US1680085A - Means for burning liquid fuels - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 7, 1928. 1,680,085

J. L. BREESE, JR

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Wl Mk yh 1. bil

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i "MAW ,nl lhrlllllh Y INVENToR, BYmA-A-f fi @ATTORNEYS Aug. 7, 1928.

J. L.. BREESE, JR

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Shaft 2 IN VEN TOR.

L; ATTORN YS.

Patented Aug.f7,192s.f=

UNITED STATES JAMES L. BREESE, JR., OIF-LAKE FQREST, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB TOIL DEVICES GOB- ,Y POBATION, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CQRPOIPl/ATION- 0F ILLINOIS. i

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS.

appncancn and February e1, 1925. serieu No. 10,142.

My invention has been develo d in oonpetroleum nection with the combustion o oils and is especially useful therefor though, as willbe obvious' from the following disclosure, it is applicable generally to combustible liquids of a similar nature. I have 1 employed the invention successfully in con` nection with what is known commercially as l gas oil. The invention is applicable generall0. ly to the purpose of heating by the combus-4 tion of liquid uel such 'as for heating rooms, boilers and the like. The apparatus in which my invention is embodied is a wickless burn-` er adaptable to. a great variety of heating .l5 purposes, eliicient, easy to operate and regulate and relatively 4inexpensive to manufacture. In this burner the oil is `vaporized for burning by a conductorof heat which inturn is heated by the combustion of the vapors W formed and conveys theheat tothe body of fuel oil, the amount of oil vaporizedbeing regulated and controlled not only by the temperature of the conductor but also by the extentto'which the latter is in contact with W, the body of oil from which the vapors are generated. In the s iic structure disclosed the conductor `ips into the body of 4oil and the extent of surface contact is regulated by the level -of the oil. The oil level,

30, so long as thetemperature ofthe article,

compartment or the like being heated ,re-.14

mains substantially constant, is likewise' maintained substantially constant this being eiected in the s ecifc apparatus disclosed by 3l a valve contro led jointly'by a float and thermostat and variations in temperature are reflected inthe liquid level b` means ofV a thermostat which influences t e--degree of immersion vof the vfloat controlling the valve,

w varying according to the temperature to; which the thermostat is subjected, and there. f .by varying correspondingly the level of the.

l body of oil being vaporize Other features of the invention will be understood. from the l. following detailed description taken in con` nection with the drawings accompanying and forming part of this application. It is to'be understood, however, that the specific-dis'-v closure is for the purpose of exemplification so only and the scope of the invention is defined; in the following claimsin which I have er1- l deavored to distinguish it :from'the prior art so far as known to me without however relinquishing any of the novelty disclosed.

' u, In the drawings Fig. l is anelevation partlyjn section showing a heater with invention applied thereto; Fig. 2 an axial vertlcal section partly in elevation through the lower part of the heater and through the I burner; Flg. 3 a fragmentary 'view on4 the 00 same plane as Fig. 1, a portion of the burnerl being shown in elevation instead of in section; Fig. 4 a'plan of my improved burner; Fig. 5 a vertical section partly in elevation showing the means :for controlling the 66 height. of the liquid fuel inthe burner and Fig. 6 a plan view thereof. Each part is identified by the same reference l character wherever it occurs in the drawings.

In Fig. 1 I4 have shown myinvention as 70 applied to a heater which is entirely selfcontained except for the flue andmay be set up wherever required for use by merely connecting up the flue in a proper manner .to dispose of the products of combustion.' This 75 form of heater is not er se novel or of my invention but it is isclosed only to exemplif'y the latter. It comprises a drum 7 `into the lower end of which my improved burner 8 extends and from the upper end of' 80 whichl the iiue 9 leads to some proper outlet for the products of combustion. I have shown the burner and heater as mounted on a sheet metal support 11 which is extended vertically at 12 to form a reilector or shield. 'Il

The flue 9 is shown'as elbowed and partially supported by the top 'of the shield and by the brace 13. A strap 14 holds the flue in a recess cut in the to edge of the shield.

` Beyond `the shield the ue extendsvertical- `90 n 1y as at'15 to some suitable outlet. The flue` is provided with a balanced or butterily damper valve 16 and an. unbalanced damper 17, the twolbeing so connectedby link 18 i. that increased draft tending to lift or openwli` the damper 17 tends to partially close dan1`p 4 I As stated, the-speciiic form of heater forffig -no part vof the present invention.

tripod casting'lS with respect to which it is L" adjustable by' means-of a set screw 20. The g lburner housing casting 19 comprises a ,ceni tral. sleeve V27 .extending ,into said tripod@ casting, a portion .of intermediate diameter '105 forming the oil reservoir21 and an u per portion of enlarged 'diameter 22. The s eeve 27 is continued upwardly through. the `oil Vreservoirto forman air passage to supply primary airl to the combustion chamber. ma.

The-burner is Ishown as 'mountedon 9.4100

An annular casting 29 which constitutes the combustion chamber and also the means for conducting heat therefrom to the oil to vaporize the latter rests upon the shoulder between the oil reservoir and the upper chamber. Said casting com rises a horizontal annulus 29, a depen ing iange 30 and an upwardly extending annular flange 39. The depending flange is tapered as shown in F ig. 2 and spaced from the central sleeve 27.A In use thel oil reservoir is filled to a level at which the liange dips more or less into the oil therein and vaporizes the latter by means of the heat transmitted from the combustion chamber. The va ors rising from the oil pass upward throug the converging annular passage between said ange and the sleeve 27 into the combustion chamy it is located s0 that there is an annular air space surrounding the same, and the wall of chamber 22 is notched as at 41 for the admission of air to said annular space. Flange 39 is slotted at short intervals, the slots being tangential as best shown in Fig. 4, the inclination being all in the same direction, so that air entering through the notches 41 into the annular passa-ge 22 enters therefrom into the combustion chamber through the inclined slots. It is thus given a whirlving motion and not only furnishes the secondar-y supply of air for complete combustion but shrouds or'shields the flange from the Idirect action of the flame. The entering air also more or less cools the flange, the

i extent of cooling dependingx'somewhat upon the size and number of t e slots. Therefore by suitably designing this flange the temp rature conditions of the burner may be varied somewhat.

`A deilector or spreader plate 32 is adjusti ably mounted above the end of the sleeve 27,

in the construction shown being carried by a.' rod 33, the upper end of which is held centrally in the sleeve by screws 34 and the lower end supported at 35 on a bracket 36 which is pivoted at 37 and-adjusted about i' 32 y means of a set screw 38.

- When the burner .is in operation, a primary supply of air is received through the sleeve 27 and iiows upwardly therein as indicated by the arrows and then is deflected its ivot, to raise or. .lower the deector plate outwardly by the deflector plate previously described. rl`he heat conducting casting 29 dipping into the oil in the oil chamber geuerates vapors therefrom which flow upwardly in the annular space between said heat conducting casting and the sleeve and mix with the air coming through the sleeve beneath the edge of the deflector plate. The air supplied in this manner is insufficient for complete combustion, but additional supplies of air are received, through the openings 4l into the annular space about the flange 39 and enter the chamber within the flange through the slots or slits vreviously described. The air entering tie slots being given a rotary motion by the inclination thereof forms a cushion or envelope which more orless fully protects the iiange from the flames and also furnishes the additional air necessary to complete combustion. The outer wall of the combustion chamber is protected from the extreme heat of combustion by the air entering the ports 41. The conduction of heat from the heat conducting plate 29 to the wall of the casting 19 may be made negligible by providing substantially a line contact between the two as at 292 When this is done, the oil in the reservoir receives little heat except through the vaporizing conducting casting 29.

The level of the oil in the reservoir and hence the amount of vaporization is controlled according to the temperature which it is desired to maintain. Thu's in the heater in connection with which my invention is 100 l, 5 and 6, the feed regulator 45 is shown as 105 connected to the supply pipe 46 on the one hand and to the oil reservoir of the burner on the other. Pipe 47 affords an open connection between the regulator and the burner being connected at one end as at 48 to 1m the bottom of the float chamber of the reg-, ulator and at the other end at 49 to the oil reservoir of the burner. The oil supply pipe 46 is connected to the regulator at 50,

communication being controlled by a valve 116 51 seated at 52. A ioat 53 which is free to rise and fall in the chamber of the regulator controls the valve through the medium of a lever 54 pivoted at 55. Lever 54 is pivoted to the stem 56 of the ioat and the latl2" ter is guided in a sleeve 57 secured to the cover 58 of the regulator chamber.

In order that the level of the liquid may be automatically controlled according to the temperature I provide a end of the thermostatic strip 59, which muy be of the usual form comprising two strips of metal ofdiiferent coeilicients of expanthermostat 59 125 "which is Secured. at one end as at 60 to a bracket 6l threaded on guide 57. The other litt sion, is secured to the stem of the float at. 62. The thermostatic strip 59 is so arranged that with increase of temperature it tends to raise the float and with decrease of tem rature to lower the same. `It follows that when the temperature rises beyond that for which the apparatus is set the valve is clo:ed and the level of oil in .theregulator and oil reservoir of the burner falls with the consumption of oil. As ythe the-oil level falls ized diminishes by reason of the reduction y appl of area ofthe heat conductor covered by the oil. As the temperature falls the upward pull of the thermostat is reduced and the valve opens. It should be understood that the thermostatic. leaf preferably operates with aforce of the same general order of magnitude as that exerted by the ioat itself. Under .some conditions the action of the leaf may be opposed to the action of the bloat, and under other conditions it may supplement it. Thus the valve 5l is to some degree responsive to two forces, namely to the tendency of the float 53 to open or close it, and to the tendency of the thermostatic leaf 59 to open or close it. Under normal conditions, when the two forces are opposed, neither can entirely overcome the other and the balance of forcesleaves the valve in an intermediate position.` The effect of the thermostat may be varied to provide for the maintenance of different temperatures by turningr the thermostat and bracket about the guide to which the latter is threaded to adjust it nearer to or further from source of heat.

Because of its location, asshown in Fig. l, the thermostat vis eX osed to the curi-'ents of air iowin to the urner from the atmosphere of t e room or compartment being heated so that it responds to the average temperature of the compartment. It is also exposed to some extent to direct radiation from the' burner. It thus Iserves to control excessive temperatures in the latter.

To start the burner it is only necessary to a flame' to the combustion chamber as, 'or example, by introducing a lighte paper'v or other` combustible material. The combustion of the oil on the surfaces of the burner in connection with that of the in` troduced combustible material is sufficient to start vaporization and combustion 'of the what I have described the turnawith its feed in connection with an apparatus for heating the airof a room or other. enclosure, I havedone so' forthe purpose of ex- (amplification onl as the burner is available for a variety o heating purposes, as for example, heating boilers and hot water heatchamber for containing a bodyof oil, a combustion chamber above the same, a heat `conductor intermediate the combustion chamber and oil chamber and extendingr into the latter to vaporize oil theiein, a thermostat, and means controlledV jointly by the thermostat and the level of the oil in the oil chambe a for feeding oil to the latter.

2. In a burner of the `class described, a

V chamber for containing ya bodyof oil, acomf 1n the o1l reservoir the amount of oil vaporbustion chamber above the same, `means for feeding the fuel from the oil chamber to vthe combustion chamberin accordance with the level of the oil inthe oil chamber, and

means for supplying the oil chamber with oil comprising a iloat and valve chamber, a float therein, a valve governing the inlet to said chamber and controlled by the float,

'a vthermostat and connections between the izing the oil, the extent of vaporization depending on the level ofthe oil, and means for supplying the voil chamber with oil comprising a conduit, a float and valve'` chamber in the conduit, a valvein said chamber controlling the-admission `of oil thereto, la -iioat in said chamber controlling the valve,

a thermostat comprising two stripsfrespectively of different metals supported at one end and engagingr the iioat at the other, ythe construction beingr suchthat as the temperaturc rises the thermostat 'tends to raise the float.

4. In a burner of the class described,` a'im combustion chamber and an oil chamber 'communicating therewith, means for vaporyizmg the oil, the extent of vaporlzation dethermostat comprising 4two .strips f respectively of different metals supported `at one end and engaging the floatat the wother, the

construction being suchthat as the temperature rises t-hethermostat tends to raise the valve, a thermostatic member -and anV actuating' connection between said thermostatic .member and 'said-float.4

6. Inl a burner of the :class described,a

combustionchamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, a fuel lflow control means in said passage, including a float chamber and a floattherein, a valve adapted to control .the flow of fuel to said chamber, an actuating -connection between said float and said valve, a thermostatic member and an actuatmg connection between said thermostatic member and said ioat, the force exerted by l lo,

flow offuel to said chamber', an actuatingl the. thermostat beingr of the same general order of magnitude as that exerted by the float.v e i j 7. In a burner 'of the class described, a combustion chamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, fuel' flow control meansin said passage, including a `float chamber and av ioat therein, a valve adapted to control the lever connection between said float and -said valve,` a thermostatic leaf adapted to- Hex in response to changes, in the temperature to which it-is exposed and an actuatingr connection between said leafand said float.A

In a burnerof the class described,- a

combustion chamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, fuel flow control means in said passage, including a oat chamber and a fioat therein, a valve adapted to control the flow of fuel to said chamber, an actuating connection between said oat and said valve, astem extending from said float and through the wall of the float'chamber, a thermostatic member and au actuating connection between said--member and said stem.

9. In a burner of the class described, a combustion chamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, fuel flow control means in said

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