs. 26, 27 and 28 are fra entary views illustrating a manner -in w ich the form structure can be made water tight.

In eases where the depth of the water is not too great I cast a wall-directly on the bottom without first casting a. footing and will now describe this procedure, yreference being had particularly to Figs. 1 to 12, inclusive. i

The structure constitutes in general a unitary, rigid, framework of an inverted U- shape, which I have indicated as a whole b the reference character A, to which are a justably attached opposing side forms B and C. The frame is made up of a pluralit of trusses 10, suitably ri idly braced in bot i vertical and horizontal irections in any approved manner and when submerged, it is adapted to restl upon four adjustable posts 11, one at each corner. Adjustment can be made by sliding the legs u or down and then bolting them in the dbsired position holes 12. (See ig.' 2.) Other means of adjustment might be used and in F ig. 23 I have shown an arrangement employing screw jacks of the horizontally disposed turnbuckles 14 and the upper and lower toggle constructions indicated as a whole by the reference characters I) and llfrespectively.

The upper toggles are each operated by means of a member 15 and a turnbuckle 16 and the lower toggles by a similar but longer member 17 and a turnbuckle 18. The members 15 and 17' extend above the water level 19 and the turnbuckles 16 and 18 are, therefore, operated from above the surface so that it is unnecessary to employ a diver in setting the forms or in collapsing them away from the .work after the concrete has hardened.

Where the wall is not of too great height the frame A, with the toggles and turnbuckles mentioned, is of suiiaicient strenfrth to withstand the pressures by itself but where the height is sufficient to create too much' pressure I provide tie rods 20 between the forms near the bottom thereof which extend through ipes 21 afterwards left vin the concrete. W en it is desired to collapse the Aforms and move the frame a nut at one` end of the rod is unscrewed by means of a ratchet 22 operated by a diver or from above with a double acting ratchet operated by means of ropes and the rod pulled out from the other end by means of a cable 23 attached to any suitable hoisting mechanism on the surface of the-water, The ratchet is provided with a safety chain 24 so that there may be no danger of losing it.

Thepermanent or fixed main or body portions of the forms B and C are of all metal construction but the lower portions thereof, B and C may be made of wood for the reason that it is necessary to make the permanent part of the4 forms somewhat Shorter than is actually required and then to provide extensions B and C', in order to take care of inequalities in depth. For instance. an enti'relv permanent or fixed form could legs are to he placed and the adprobably be used in one location only as no minimumdepth, and then to fix the wooden.

extensions for the deepest part. This part is poured first followed in sequence by the gradually decreasing shallower portions. The timber extensions can by this procedure 'be steadily reduced so that shimming will be unnecessar except possibly in occasional instances. I desired the extensions may be provided with adjustable vertical liners capable of'sliding movement with respect to the main pgition of the form. The extensions may built u of horizontally extending planks 26 whici can be removed or replaced as conditions require. The extenlsions may be braced through the medium of any suitable bracing structure b and c. (See Fig. 1.) v

' The structureaiid the procedure just described are particularl adapted forl work where the contour of t e bottom is more or less irre ular. The form is forced throu h any mii or other viscous matter to a solid bottom and then the inside is cleaned out by pumping before the concrete is run. The depth to which the extension should `be built is determined by careful sounding and the work all done before the form is placed in position so that no divers are necessary.

The bulkheads for a form of this type are preferably made so that they can be either removed separately or handled with the side forms. They are built up in any desired manner and may be held to the side forms by means of lugs 27 riveted to the ends of the steel wales 28 of the side forms. The lugs have inclined faces 29 and ortions of the truss formation of the bul head are adapted to lit against these inclined faces. The bulkhead is placed in position and as it falls into place it rides inwardly on the inclined faces to a firm tight seat. By this arrangement the pressure of the concrete on the bulkheads is transmitted to the longitudinal wales 28 on the side forms.

Instead of having the bulkheadsl removable as just described they can be hinged in the manner illustrated in Figs. 24 and 25. "'Tlie bulkhead truss 52 can be hin ed at one side to the end of the Wale 28 o the form B at the point 53. At the other side is provided a suitable locking structure comprising the upst'anding members 54 and 55se cured respectivel to the truss 52 of the bulkhead and the wa e 28 of form C; the clamp 56 straddling said upstanding members; and the liftin post 57 to which the clamp is se cured. 'Ie post is raised and lowered from abovel by any suitable means suchhfor example, as the jack 58 and when raised the bulkhead is free to swin out around the oint 53. The structures as been described in the singular but it is to be understood that it may be du licated for each truss 52 that might be use in building up thebulkdesired the on y limit being the capacity ol" the available derricks since the structure as a whole, framework and forms including sometimes the bulkheads, is lifted bodily as a.v unit and moved from one position to the next. I prefer touse two forni structures inrarrying out the work one of which is provided with bulkheads but the other of which is not and What is generally called the alternate block method of wall construction is employed; that is, one where separated blocks are cast with com lete forms including bulkheads the space etween blocks corresponding to the len th of a. block, and then the spaces filled in overlap ing two precast blocks with side forms witout the bulkheads.

Where a very high or large wall is to be built which would necessitate an unusually large, heavy and cumbersome form it is generally advisable, instead of lifting the form `each time it is to be moved, to precast a footing under the water by means of a form very similar in principle to the one already described and then in roviding this foot'- ing with a track. On t is track are mounted form structures substantially identical in character with that already ldescribed and in order to move theml from one position to the next it is only necessary to roll them along the track much in the manner disclosed for the building of walls above water in my Patent No. 1,298,450 issued March 25, 1919. The track can be laid on the footing for some distance ahead. In carrying out this part of my invention divers should be used to see thatl everything is in readiness before the form structures are pulled ahead.

In Figs. 13 and 14 I have illustrated my method of precasting a footing under the water. A frame. A', very similar tothe frame A already described, is suspended from a scow 30 and to this frame are secured the side forms 31. Bulkheads 32 which may be ver similar to the bulkheads already describe are provided which can be handled,

iis I F u on which` I mount the rails 39 for the trac alon which the wall form structure proper is ater to be moved. As shown in ig. 19 these parapets may be used to take the pressure of the lconcrete poured into form A. This is accomplished by introducing jacks 48 between tle parapets and the lower ends of the forms thereby relieving the rails 39 of the greater proportion at least'of the side thrust. The parapet bulkheads 40 are mounted upon movable legs 41 so that they maybe raised and lowered out of the way or into position. The legs 41 are' also adaptc` l to set the rails 39.

In order to be able to cast upon very uneven or irregular bottoms I provide a series of narrow vertically movable 'extension members 42 which are adapted to slide up and down in the truss worky of the side forms as most clearly shown in Fig. 14.- In this way I can`very easily make my structure conform to the contour or profile of the bot-A tom. The bottom is indicated in the various figures by the reference character G.

.Fi s. 15 to 22 inclusive have been intro-- duce as a sort of a diagram to illustrate tho sequence of o erationsl as they are carried out when building a wall on a footing with what I have termed my submarine form and they may be said to brieliy sum up my method 1n outline. The work is conceived of as progressin to the right in these gures. First, atthe le t of Fig. 15, is a complete footing form structure in place includin bulkheads. This casts a block of footing l as seen next to the right inthe ligure. The spaces between 'blocks are filled in by placing a form without the bulkbeads between two blocks already cast as seen to the right of the figure. e

The form A now comes into operation as seen in Fig. 16 and exactly the same method is used in casting the mam or body portion of the wall as was used in casting the footing, namely the alternate' block method.

n Fi 1i I have illustrated a step which has not Ireen touched upon before but which involves sim ly the casting of an extension tothe walt` aiiove the water level. The alternatev block method is used here also. Suitable construction joints between the blocks are provided as indicated by the character 43.

In Fig. 23 I have illustrated a couple of modifications of details. The legs 11 'are adjustable from the surface after the form is in place by means of the screw jacks 44 and the rod 20 is released from above simply by withdrawi the wedge 45 throu h the medium of the ar 46 and the turnbuc le 47.

It will be seenA from the foregoing that I have developed an a paratus for and a method of building wa s under water which eliminates the necessity for a cotfer dam and one in which the vform can be set and coll lapsed Without using a dlver. The struc'- ture I have called a submarine form. It is handled as a unit and constitutes permanent equipment` which can, be used repeatedly. The structure is lifted bodily b derricks operating from barges on the sur acevof the water.

In some instances, where the water is salt .26, 27 and 28. In Figs. 2G and 27 tbes'e gaskets are shown between the abutting edges of the panels50 composing a form, and in Fig. 28 they are shown as secured to the abutting edges of the side form and the bulkhead by means of bolts 51. Any manner of making the completed form structure water tight would suilice and the foregoing is mentioned merely as one possibility. When used in this way the form is, in effect, a cotler dam and it will be seen that the apparatus is capable of takin either external or internal pressures. O course, it is my intention to o away with the use of coffer dams but in some instances they may be desirable and my improved form, as has been shown, is designed to meet such contingencies. y.

' I claim: L

1. The hereindescribed process of building concrete walls and the like under water which consists in lowerin and positioning a form in the relatively eeper portions of the water, in pouring the concrete, in collapsing the form, in removing a portion of the bottom of the form, and in repositioning the form in relatively shallower portions.

2. The 'herein described method of constructing a concrete wall in water which consists in casting a footing under water, in mounting a traveling form on the footing, in casting a section of wall on said footing by means ot said form, and then in moving lilo the form along thegfooting to a new position. Y

3. A method of building a wall under water in superposed sections which comprises casting a lower section with parapets along its top, and setting up and filling a form for the section above with its lower edges laterally sustained from said `para pets. y l 'i 4. A method of building a Wall under..-`

mg a traveling orm to itravel a ong said iso - under water comprisin a oat and a form Lemons adjustably suspended therefrom, so that, it

the work.

may be shifted up or down aecordinto the*` depth of water, and extension mem ers on the form walls slidable up and down -tovary lthe outlines of the lower edges 4of 4the walls.

7. Apparatusfor'building a Yconcrete wall 1 under water comprising a float, and aform l structure for straddling the'workinclud'ng5- sidesv adjustably `suspended from the -float and a-llexible transverse connectionbetween them also adjustably suspended from the" float;` so that the form may be-shifted up or down according to the depthof water and' opened laterally for disengagement from 8; Apparatus for building concrete walls under water comprising form walls and a; sustaining frame therefor adaptedI tof straddle 4the'work, with su ports; for sus?V taining the frame from the.. ottomindivid4 ually adjustable for variations in the bottom contour, and means for tyingthe f r'ame, sides together through the form reniovable under water after a castin operation.

` dorm' walls variable in outlinejand 'exten- 9. Apparatus, for uilding concrete walls underwater comprising form ,walls 'and .a sustaining frame therefor adapted 4to.` straddle the work, with extensions [of said sion downward to conform to' the bottom,

l and individually adjustable'supporting legs:`

- for sustaining frame and ,form `walls from the bottom. independently of engagement of said form walls therewith. 1 4

f 10. .Apparatus for building concrete'wallsj under waterbcomprisin form walls and a sustaining trame there or, with extensions of said ,form wallsvariable in outline and extension downward to conform tn the bottom, and means forV laterally sustainin said form wall extensions for the'frame si es.

11. Apparatus for building concrete*walls under water comprisinga frame adapted .to straddle the work, form walls collapsibly sustained by the frame sides, extensions of said form walls variable in outline and eli- V tension downward to conform tothe bottom, means for sustaining said wall form extensions from the frame sides, and means for l operation.

t ing the frame sides together through the fbrm removable under water after a" casting 12. Apparatus Vfor building concrete walls' under water comprising-a frame, with supports for sustaining the frame from the bot tom individually adjustable for variations y in thefbottom conteur, -form walls collapsi` 1 by sustained'by the frame sides, extensipns o said form walls variable in outline and -extensiondownward to conform to the bottom, and means. for also sustaining saidY -form wall extensions from the frame sides...

13.' Apparatus `for building a 'concrete wall under water comprising, in combinai.

tion, a frame, wall forms between theframe sides, and toggles for sustaining said forms :fr'om the frame sides beneath the water, 'with' means for operating said toggles from aboveA the water.;A 1

14.1Apparatus'orfmolding .concrete walls in water which comprisesin combination, a t

movable supportig structure, meansfor ad# justin'g the height ofthe;v supporting'struc-,f

ture, vforms carried b said structure, toggle'sy for adjusting and re'easing'said forms, and means, accessible from above the water, for operating thetog les. f

15. Apparatus-01'- moldin concrete structures Ain water which comprlses in combination, a movable supporting structure, a form carried thereby', means for vadjusting the height ofthe su porting structure, means foi-.adjustixi'glan 'releasm'the form, and means forloperating the e means and the form adjustingand means-from abovel the water. 16'. Apparatus for moldno concrete structures in water which comprises in combination, an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supportin "structure straddling the re easing las ight adusting` work, oppositely isposed "molds attached thereto, an underwater tie rod extending between the' legs of the U-shapedisupportin the sup rting accessible from above the water, for releas# ing and 'removin" the'tie rod, for operating losy `l structure', means 4foradjusting vthe height o structure, means forfadjzllt ing an releasing the forms, and-'means all .-1

the height adjustmg means, and for operab' j ing the form adjustlng and ieleasing means.

17. Apparatus for molding concrete walls in water which comprises in combination, a movablesupporting structure, a pair of oppositely disposed mold sections, toggles connecting the mold sections to the supporting structure, and operatn rods for the toggles accessible from above t e water by means of which thetoglgles-ma be straightened to adjustmnd set t forming.. position and `afterwards broken to Vrelease said sections from the work.

18. AApparatus for molding concrete walls in wkater which comprises in combination, an inverted substantially' U-shaped, movable supporting structure straddling` thev work,-

oppositely disposed -molds carried thereby, an underwater tie rod extending between'r the legs of-the U-shaped supporting struclao emol sections 1n the desired ture and 'adapted to aid in preventing spreadmg thereof under the pressure of the concrete, means, accessibl v Afrom above the water, for releasing said ro ,andvmeans, also accessible froml above the `Water,- for withdrawing the rod after a casting' operation.

19, ,Apparatus for casting concrete walls Ain water which comprises in combination,

vertical upward movement thereof'.`

a supportin structure, a pair of oppositely disposed si e VWall mold sections Serlred thereto, and end bulkheads -carried bythe side 'mold sections, vthe side moldsections.

and the bulkheads having sliding -interengagement vmeans releasable .to permit removal of the .bnlkheads upon substantially 20. Apparatus fof castilgconcrete walls in waterwhich comprises in combination, a supportingstructure, aair of oppositelj, disposed side wall mol sections -secured thereto' havin c -lon itud-inally' extending wales, and en -bulkeads carried by said wales, the bulkheads .and the Wales being provided with inclined en aging surfaces which act to urge the bulk leads to a` tight seat when the apparatus is in use butv permit readyremoval fof the bulkheads upon sub- Stantilly vertical upward movement there- 21. Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water which comprises in ,combinatiom an inverted,'substantially ,U-shaped, movable supporting structure `straddlingthe work, o positely disposed side WallV molds carried t ereby, end bulkheads carried bythe side .molds, and means for adjusting or releasing the forms and the bulkheads 4from above the vte'r; '4 n v 22. Apparatus for eastingvconcrete walls in water which comprises in combination,

an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supporting structure straddlin'g the work, olppsitely dslposed side Wall molds vc'ilrried t eeby, end ulkheads carried by the side molds, and means for releasing the bulkheads from above the water.

23. 4Apparatus-for casting concrete walls in water which comprises in combination, a

justment of `the legs.

supporting structure, a air of oppositely disposed side wall mol sections secured thereto, and end bulkheads carried by the side mold sections, the' `side mold sections and the bulkheads having inclined interengagement meanswhich act to urge the bulkheads to a ti ht seat when the apparatus is in use but wich permit read Vremoval of the bulkheads uPon substantiallyupward movementpthereo 24. Apparatus for casting-concrete struc-' y a movable s'ubstantlallyr inverted-U'-zfzhaIied4 Vsupporting structure adapted to straddle the tures in water com 'rising vin combination;

work; oppositel dis osed mold sections 4ear- `ried thereby; a justa le lega'V on thesupp'o'rtj.

ing structure; adjustable lower edges on the.

mold sectionsJ adapted to telescopewthth'e 26. Apparatus for casting a vv'allA under` water which com rises an inverted, substaul tially U-sha ed orming structure the two legs of whici are pivoted -togethe'over the i straddled workT and an adjustableme'mber at the upper inner side of a le of the U adapted to carry a parapet bul head,said legT also being adapted-to carry a railv for placement on the parapet,""means for -su 1- porting'the pvot point from above tlc- Water, and means for raising the legs of the U around said pivot point whereby to reease the mold structure 'from the vvorlr.

`In testimonv'wheren1- have -hereumo signedmy name. f i

CHRISTIAN BRYbKTl'JlYI.I

Avertical upward movement ture and Iadapted to aid in preventing spreading thereof under the pressure of the concrete, means, accessiblffrom above the water, for releasin said ro and means, also accessible from a ove the pwatelg for withdrawing the rod after a casting operation.

19. .Apparatus for casting concrete walls vin water which comprises in combination,

a supportin structure, a pair of oppositel disposed si e wall mold sections Seure thereto, and end bulkheads ycarried by the side mold sections, and the b ulkheads having `sliding interengagement .means releasable to permit removal of the bull'iheadsl upon substantially thereof. l 20. Apparatus for casting' concrete walls in water which comprises in combination, a supporting structure, a air of oppositely disposed side wall mol j sections 4secured thereto' havin 4lon 'tudinally extendino wales, and eng bulk eads carried by sai wales, the. b ulkheads and the wales being provided with inclined engaging Surfaces molds,

4which'act to urge the bulkheads to a tight seat when the apparatus is in use but` permit ready removal `of the bulkheads upon sub- 21. Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water which comprises in Pcombination, an inverted,'substantially U-shaped, movable supporting structure straddling the work, ogpositely disposed side wall molds carried t ereby, end bulkheads carried bythe side and means for adjusting or releasing the forms and the bulkheads from above the Water.'

22. Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water which comprises inJ combination, an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supporting structure straddling the work, o positely dis osed side wall molds Acarrled t ereby, end ulkheads carried by the side Vmolds, and means for 'releasing vthe bulkheads from above the water.

23. Apparatusfor casting concrete walls in water which comprises in Icombination, a

.the side mold sections stantilly vertical upward movement Athere-l of supporting structure, a air of oppositely disposed side wall "mol sections secured thereto, and end bulkheads carried by the side mold sections, therside mold sections and the bulkheads having inclined interenagement meanswhich act to urge the bulkeads to a ti ht seatA when the apparatus is in use but w ich permit readyremoval of the bulkheads upon substantially upward movementthereo 24. Apparatusfor castingconcrete struc-` tures in water comprisin in combination; a movable substantla'lbr inverted U-shaped ;op ositel dis ose mold sections 4car- `riecl there y; a 'usta le legs on thesupportr ing structure; a justable lower edges on the.

mold sectionsJ adapted to telescopewiththe mold sections. proper; and means, 'accessible from above the. water, for eiecting.theradjustment Vof the'legs".

j 25. A paratus for casting a. wall under water w ich com rises an inverted, substanf tially4 U-sha ed crm-ing structure. the two legs of whic -are pivoted together over the straddled work, a para et Iforming bulkhead at the upper inner si ve of a legof the U, means for supportin the pivot point` vfrom above the water, an means for raising the legs of the U around said pivot point whereby zo. release the mold structure from the wor f .26. Apparatus for casting a wall under" water w ich comprises an inverted, substanorming structure the two tially U-sha ed legs of whici are pivoted together over the straddled work, and an adjustable member at the upper inner side of a le of the U adapted to carry a parapet bul head, said leg also being adapted'to carry a rail. for placement on the parapet,"'means for :su uporting' the pivot point from above t 1e water, and means for raising the legs of the U around said pivot point whereby to rey.ease the mold structure from the work.

In testmonv 'wheren i T have. hereumo slgnedvmy name. f

' CHRISTIAN BRYNOLDT.,

Y emanate ffeprrectiaa i Patent No; 1,615,06, granted Janualiyrl, 192?, U0`4 I j' '13H1NLDT.4 A

Itis certified that 'error appears in theprinted' speitication ofthe abovej *he u `oorrveclzicm Patent- Oilice.

patent requiring eorrectionas follows: f v i for naad and that the` said Letters )Patent shouldfbe read/'with therein/that same 'may tol-tbe' record ofthel case the Pagen, line 53, claim 10, for

emma-madam istdaiygoffuali;

Certcate of Correction.

Patent No. 1,615,069, granted January 18, 1927, t0

CHRISTIAN BRYNGLDT.

It is hereby certified hat error appears in the printed specication 0f the abovementioned patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, line 53, claim 10, for the word for read from; mid that the Said Letters Patent. should be read with this correction therein Ithat the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent O.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of March, A. D. 1927.

M. J. MOORE, Acting of Paentt.

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