US1698493A - Philip d h - Google Patents

Description

- Jan.' s.' 1929.

l 1 69819 P. n'H. nnzssLr-:R METHOD- 'OF AND APPARATUS FOR GASFIATION original me@ Aprn 10 .A 1920 [ll/lllllllllllll 5 a f l l l lll/111111111011 n lil.-

Patented 8, iegg, v f u i I 1,598,493. UNITED sTii'rEs ,PATENT OFFICE l.

'.HiLIP nin. nanssmns", or CLEVELAND, eine, AssrGNoR r.rol AMERICAN naEssLER.

.\ TUNNEL. mLNs;'1Nc.,`oF Naw YORK, N. in, A ooRroRArIoN or NEW vom;` 'i M'n'rnon oF AND APPARATUS ron GASIFICATION. 5 l Apiinc'aaoa-iiiea April 1o,v i920, serial No. 372,970. 'Renewed mi 9, 1925.

My present invention consists lin an imdeposited, so that carbon deposits are thereby proved method and apparatus for gasiiicaprevented. If and when such deposits occur, tion. Aprimary object of the invention 1s to they Vmay be removed by directing streams avoid troubles from carbon depositswhenA` of steam against them. By localizing the A 5 vcoal is distilled in a chamber so arranged steam introduction tothe particular portions 60 l and operated that the distillation heat -is of the chamber where there is a tendenc to transmitted tothe coal, wholl or largely by carbon deposits, the hot bodies can 'be liept convection currents of the ciamber atmos-free of such deposits with the use of an. pheie which comprisesthe gases of distillaamount of steam, which -is relatively small tion, said currents being heated by contact and will not create any substantial tendency e5 with hot bodies which may be the tire heated to lower the temperature of the distillation .walls lof the distillation chambers' or com- Cliamber as a whole. 0f course the heating bustion chambers or other heated bodies in up and disassociation'of the steam absorbs the distillation chamber. B the term coal as some heat but this is compensated for, more nsedherein I mean to inclu c eat and other or less, by the hydrogen land carbon monoxide 70 carbonaceous materials as we asordinary products. In some cases I contemplate the coals. useof relativelylarge amounts of steam and In dstilling coal in the manner just delthe quantitative production of water gas. In 'scribed there is a tendency for the hydrocar- Some' cases, also I contemplate the prevention 90 bons distilled out of the coal tri-crack, on.l or removal of carbon deposits by the use of 75 contact with the hotter portionsof the sur`- airuor C()2 in' place of steam as the decarbofaces of the chamber heating bodies witha nizing agent. p V resultant deposit of a hard carbon coating on The various features of novelty which said surfaces whichicannotbe readily cut or characterize my invention are .set forth in the burned away, and which tends to increase in .annexed claims. For a better understanding,r 8o thickness until uit materially reduces .the of my invention,however, reference should amount of heat whichl the coated bodies'can be had to the accompanying drawings and give to the c1mml)er.afm0sphere, descriptive matter in which I have illustrated I avoid deposits of carbon on the ohamand described preferred form of embodiment ber heating bodies, in accordance with the 0f m invention. 85

present invention by mixing steam with the (l tlietlrawings 1 is a somewhat dia-A distillation gases contacting with thc hotter grammatic, longitudinal sectional elevation; portions of the heating bodies. The condih Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the tions which cause thc hydrocarbons to crack line 2 2 of Figi; and

` 85 wi ll also cause the steam to combine with cai'- Fig. 3 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 2, iloo' hon according to one or botliof the following liisti'ating a modification.

reaction formulaez- Iig/rs. land 2 oftle drawings show adisg ti ation chamber i ,in the form of a tunnel kiln. The distillation chamber AA has 2 refractory Walls B, of masonry with a kisel- 95.

At relatively low temperatures the carbon guhr insulation B1. Benches C extend along and steam will react wholly or mainly in acthe length of the major portion of the chamcordancewith formula at relativelyhigli be;- nt; op @site sides of the pathway for the temperatures, the reaction'will be wh'oll y o1 trucksD mnsporting @dal {h1-ugh the chammaiiily in'accordance with formula (B2, and ber. Preferably the trucks D are provided 100 ao and need not he further explained herein.

.atwrtain intermediate temperatures su istanwith shallow trays 'or shelves D on which tial amounts of both CQ and CO"w1ll be the coal is placed. The chamber is Aprovided formed. The temperatures and othe'cOndiwith double doors E at its entrance end, and

tions controllingr the reactions are Well knOWIl with similar -doors F (of which only one is shown) at its exit end, to permit the periodic y Under suitable conditions,` the tendency insertion and removal of trucks without any will-bc for these reactions to take place by appreciable influir of air or escape 'of disv the .combination of-'thc oxygeiiof the steam tillation gases. 0n the benches C are mount with the carbon set'free in the cracking of ed combustion chambers H, in which combusthe hydrocarbons before this carbon has been tion isinitiated and-through which the prod- 110, l

A 39 geousl have their walls formed of hollow '.til

he flue J is connected to a stack or other draft producingdevice not shown. Suitable own provisions, conventionally indicated at l1., are made for th combustible gasto at the ends of the jlatter,

flue J. Between the exitend of the kiln and the adjacent ends-ofthe combustion chambers -vany suitable or usual type,

. drawn'.

K which may be of and as shown is adapted for th'heating -of water and the generation of steam,'the latter collecting in the steam .and water'd'ru'm K1.

The kiln chamber is shaped to provide a as collecting space above the passageway 1s a gas cooling system in the roof of the collecting n the compartment maybe withl Thev combustion chambers H are I of thetype commonly employed in the well provide -Patent. No.

own Dressler tunnel kiln and advantaheted. These gases, enter the channels through the openings immediately above the benches C and issuing from the channels` through tlieupper outlets into the coal passageway in the general manner indicated by' he arrows'iuF ig. 2. The special features above described employed to adapt an ordinary Dressler kiln as shown .for example in 1,170,428, for use in the coutinuoils distillation ot' coal were not invented by me, but byConrad Dressler and are disclosed and claimed in his Patent No. 1,509,196.

For t e purpose of the present invention l passages L in the benches C which extend upward and o )en into channels H1 in the walls of the combustion chambers adjacent the goods pathway. The passages L in each bench C are connected at their lower ends to a channel L1 extending longit udinally of the bench, and preferably divided into separate longitudinal sections with a supply passage L2 f or each section, running to the side of the' kiln and connected to a. correspending steam supply pipe L, Steam may be supplied to the pipes L3 from any suitable source as through the branch pipe L5 from the steam and water drum K. A valve L* regulates the su ply of steam to each pipe L2. A steam suppljy passage L is provided for each of the combustion chamber channels II flirou'ghout the portion of the distillation e introduction of air 'andV the combustion .chambers remotefrom the the Aeposits olf-solid carbon'on the walls of .i

the channels H.

In' the normal intended use of the appara`4 Ytus, the trueksD are moved slowlygthrengh t e kiln and the coal carried in the trayQ1 on' each truck D, is gradually increased" temperatureas the-truck moves from theentrance end of the he portion along-k -side the end of the` combustion chambers at which combustion is initiated.l As the-coal eats up, the gases and vapors are distilled o ut of the 4coal and as these gases and vapors are generated they are withdrawn through the `various outlets A1". The transfer of heat from the combustion chambers to the coal is brought about by the convection eurrents of the kiln atmosphere as previously indicated. As'eaeh truck passes away from the combustion chambers y the truck begins to cool, andthe generation of gases and vapors cease. -The injection of steam into the mosthighly heated c iannels from the passages L, in relatively prevents the formation of solid carbon particles and the deposit ofthe latter upon the walls of the channels H1. If', for a time, the steam supply be interrupted, or be insufficient in amount to prevent the deposit of carbon on the walls of the chan- H1, any deposit of carbon on the chan- `moved by supplying sufficient steam to the passages L tor a short geously sight holes M are provided to permit the inspection of the latter from time to time, to determine from their appearance whether the proper amount of steam is being. supplied through the passage L. l

instead of supplying steam to the kiln in relatively small amounts for the purpose of preventing carbon deposits vfrom the cracked gases of distillation, I contemplate in some cases, the introduction of steam in relatively large amounts to secure a quantitative yield of water gas for the unvaporperiod. Advantaizcd coke residue of the coal introduced into the kiln. v

For example, the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2, it suitably proportioned for the purpose, may be so operated that the coal in each car intothe channels H1 Y will be thoroughly coked, at least at its surface, while there is a. considerable portion of the kiln zone containing combustion cha1nbers, still to be transversed by the car. In such ease, steam admitted to the combustion chamber passages Ill along which the car still has to pass will be superheat-ed as it rises through those passages and will then pass into contact with the hot coke and will react with the latter to form water gas. To

insure a quantitative conversion ofthe steam into water gas itwill be necessary, of course,`

to prevent the steam or any considera ble portion thereof from passing-directly to the gas o utlet's from the'tops of the passages-H1 to which it lis'supplied; 'lfhis `may beaccomplished, -for exam-ple losing some of the outlets. so that the onli/ets for the watergas are appreciabl-y nearer the exit end .ofthe kiln than are the passages H1 supplied with steam for the manufacture of water gas. Under suchcircumstances, the path of gas flow between the point of steam admission and the .outlet for Water gas will be a spiral Qi several turns, the up-lowside of each turn b, ing through passages H1 wherein the steam and gas are heated and the down flow side of each tprn being through the goods space wherein 'the' steam or other gas is cooled. This spiral flow is a naturaliconvection eurient phenomenon and as a result of it, any

.molecule of-steam not converted into water gas'on its first downward passage in contact with the coal, may be so converted on a subsequent downward passage.

If the proper amount of steam is" 'supplied and the combustion chambers supply sullicient heat, all the carbon in the coke and all the steam supplied may be eventual-ly converted into water gas. The consumption of coke in the manufacture of water gas is an endothermic reaction in which heat is absorhd. It is to be noted that the supply of heat to t-he coke by the superheated steam and hot water gas mixed with the coke as well as the coke consumption and consequent coke cooling are both surface actions. The cooling of the coke b its reaction with the steam angments the e ectiveness ot the convection current heat equalizing reaction in the-kiln chamber.

It will be apparent to those skilled in 'the art that the 'characteristic Dressler kiln combustion chamber construction shown in Figs. l and 2, is especially adapted for use in cai'- rying out the described methods, but these methods may be carried out in any type of -muiile heated kilns. In Fig. 3 I have illustrated, by way of example, another type. of kiln adapted for carrying out'the invention in its broader aspects. The kiln :shown in F ig, 8 differs from. that shown in Figs. 1 and.

2 in that combustion occurs in, or hot gases flow through ducts HA in the side walls of the kiln and heat is transmitted to thekiln atmosphere only romthe inner walls H2 of the ducts HA. A. barrier or partition wall P in Yfront of the duct wall Hz provides al vertical channel P open at top and bottom for directing the convection c urrent circulation of thejchamber atmospherfnpward ast the wall H-'f With lthis arrangement in]ect steam'intothe bottoms of th'e channel P through. :w esL which may be similar to the; '1

scribed and be supplied with' steam in' the saine manner.

Having n'ow described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secureby Lettersl Patent, is: y

1. The method of making water gas in a tunnel kiln, which consists inpassing coke through the kiln passageway, supplying steam to the kiln passageway and transmitting heat to the coke 'from'an enclosed' source of heat at the sides of the passageway by' convection 'currents of the kiln atmosphere.

2. The method 'of distilling coal in a continuous tunnel kilnwhich comprises passing coal through the kiln passageway, transmit'- ting heat tothe coal by'nirculating-the kiln atmosphere through "a space partially separated from said passageway and wherein the circulating atmosphere 1s heated, returning the heated atmosphereto the kilnlpassageway and mixing a decarbonizing fluid with the portion of. the kiln atmosphere passingthrough said separated space.

3. The method of distilling coal in a continuous tunnel kiln which comprises'passing coal through the kil-n passageway, transmittingheat to the coal by circulating the kiln atmosphere through a". space partially sep# arated from said passageway and-'wherein the circulating atmosphere is heated, returningtheheated atmosphere to the kiln passageway and'mixing steam withthe portion of thev4 i. kiln atmosphere passing through said separated space. v

4. The method of distilling 'coalin a continuous tunnel kiln which comprises passing coalcontinuously 'through the main `kiln assageway in intimate contact with the iln chamber atmosphere, circulating the chamber atmosphere transversely of the kiln passageway and in contact with a heated surface at the side ofthe passageway, and mixing a decarbonizing fluid with the port-ion of' the chamber atmosphere contacting 4,with the heated surface tp eliminate carbon deposits.

5. A continuous tunnel kiln comprising a kiln chamber having 'a goods'passageway therethrough, an enclosed heating means ,at

the side ofsaid passageway, a passage adjacent said means and connected to said goods passageway to permit the circulation of the kiln atmosphere therethrough in contact with said means, and provisions for passinor ailuid decarbonizing agent into said cham er.

6. A continuous tunnel kiln comprising a kiln chamber having 'a goods passageway therethrough, an enclosed heating means at the side of said passageway, a passagev adja-4 cent said means and connected to said goods passageway to permit the circulation of the 1kil n atmosphere therethrough in contact with aid'means, and provisions for passing steam into saidchamber-'at point-sadjacent said` means. l a

7. A tunnel kiln comprising a. kiln chamher and a combustion chamber theiiein at the side of a goods passageway through the kiln chamber, said 'combustion cham'bei having an open ended channeljin a .Wall thereof and'V ,"provisions for injecting a luidzagent into modify the kiln' chamber` atl- 'said channel to mosphere. f ,v

8. A tunnel kiln comprising a kiln chamber and a coiuntiustion chamber therein at each 1o side ol a goodszpassageway through vthe/kiln cl'iainber, ea-'chl'of said combustioncha ers having open ended channels inthe walls there. of and provisionsforinJeotmg steaminto saldA channels.- e

9. Apparatus for the continuous carboniza- ,tion of coal comprising in combination a tun-.

/nel kiln chamber having a central passave therein, means for moving coal continuously through said passage, a separate combustion .20 chamber structure extending longitudinally of said chamberadjacent said passage, channels formed 1n said combustion chamber struci l .a

ture at theside of'an'd connected `to said passage, and lr'neansfor injecting a fluid decar bonizingagent into said chamber in proximity ture. p ,i I

10. Apparatus 4for thecontinuous carboni.L

'to thehighly heated portions of the kiln struczation of coal comprising in combinations.

tunnel ki'ln chamber havinga central passa e therein, means for moving coal continucrns` y through said passage, a. combustion chainr structure extending longitudinally of id chamber at the .sides of said passage,- a .ver-4 v to eliminate carbon deposits in said chamberv- Signed at Detroitl in the county of Vayne and State of Michigan this 5th day of April A.D.1920.. l l w PHILIP nH. DRESSLER-

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