US1690378A - Treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating thereon - Google Patents
Treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating thereon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1690378A US1690378A US744291A US74429124A US1690378A US 1690378 A US1690378 A US 1690378A US 744291 A US744291 A US 744291A US 74429124 A US74429124 A US 74429124A US 1690378 A US1690378 A US 1690378A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- produce
- treatment
- metal
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 35
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title description 5
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
- C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating.
- the object of this invention is to produce in a relatively short time a heavy, smooth, durable protective coating of black iron oxide which will be very adherent to the metallic surface and which will render the metal upon which it is applied rustproof and non-corrosive.
- the parts to which the protective coating is to be applied are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere of steam at a relatively high but constant or rising temperature and the oxidizing character of the at mosphere periodically increased.
- This is accomplished Ky the admission of steam and by decreasing the concentration of the hydrogen which isformed by the reaction of the steam and the iron.
- the reduction of hydrogen concentration may be accomplished by burning out the hydrogen by the admission of air or oxygen or by purging out the furnace with a neutral gas such as nitrogen. Since an excess of uncombined oxygen is not conducive to the production of a desirable coating, it is removed by any suitable meansif it is permitted to enter the treating furnace.
- Carbon dioxide may be substituted for steam as the oxidizing agent in the format-ion of the iron oxide coating in which case carbon monoxide is produced as a by product instead of hydrogen. Its concentration may be controlled in any of the ways above described.
- the details of the process may vary depending upon the equipment which is employed. It is preferably to employ an electric furnace having a muflie which can be closed sufiicient- 1y tight so that a positive pressure can be maintained therein.
- an electric-muflle furnace of this type large enough to accommodate 800 pounds of parts is used, the details of the process may be carried on as follows:
- the perm to be treated are loaded in a rack and inserted in the muflle when a thermocouple inside the muflle registers a temperature of approximately 1400 F., about Application filed October 17 1924. Serial No.,744,2 91.
- thermocouple When the charge is placed in the muflle of the furnace, the temperature as indicated by the thermocouple is lowered thereby.
- the temperature of the load of parts as indicated by the above mentioned thermocouple which is "in close proximity to them is gradually raised until they have reached approximately the origmal temperature of the mufile, when-a small amountof steam is admitted thereto.
- the amount of steam admitted may be controlled in any suitable maner, but good results may be obtained when of a turn on a steam needle valve is made, the pressure of the steam controlled by the valve being 90 pounds.
- the steam is retained in the mufile and the parts are kept at a'temperature of about 142O F. which is the normal operating temperature of the furnace. At this temperature the hydrocarbon oil is vaporized and the at mosphere becomes one of mixed steam and vaporous hydrocarbon. The parts are allowed to remain for about 40 minutes in this atmosphere and are then withdrawn.
- An oxide coating produced in this manner is smooth, very adherent, and entirely lacking in such defects as cracks, pin holes and discolorations.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 6, 19 28.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- FRANKLIN BLISS RINCK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
TREATMENT OI IERROUS METALS TO PRODUCE A PROTECTIVE COATING THEREON.
No Drawing.
This invention relates to the treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating.
thereon, and more particularly'to improvements in the treatment of such materials by the method known as BowerBarifing.
The object of this invention is to produce in a relatively short time a heavy, smooth, durable protective coating of black iron oxide which will be very adherent to the metallic surface and which will render the metal upon which it is applied rustproof and non-corrosive.
In accordance with the general features of the invention, the parts to which the protective coating is to be applied are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere of steam at a relatively high but constant or rising temperature and the oxidizing character of the at mosphere periodically increased. This is accomplished Ky the admission of steam and by decreasing the concentration of the hydrogen which isformed by the reaction of the steam and the iron. The reduction of hydrogen concentration may be accomplished by burning out the hydrogen by the admission of air or oxygen or by purging out the furnace with a neutral gas such as nitrogen. Since an excess of uncombined oxygen is not conducive to the production of a desirable coating, it is removed by any suitable meansif it is permitted to enter the treating furnace. This may be accomplished by introducing into the furnace a hydrocarbon which reacts chemically with the oxygen'in the furnace atmoshere. p Carbon dioxide may be substituted for steam as the oxidizing agent in the format-ion of the iron oxide coating in which case carbon monoxide is produced as a by product instead of hydrogen. Its concentration may be controlled in any of the ways above described.
The details of the process may vary depending upon the equipment which is employed. It is preferably to employ an electric furnace having a muflie which can be closed sufiicient- 1y tight so that a positive pressure can be maintained therein. When an electric-muflle furnace of this type, large enough to accommodate 800 pounds of parts is used, the details of the process may be carried on as follows:
The perm to be treated are loaded in a rack and inserted in the muflle when a thermocouple inside the muflle registers a temperature of approximately 1400 F., about Application filed October 17 1924. Serial No.,744,2 91.
pint of hydrocarbon oil being placed in a container in the mufile with the iron parts. When the charge is placed in the muflle of the furnace, the temperature as indicated by the thermocouple is lowered thereby. The temperature of the load of parts as indicated by the above mentioned thermocouple which is "in close proximity to them is gradually raised until they have reached approximately the origmal temperature of the mufile, when-a small amountof steam is admitted thereto. The amount of steam admitted may be controlled in any suitable maner, but good results may be obtained when of a turn on a steam needle valve is made, the pressure of the steam controlled by the valve being 90 pounds. The steam'is superheated before entering the mufile so that its temperature is practically equal to the temperature of the mufile before it is finally introduced therein and during the process the amount of steam entering the mufiie is gradually increased. More specifically, in 10 minutes after first turning on the steam, the needle valve is advanced to of a turn and at the end of another 10 minutes to 4 of a. turn. ,This latter condition is maintained for another 20 minutes when the door of the muflle is opened to permit the hydrogen in the muflle to burn. A small amount of hydrocarbon oil, 4 pint when 800 pounds of parts is being treated, is again placed in the muflle of the furnace and the door immediately closed. During this time the steam is retained in the mufile and the parts are kept at a'temperature of about 142O F. which is the normal operating temperature of the furnace. At this temperature the hydrocarbon oil is vaporized and the at mosphere becomes one of mixed steam and vaporous hydrocarbon. The parts are allowed to remain for about 40 minutes in this atmosphere and are then withdrawn.
An oxide coating produced in this manner is smooth, very adherent, and entirely lacking in such defects as cracks, pin holes and discolorations.
What is claimed is:
1. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature which is not appreciably lowered during the process, and simultaneously therewith increasing the oxidizing character of said atmosphere.
2. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere and maintaining the temperature thereof substantially constant during the process to avoid soaking the metal for an appreciable length of time at more than one temperature.
3. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in initially subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere at a predetermined temperature, maintaining the temperature substantially constant when a predetermined intensity is reached, and simultaneously therewith removing hydrogen from the oxidizing atmosphere.
4. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere of steam, and gradually increasing the amount of said steam in said oxidizing atmosphere.
5. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere of super-heated steam, gradually increasing the amount of said steam in said oxidizing atmosphere, and simultaneously therewith decreasing the amount of hydrogen in said oxidizing atmosphere.
6. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in initially subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere of super-heated steam at an elevated temperature, maintaining the temperature constant when a predetermined intensity has been reached, and simultaneously therewith reducing the amount of hydrogen in said oxidizing atmosphere.
7. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to an oxidizing atmosphere of steam. and simultaneously reducing the hydrogen concentration, increasing the amount of said steam and introducing hydrocarbon into said oxidizing atmosphere while said metal is being subjected thereto.
8. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists inheating said metal in an air tight container in the presence of steam, gradually increasing the amountof steam in the contain-' er, removing the uncombined hydrogen therefrom, and introducing a hydrocarbon oil.
9. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in heating said metal in an air tight container in the presence of steam, gradually increasing the amount of steam in the container, removing the uncombined hy-v drogen therefrom, and subjecting the metal to an atmosphere of steam and vaporous hydrocarbon.
10. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal to it gradually increasing amount of super-heated steam in a container. and introducing hydrocarbon oil into the container.
11. The treatment of a ferrous metal to produce a protective oxide coating thereon, which consists in subjecting said metal in a container to a gradually increasing amount of steam and simultaneously decreasing the hydrogen content, and introducing hydrocarbon oil into the container.
12. The process of treating ferrous metal to render it rust-proof or non-corrosive,
which consists in subjecting the metal im-- mediately to an elevated temperature, progressively introducing an oxidizing medium, and contemporaneously therewith reducing the hydrogen content in the resulting oxidizing atmosphere.
13. The process of treating ferrous metal to render it rust-proof or non-corrosive, which consists in subjecting the metal immediately to an elevated temperature, progressively introducing an oxidizing medium in increasing amounts, and neutralizing the hydrogen content of the resulting oxidizing atmosphere.
14. The process of treating ferrous metal to render it rust-proof or non-corrosive, which consists in subjecting the metal immediatelv to an elevated temperature which is maintained substantially constant throughout the process, progressively introducing in increasing amounts an oxidizing medium, and contemporaneously therewith reducing the hydrogen content in the resulting oxidizing atmosphere.
In witness whereof, I hereuntosubscribe my name this 29 day of September A. D.,
FRANKLIN BLISS RINCK.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US744291A US1690378A (en) | 1924-10-17 | 1924-10-17 | Treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating thereon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US744291A US1690378A (en) | 1924-10-17 | 1924-10-17 | Treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating thereon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1690378A true US1690378A (en) | 1928-11-06 |
Family
ID=24992166
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US744291A Expired - Lifetime US1690378A (en) | 1924-10-17 | 1924-10-17 | Treatment of ferrous metals to produce a protective coating thereon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1690378A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4141759A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1979-02-27 | Uranit Uran-Isotopentrennungs-Gesellschaft Mbh | Process for the formation of an anticorrosive, oxide layer on maraging steels |
| US20090068488A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-03-12 | Mesabi Nugget Llc | Granulated metallic iron superior in rust resistance and method for producing the same |
| US9366230B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-06-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for reducing loads acting on a wind turbine in response to transient wind conditions |
-
1924
- 1924-10-17 US US744291A patent/US1690378A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4141759A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1979-02-27 | Uranit Uran-Isotopentrennungs-Gesellschaft Mbh | Process for the formation of an anticorrosive, oxide layer on maraging steels |
| US20090068488A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-03-12 | Mesabi Nugget Llc | Granulated metallic iron superior in rust resistance and method for producing the same |
| US8187359B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2012-05-29 | Mesabi Nugget Llc | Granulated metallic iron superior in rust resistance and method for producing the same |
| US9366230B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-06-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for reducing loads acting on a wind turbine in response to transient wind conditions |
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