US1609680A - Heating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

D ec. 7V, 192.6.

\ J. A. WELSH HEATING APARATUS 'Filedmay 5,. 192: A. sheets-sheet 1 J. A. WELSH HEATING APPARATUS File-3d May 5. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 menton attenua* Dec. 7 v1926. 1,609,680

J. A. WELSH 'HEATING APPARATUS Filed May :3, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet A A van@ Patented Dec. 7, 1926.

PATENT JOSEPH A. WELSH, E DUNKIRK, NEW YORK.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Applicatien filed May 3,V 1923. Serial No. 636,460.

This invention relates to heating apparatus and Yparticularly to steam andiliot Water heaters, the main objectof the invention being to provide simple, reliable and eiicient l means vtor increasing the heating efficiency of such types of heating apparatus, and especially for utilizing a greater proportion ot the heat from theproducts of combustion.

A further object ot the invention Vis to pro- 10 vide a novel construction of means for. more etliciently utilizing theheat of the products of combustion which mayy be, with equal etciency, applied to new boilers or boilers already installed and in use. i A

rIhe invention consists otthe features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts,- hereinafter fully described and claimed, 'reference being had to the accompanying dra-Wings, in which Figure 1 is ay side elevation of a heating pparatur4 constructed in accordance With myV invention. i" i Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section 25 through the smoke-box taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on the line 4--4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a vertical longitudinal section taken von the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 5a is a cross-section through the body of the heater.

`Figure 51 is a vertical longitudinal -section of the same on line 3h-5b of Figure 5a.

Figui-e6 is a View similar to Figure 5 showing a modiied construction.

Figure 7 is a vertical transverse section on the line 7-7 of Figure 6. e

VFigure 8 is a vertical front-to-rear section through the smoke-box portion of another modified form of the invention. i

Figure 9 is a horizontal section' on line 9-9'ot Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a header or rear boiler section which may, be used iu place ot that shown in Figures 8 and 9.

Figure 11 is a horizontal section through a portion ot a boiler showing a mode of supporting the'iue partition plates.

Figure 12is a vertical transverse section through one sidefof theA furnace showing the use of brickrvork iiue. partitions. Y V I Figure 1 3 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a v modiiicatien in the Wall construetion of the furnace. i i

Referring now more particular-ly to Figures 1 to 5b, inclusive, of the drawings, 1 designates the usual boiler Vshell or casing, including in its organization any preferred typel and arrangement vof fire-box, ash-pit,

and Water heating or steam generating ot rectangular type, it is to be understood that it .may be applied to a heater of round or any other suitable form.

In carrying my invention into practice, I provide a brickwork setting or enclosing casing 4 for the boiler shell or casing 1, Which setting 4 preferably encloses the shell. 1 at all points exceptthe front, leaving the front Wall 5 of the shell exposed, or in practice all of this front Wall 5 except the usual openings and doors therein may be covered by the brickwork. In the present instance, however, I have shown the Wall 5 fully exposed and said wall is provided with a desired number and arrangement o ,t clean-out doors 6, a fire-door 7, a clinker-door S and an ashpit door 9, arranged to normally cover suitably provided openings in the Wall 5.

The setting 4 includes, preferably, a solid base portion'lO, vbuilt up to the line of the bott-om of the ash-pit, a top Walll 11, side Walls 12, andV a rear Wall 13, the said side Walls 12 and the rear Wall 1 3 being spaced from the similar Walls ot' theV shell 1. The spaces between the side Walls of the shell 1 and the side Walls 1 2- ot the setting pro vide intervening` longitudinal iiues or passages 14, lWhile the space between the rear Wall 13, of the setting and similar Wall of the shell 1 provides a smoke-box 15 communicating at' its Sides with theme12 erde. Yof the tlues 14. The fines. 14 and 15 may be oi suitable Width and are preferably @extensive in depth with the ,Sideeefi rauf1 walls of the boiler shell and are sub-divided, as hereinafter` described, to secure a prescribed tiow of the smoke, gases and other products of combustion from the lire-box prior to the exhaust of such products of combustion through an outlet pipe 16 communicating with the smoke-stack.

Arranged within the smoke-box 15 is a header formed of cast iron or other suitable material and comprising a vertically disposed body plate 17 of a length coextensive in length and depth with the smoke-box and which preferably forms al liner for the rear wall 13 of the setting 4. This plate 17 is provided with a bottom flange or plate portion 1S resting on the bottom wall of the smoke-box, and it is also provided with a preferably arched top flange or plate 19 which lines` the top wall 11 of the brick setting and :forms a support therefor, `the two flanges 1S and 19 serving to firmly set or anchor the header in position.

The header is formed with a substantially central partition 20, of approximately arched formation, and including downwardly and outwardly inclined flanges or walls 21, covering the space between the same and the rear wall of the shell 1 and extending outwardly to the .lines of the side walls of the shell delining the inner walls of the lines l-l. This partition 20, so formed by the walls or iianges 21, separates the smokehox into lower and upper chambers or compartments The compartment 22 communicates with the-smoke outlet from the lire-box in the rear wall of the shell l through a primary smoke outlet tine 2-1, whicn is located immediately below the upper central portion of the partition 20, while the compartment 23 connuunieates at its top with the final outlet flue or pipe 1G which communicates in practice with the chimney or sinokc stack, and which may be formed as part of the wallor flange 19. ln this pipe or tlue 16 is placed a suitable damper 25 whereby the draft through the heater and between the same and the chimney or stach may be controlled. The cast iron header 17 may be lixed in position by its parte` bearing against the portions of the brichworlr and also by the use of four or more .standard bolts or nipples 2G which may be set in the briclrwork and also connect the header with and hold it in fixed relationship to the rear wall of the boiler shell.

rlhe partition plates 21, which also serve the function of dcflectors, are integral at their outer edges with partition plates 27, which partition plates 27, as shown particularly in Figure extend longitudinally 22 l1nd 28.

A within the fines 14, said plate 17 terminating in rear of the front walls of the due and forming upper and lower channels 28 and 29 communicating` at their forward ends with each other through a Vertical cross passage 30. rlhe crown portion of the partition 2O is formed to provide a guideway for a sliding damper plate 31 for controlling an opening 32 therein, which damper 31 is provided with an operating rod or handle 33 extending to the exterior of the boiler whereby it may be manipulated. rlhis damper may be entirely closed to cut oli' communication between the chambers 22 an( 23, fully opened to form a direct passage through the openingl 32 for the products of combustion from the outlet 2J; from the chamber 22 to the chamber 23, or partially closed to regulate the amount of the products caused to circulate through the fines lllbefore passing to chamber 23 and the amount of the products of combustion which are allowed to pass directly from outlet 21 to the chamber 23 and thence to the lin-al .emol-:c outlet 16. lilith the construction shown, it will be seen that when damper l1 is fully closed, the products of combustion discharging through the outlet 2l will be directed by the plates 21 downwardly and laterally into the rear ends of the flue channels 28 and caused to flow forwardly through said channels and up through the cross passages '30 into the channels 29 and thence backward through said channels 29 into the compartment 23, before discharging through the smole outlet 16, their rapidity of flow and freedom of discharge being governed by the setting of the damper 25. Hence it will be understood that the smoke, gases and other products of combustion which ordinarily pass directly outward to the stack may be caused to circulate across the back of the boiler shell and along the sides of said shell through a circuitous course, whereby all of the available heattherefrom will be utilized before such pioducts linally discharge through the outlet 1G into the stack, whereby greater economy of fuel and elliciency of heating action will be secured. 1t is to be understood, however, that when conditions require, as when a fresh lire is started, both dampers 31 and may be partially or fully opened to promote the draft and until the lire has gained full. headway, when the damper 231 may be closed and the damp Vxr arranged as required to cause the products of combustion to flow around the shell before discharging as above described. lt will therefore be apparent that thc damper Sil, may serre as a direct or indirect damper to control the tlow ot the products of combustion between the lirebox and the outlet 1G as may be required at dillerent times in the operation of the heater.

ln order to secure still greater elliciency of operation, I provide in the lower chainber 22 of the smoke box a vertical partition 3 of substantially triangular or pyramidal forni in cross-section and which extends provide a cross passage 30a.

withV the inclined partition walls 21 to cans the products of combustion issuing from outlet 2li, when damper 31 is partially or fully closed,` to be separated into oppositely 'flowing streams of substantially equal volume passing to the opposite Ysides of the smoke-box and into the-fines 11-, thus ensuring even and regular division of the heat to the diii'erent portions of the-shell. rlhe' partition 34, furthermore, is preferably made in the form of a hollow casting` providing a water coil or chamber auxiliary to the water or steam chamber and communicating with a primary (feed) inlet and with the rear coil 23 through a desired number and arrangement of circulating tubes 36a lfor the tiow of relatively cool water from the main water chamber to the coil or auxiliaryrwater chamber and the back-How of the hot water heated thereby or steam generated thereby into the coils 3, thel said coil 34 being intensely heated by the hot products of combustion flowing against its side and which are thereby utilized as a means for heating a portion of the water or promoting` the generation of steam. The 'element 311 thus serves, as will be understood, the triple function of a partition, deflector and water coil for the purposes described. Openings, closed by doorsi', are provided at the front of the heater to permit ready access to theV `iiues 14 for cleaning out purposes, and openings closed by doors 3S are provided in the side walls of the heater -to permit convenient access to the chambers 22 and 23 of the heater .for cleaning out purposes, such arrangement of cleaning out openings affording ready and convenient access to t-he fines and` chambers for the'removal of deposits aswell as `to permit repairs when occasion requires. At the points where thegdoorsBS are arranged the partitions 27 extend outward to the line of these doors.

In Figures 6 and lf have shown a slight modification in the construction of the heater1 and particularly in the formation of the side tlnes lll whereby a greater number of new. channels are formed and the products of combustion caused to pass back and forth a greater number oftimes before discharge. es shown, the header 17 is here provided with a pair of superposed forwardly extending partitions 27 terminating short of the frontwall of the header and leaving cross passsfres 30', while an intermediate partition 2? is supported either Vfrom the bri'cltworlt or side wall of the shell between the partitions and extends from the front wall rearwardly and terminates short of a ,wa-,1139 to Tall 39 provides here a vertical partition closing cominunication between the rear ends of the intermediate channels formed by 'the longitudinal partitions and the chamber 23, so that four channels 29 are formed to cause the products of combustion to pass a corresponding number of times back and forth through the fines it before passing into the chamber 23 and thence discharging through the outlet 1G..Y t will of course be understood that any number of such horizontal partitions may be provided to produce any nimber of channels to increase the course of flow of the circulating products of com.

bustionas may be required dependent upon the size of theheater and the degree of heating eticiency which 1t is sought to obtain.

In Figures 8, 9 and 10, I have shown a modication particularly in the construction ofthe header whereby the rear wall 13, as such, may be omitted, its place being taken by the modified header. As shown, this header A17 is in the form of a hollow casting, conforming to the outline shape of the furnace body and which rests at its base upon' the base portion 10 of the setting and is arranged with relation to the rear wall of the furnace body to form the rear smoke-box or chamber in thesame manner as previously described. This cast'iron header comprises ont-er and inner spaced body plates 40 and 40', and bottom, top and side walls 41, 42 and 43, respectively, `having flange extensions tl, 42 and 43 projecting inwardly beyond the plate 40', the'flanges ft2 and 4-3; partially overlapping the side and Atop walls of the outer casing and spacing :the body plates 40 therefrom to form with Ithe rear wall of the furnace body the smoke chamber or compartment described. vrlhe partitions 21 and hollow cast metal header. and the side fiange's e3 of's'aid header are provided with cut away portions 4st to fo'rrn the clean-out openings closed by the 'doors 38. Thefiange 42 of this heater and adjacent surface of the rearboilerl section inladvance thereof are formed with semiLcircular recesses to cooperatively provide a smoke outlet, in which a smoke pipe 16 andits damper Y25 of approved construction may be fitted. The spaced walls or plates 40 and40 in this heater provide' a water heating or steam generating compartment 17, forming a water-way section constituting a part of the steam generating system of the boiler for a steam job or a part of the water circulating system for a hotwater job. Such new rear boiler sectionmay take the place of the rear section of an old boiler and serve its function as well as to provide the improved features Yheretofore described. i' As shown, with this Vconstruction the 'partition member 34a is solid and may be bolted to the boiler section ahead, or with compartment 17a of the rear boiler section 17', or with both. The

section 17 is fastened to the adjacent bacl section of the boiler by four upper and lower hollow bolts or tubes 26 which sei've as conductors, the two upper tubes connecting the steain spaces and the two lower tubes the water spaces for circulation of steain and water in a steain heating systein'and all four tubes serving to niaintain a continuous water circulation in a hot water heating systein.

i Screw thread or push nipple joints inay be used on all four hollow bolts or tubes to join the two rear boiler sections together. The section 1T as thus constructed will add inateriall)v to the rating of either the steain or the hot water boiler to which it is applied h v increasing the steain generating or water heating and circulating space, as well as bv utilizing generally heat ordinarily allowed to go to waste, as will be readily understood.

ln Figure 7.1 l have shown another inediiication which inay be eiuployed, when it is desired to use ilue partition plates fornied separately troni the header. As shown therein, l provide supports for the partition plates in the forni of bolts 46, one of which is shown, each bolt having an elongated head et? at its inner end, for passage through a siiiiilarly shaped slot in the connecting web between adjacent sections of the boiler structure. This boltd is passed inwardly through an .opening 49 in the side Wall of the outer casing with the head 4T turned parallel with pho Jslot t8, and then the bolt is given a quarter turn to bring the head 4:7 transversely of the slot, thus locking the bolt in place. The outer end of the bolt is threaded to receive the outer end of a nut 50 with which may be associated a washer 5l, the construction being such that when the nut is fully screwed up the bolt will be held irinly in position. Bolts thus applied may be einployed at suitable distances apart to forni supports on whiclrthe partition plates may rest, and the bolts. incidentally Serve as stays to connect and in crease the strength and durability of the boiler structure and outer enclosing'casing.

In Figure 1:2 l have shown another modified forni of the invention as applied to the construction of the tlue partitions, in which, for example, a partition i7 is shown inade of briclrworlt or its equivalent and which inethod of construction niay be used in forniing any or all the tlue partitions in lieu of the use of partitions inade of cast iron, steel or other inetal.

lin Figure 13 l have shown a iiiodification in the wall construction of the furnace, this view being suiiicient to indicate a construction which inav be carried on throughout. As shown therein, a metallic corner fraining 52 is provided consist-ing of angle iron side and top bars which extend around the front and side walls and front and top walls of the outer casing at the corner angles or points of juncture of such walls and overlic brickwork niaterial 53 employed as a filling in the wall construction, in this instance the front wall. Extending down the front of the furnace are also nietal strips 541-, which may be suitably anchored at their base and riveted or otherwise secured to the top strip 52 and which are disposed in parallel relation to the side strips 52. These intermediate vertical strips 54 overlap the adjacent edges of the hriekwork filling 53 and forni jainbs for a central wall section 55 of nietal or other suitable material, in which ai'e forined the flue and door openings and which supports the line, tire and ash-pit doors. The metallic parts described provide an external fraine for reinforcing` the boiler and to forni coinponent parts of an exterior franie, and this structure inay be employed throughout the formation of all the exterior walls of the furnace. Bolts 56 inay be provided to connect the nietallic .tranio elements specified lto the inner casing or boiler structure. The brick-work ii'lling 33 niay be provided with openings to receive the flue door frames 37 forming the flue openings closed by the doors 3?". rl`his type of structure inay be used whenever it is desired to provide an external casing of reinforced type and inade to a greater or less extent of brick and a inetallic bracing fraine structure.

Froni the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings, it will be seen that in v invention provides a heater, equally applicable to hot water or steain heating furnaces, which furnishes auxiliary heating surfaces and ineans for directing the flow of the products of combustion in an effective nianner to enable all of the available heat to be abstracted therefroin before the discharge of such products to the stack. By this nieans a large proportion of the heat which goes to waste, in heaters of ordinary construction, niay be utilized for heating purposes, ensuring greater heating efficiency as well as a substantial econoiny in the use of fuel. Furthermore, the invention provides a ineans whereby an additional voluine of hot water inay be furnished or steani produced for heating or other purposes. The principle of the invention inay, obviously, be applied to new heaters to be installed or to old heaters already installed without variation in the construction of the heaters as eoniinonly used, and through the siniple building of the brick setting and installation of the parts cooperating therewith, the outer surface of the heater shell being utilized to forni the inner walls of the additional heat circulatingchambers and to be heated by the products of combustion flowing in contact therewith, the construction described therefore allowing old furnaces to be converted to give greatly in creased heating eiiiciency. A material advantage incident to my construction isv that the additional parts may be appliedat a comparatively low cost, to steam and hot water heaters of all types, without the necessity of making any changes of importance in the construction of the heater itself.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim 1. The combination with a heater including a shell having a fire-box provided with a. smoke outlet, of an outer casing enclosing the sides and rear of said shell and forming` therewith interveninglongitudinal side lues and a rear transverse smoke-box, said shell being provided also with a water chamber, a header in said smoke-bonv provided with an upper chamber communicating with the outlet ends of the flues and having a final smoke outlet and a lower chamber communicating with the inlet ends of the iues and having a smoke inlet communicating with the smoke outlet of the iireboi;, a hollow partition within the lower chamber of the header sub-dividing said chamber int-o separate side chambers below the smoke inn let, said hollow partition forming a water heating chamber, and connecting means between said water heating chamber and the water space of the shell.

2. The combination with a heater including a shell having a lire-boi; provided with a smoke outlet, of a casing enclosing the sides and rear of said shell and forming therewith longitudinal side smoke flues and a rear transverse smoke-box, said lines having inlet ends and exhaust ends, a header within the smoke-box provided with a partit-ion separating the same into an upper chamber communicating with the exhaust ends of the flues and a lower chamber communicating with the inlet ends of the flues, said partition including deiector walls inclining toward said flues and having an opening therein, a sliding damper controlling said opening, a smoke outlet from the upper chamber, a smoke inlet in the lower chamber communicating with the smoke outlet of the fire-box, a iinal smoke outlet from the upper chamber provided with a controlling damper, and a vertical partition in the lower chamber sub-dividing said chamber into side compartments, said partition being hollow and forming a water chamber, and means for connecting said water chamber with a portion enclosed in the heater shell.

3. The combination with a heater including a shell having a fire-box and a smoke outlet, said shell comprising hollow water containing sections, of a smoke-box forming header at the rear of the shell, said header being provided with a water compartment communicating with the water compartment of the` rear section of the shell, and said header hating a flange whichV togetherwith the shell subdivides the smoke-box into upper and lower chambers, the lower chamber communicating with thesmoke outlet of the shell and the upper chamber having asmoke outlet to a stack, and a casingrenclosing the smoke-box and at least the sides of the shell and forming with the sides of the shell passages for the flow of the products of combustion from the lower chamber of the smoke compartment around the sides of the boiler and thence back to the upper chamber of said smoke compartment and finally through the smoke outlet thereof.

4f. The combination with a heater including a boiler shell having a lire-box and a smoke outlet, of a header at the rear of the boiler shell and forming therewith a smokebox, said header being subdivided to provide upper and lower compartments, said smoke outlet communicating with said header for the discharge of the products of combustion therefrom into the lower compartment near the upper portion thereof, a member in the header having detlecting surfaces for dividing the products of combustion and deflecting the same laterally in both directions, a tortuous passage connecting the lower and upper compartments of the header and extending back and forth longitudinally of the boiler shell at each side thereof for causing the products of combustion flowing through the passage to contact with such side of the boiler shell, and a valve to permit the products of combustion to flow from the lower to the Lipper compartments without taking said tortuous passage.

5. The combination with a heater; of a header to be attached thereto, said header being subdivided longitudinally to provide upper and lower compartments, the lower compartment adapted to receive the products of combustion from said heater, a partition in said header having deflecting surfaces to direct said products laterally inV equal volume and in downward direction, a tortuous passage extending alongside a surface of the boiler shell and connecting the lower compartment-with the upper, and a valve controlling direct communication between said compartments and arranged to permit products of combustion to pass to the upper compartment without contacting said partition or taking said tortuous course.

6. The combination with a water heater; of a header to be connected therewith, a horizontal partition in said header dividing the same into upper and lower compartments, a passage in the upper part of the lower compartment whereby products of combustion pass from said heater to said lower compartment, a hollow partition in saidv header forming a water chamber'arranged in said lower compartment immediately below said llO passage and having deleeting surfaces to ter chamber in said partition immwediately divide tlie products of combustion and to above said valve, and the said hollow pardeflect the same downwardly'and laterallyl tition adapted to be connected to the water l0 in equal volume, a tolt'uous passage extend- @Ontaining Space 0I" said heater.

ing alongside a surface of the boiler shell In testimony whereof I affix my signature. and establishing communication betweenV said upper and lower compartments, a Wa- JOSEPH A. WELSH.

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