US1680161A - Addition material for ferrous metals - Google Patents

Description

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RAUL D. MERIGA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND THOMAS H. W'IC nn, on smnn,

NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO THE INTERNATIONAL NlCKEL COMP, F NEW ADDITION MATERIAL FOR'EER'US ALS.

Ito Drawing.

;Our invention relates to the adding of nickel to cast irons or steels, and is designed especially to overcome the dificulty arising from the high melting point of nickel, particularly as compared to cast iron and-other nickel is added to the molten cast iron in the ladle, 'it has been dificult to prevent segregation on account of incompletemelting of the nickel, and also in some'cases there has been a tendency'to produce blow-holes. Our invention is designed to overcome these dificulties which are due mainlyto the fact that cast iron melts at a much lower temperature than' nickel and to the introduction of a small amount of oxygen or oxide with the nickel. The invention consists in uniting with the nickel previous to its addition to the ferrous metal a substance or substances which will lower the melting point of the nickel, and which will have no deleterious action upon the ferrous metal to which the nickel is added.

Commercial cast iron contains usually 3 from .7 5 to 3.5 per cent of silicon, from '.10 to 1.5 per cent of phosphorus and from 2.5 to 4. er cent of carbon, with certain other meta oids. I

Inasmuch as carbon and silicon are presout in the cast iron and also serve to lower the melting point of nickel we prefer to employ these two materials for adding to the nickel, and we prefer to add to the nickel from .25 to 2.5 per cent of carbon, and from 1 to 10 per-cent of silicon. In practice, we have successfully em loyed from 2 to 6 per cent of silicon and a out 7 to 1 er cent of carbon in the nickel, and the mo el thus combined has a melting point cient ly near cast iron so that it is well melted and dis-' solved in the cast iron and an excellent oast iron nickel alloy produced. -We have often used about 5 per cent of nickel thus treated as the addition to the cast iron. It will be notedthat with the dpreferred amounts of silicon d carbon ad ed to the nickel, there is no material change in the percentages of these metalloids in the final cast iron nickel The aluminum also serves to ,N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Application filed MarchIO, 1924. Serial No. 698,284.

alloy, and we preferably make the additions to the nickel in such percentages that there 5 is no material chan e in the metalloid percentages of the cast ll'OIl. This is one of the advantages of adding materials-to the nickelwhich do not materially change the analysis of thecast iron itself. The effect of the W silicon and carbon is also of advantage in that their presence tends to eliminate any traces of oxides in-the nickel addition, which oxides might react with the carbon of the iron to produce blow-holes.

We have also added aluminum to the nickel along with the carbon and silicon. further slightly decrease the melting point'and prevent any trace of oxidation. It also has a deoxidizing effect on the ferrous metals of which the nickel is made. When this material is added to the iron it also tends to produce a noticeable amount of heat by chemical reaction which tends to sustain the'temperature. of the molten iron and provide a longer time for the solution of the nickel. The aluminum is preferably added to the nickel in a percentage of .1 to 5. per cent, and we have adde 1 per cent with good results.

The nick l alloy is preferably formed into shot before adding tothe cast iron or ferrous material, if it 'is' to be added to a molten bath. When aluminum is added to the nickel alloy, it tends to change the form of' 5 the shot from round globules to small feathery-particles havingia greater ratio of surface to volume and once giving more rapid'dissolving in the iron.

The additions to the nickel may be made any desirable manner, for example, the silicon may be added in the form of ferrosilicon, and the carbon in the form of either flour carbon or tar coke.

The nickel with the artificially lowered 9 .melting point causedby the additions to it may be added to thecupola in the'form of a small ingot mixed with the cupola charge, and thereby melt along with; the cast iron in the cupola, where theen'tire cupola charge is to be used in alloy form. v

Phosphorus maybe added to the nickel with or without the other additions named, but should be used onl' in'linrited' amounts and in special cases w ere it 3 have hom metal to deleterious efiect on the ferrous which the nickel material is added. Where we have used the high-carbon low-silicon shot we have gotten good results from a shot which will pass through a 4 inch screen. Ma nesium may alsobe used either with or wit out the other additions to the nickel to lower its melting point, and other variations may be made without departing from our invention, since we consider ourselves the first to add to a ferrous material nickel havingan artificially lowered melting point to give better solution and mixing in the alloy.

We claim:

1. As an addition material for molten cast iron baths, metallic nickel having alloyed therewith another material sufficient in percentage to lower the melting point of the alloy to substantially that of cast iron.

2. As an addition material for molten cast iron, metallic nickel having alloyed therewith metalloid material'suflicient in amount to lower the melting point of the alloy to substantially that of cast iron.

3. In the manufacture of cast iron containing nickel, the step consisting of adding to a bath of molten cast iron metallic nickel having alloyed therewith another material sufiicient in amount to lower the melting point of the alloy to substantially that of cast iron.

4. In the manufacture of cast iron containing nickel, the step consisting of add ing to the bath of molten cast iron, metallic nickel in solid form and having alloyed therewith metalloid material suflicient in amount to lower the melting point of the alloy to substantially that of the cast iron.

5. In the manufacture of cast iron con taining nickel, the step consisting of adding to a bath of molten cast iron metallic v nickel in divided form and having alloyed therewith metalloid material sufficient in amount to lower the melting point of the latter to substantially that of cast iron.

6. In the manufacture of 'cast' iron containing relatively small proportions of nickel, the step consisting of adding to a bath of. molten cast'iron'a nickel alloy con- 2.5% and silicon from 1% to 10%.

9. In the making of a ferrousalloy, the step consisting bf adding to ferrous material containing iron as a predominant element, nickel containing carbon 25% to 2.5%, silicon from 1% to 10% and aluminum from 1% to 5%.

10. As an addition material for ferrous materials containing iron as a predominant element, nickel containing carbon 25% to 2.5%, silicon from 1% to 10% and aluminum from .1% to 5%.

11. As an addition material for ferrous material containing iron as the predominant element, nickel having added thereto a metalloid non-injurious to iron and sufficient in amount to lower the melting point of the nickel to substantially that of cast iron.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hand.

PAUL D. MERICA. THOMAS H. WIOKENDEN.