US1522005A - Turbine governor - Google Patents

Description

. 1,522,005 W.'B. FLANDERS 4 TURBINE GOVERNOR Filed Sept, 4, 1920 Es w y/Eg 2 .1 M v z a V z F 2 I Patented Jan, 6, 1925,

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WARREN" B; FLANDERS, F ESSINGI'ON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR '10 WESTING- HOUSEELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

'VA'NIA;

A conroaarron or PENNSYL- TUBBIIIE GOVERNOR/I Applicationjfiled September 4, 1920. $eria1'No. 408,183.

object the provision of. a governor in the formuof a centrifugal pump having speed responsive valve means to render the pump operative, said pump being'adapted to inl crease the resistance to rotation of the tur- ,bine spindle and; thereby prevent overspeeding of the latter.

I attain this-object by means of the mech anism illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which.

Figure 1 is an end elevation of a portion of. the turbine rotor" with the governing mechanism attached; Figure 2, a sectional view: through the rotor and governing mechanism Figure 3,an end elevation'of a modificationflof. my invention; Figure 4, a side elevationof themodifioation of my invention/ shown partlyin section; and Figure 5, a sectional view through one of the valves of the modification. 1

Referring to thedrawing for a more detailed description of my invention, I indicate in: Figures; 1 and 2 a single stage'impulse wheel mounted on a turbine shaft .11. Mounted adjacent to'and coaxially with .theiimpulse wheel 10'is a hubor drum member-.12provided with a diametral recess 13 with its: axis substantially normal to the axis of the turbine. shaft The ends or outletsoftherecess 13 are beveled at 14 and 15 toprovidevalveseats forthe valve covers 1-6 and '17. A helical spring 18 within the recess 13 is provided with straight tips 19 and '20 whichprojectthrough axial holes in the covers and, are threaded to receive nuts 21 and 2 2 which serve to retain the valve covers inn contact with the valve seatsv 14 and 15. By turning thew-nuts 21; and-22 the tension of the springs 18rmay be readily adjusted; An axialapa ssage 23rin the drum serves as means the drum and the recess of communication between the'exterior "of within.

In the modification of my invention as shown in Figures 3 and-4,-a single stage impulse Wheel 30 is mountedon a turbine shaft in a similar way to that shown in Figure 2 and is provided witha hollow drum 32 open at the end. .A series of ports or fluid transferringpassagesI-33 are spaced around the periphery of the drum andserve as ineans of communication between the exterior and interior thereof. The end of the drum is closed by an end piece or cover 34: provided with a series of lugs or' tongues 35 which extend normally to the end piece and which fit snugly over the outside of the drum.

These tongues serve to hold in place a series of leaf springs 36 which act as valve covers for the ports 33 spaced around the'periphery of the drum. 'An axial passage'37" in them end piece or cover serves as means of'coinmunication between the exterior of the drum and the interior thereof. In Fig. 5 is shown'a detail of the spring valve, the section shown being taken through one of the ports 33 spaced around the periphery of the drum To close the port 33 and thereby shut off communication between the exterior and interior thereof, a leaf spring 36 is provided which acts as a valve cover for the port 33; The leaf spring 36 is held in place by means of the tongue 35 which is an integral part of the end piece or cover 34 and projects normally therefrom. The drum should be provided with a small recess and the tongue with a like projection in order to hold the spring firmly in place as shown. V

It is a well known fact that when part of the load on a turbine is removed, thespeed of the turbine will increase if some govern: ing means is not provided, and serious damage to the turbine may be the result 'o'fthe overspeeding. The governing mechanism as herein described acts as a centrifugal'pu'mp '95, which imposes a temporary load on theftfurbine when a predetermined overspeed is reached- I The operation of my improved device is as follOWS1 when. the turbiae swarmingnormal speeds the force exerted by the spring 18 will be sutficient to overbalance the centrifugal force acting on the valve covers 16 and 17, and the valve covers will therefore be firmly held against the valve seats 1 1 and 15 at the ends of the recess within the drum. When a predetermined o-verspeed is reached, the centrifugal force acting on the valve covers 16 and 17 will overbalance the force of the spring 18 and the covers will be lifted from the valve seats. As the impulse wheel of the turbine is running in the exhaust chamber of the turbine, exhaust steam will enter the drum through the passage 23 and will be forced out at the ends of the passage due to the centrifugal force acting thereon. The drum therefore acts as a centrifugal pump taking in steam at its axis and exhausting it at its periphery. This pumping action will impose a load on the turbine to make up for the loss in exterior load and will prevent the turbine from overspeeding. When the exterior load is again imposed on the turbine, the speed will be reduced until the force of the spring again overbalances the centrifugal force on the valve covers causing them to close. The temporary load due to the centrifugal pumping action will then be removed, and the turbine will again operate under normal conditions. r

In the modification of my invention when the turbine reaches a predetermined over- 'speed','the centrifugal force acting on the leaf springs 36 will cause them to uncover the ports 33 arranged around the periphery of the drum 32. Steam will then enter the drum from the exhaust chamber through the passage 37 and will be discharged outwardly through the ports 33 around the periphery of the drum. As in the previous case the drum acts as a centrifugal pump taking in steam at the axis and forcing it out at the periphery, thereby imposing a load on the turbine. hen the exterior load returns to the turbine, the speed of the turbine will be reduced until the leaf springs again cover the ports 33. The temporary load will thereby be removed, and the turbme will again operate under normal conditions.

l/Vhile I have shown my invention in but two forms, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as claims.

What I claim is 1. In combination with a rotating element of a fluid turbine, governing means therefor comprising a centrifugal, fluid are specifically set forth in the appended transferring means and speed responsive means to control the operation of the fluid transferring means, said governing means and speed-responsive means being carried by the rotating element.

2. In combination with a rotating element of a fluid turbine, governing means therefor comprising a centrifugal fluid transferring means and spring retained speed responsive means to control the operation of the fluid transferring means, said governing means and speed-responsive means being carried by the rotating element.

3. In combination with a rotating element of a fluid turbine, governing means therefor comprising a drum element adjacent to and coaxial with the rotatingelement having fluid transferring ports in the periphery and means responsive to the speed of rotation of the rotating element for uncovering the ports, said means responsive to the speed of rotation of the rotating element being carried by the rotating element.

4:. In combinationwith a rotating element of a fluid turbine, governing means therefor comprising a drum element adjacent to and coaxial with the rotating element hav ing fluid discharging ports in the periphery thereof, and spring retained ,means responsive to the speed of rotation of the rotating element for uncovering the ports, said governing means and means responsive to the speed of rotation of the rotating element being carried by the rotating element.

5. In combination with a rotating element 'of a steam turbine, governing means therefor comprising a drum member adjacent to and coaxial with'the impulse element having a diametral recess and an axial passage communicating between said recess and the exterior of the drum, covers adapted to close the ends of the recess, and spring means within the recess for retaining the covers, said covers adapted to uncover the ends of the recess due to centrifugal force acting thereon when a predetermined overspeed is reached.

6. In combination with a rotating wheel of a steam turbine, governing means therefor comprising a drum member mounted coaxially with and adjacent thereto and having a diametral recess the axis of which is substantially normal to the axis of rotation and an axial passage communicating between the exterior of the drum and the interior thereof, covers adaptedto close the ends of the recess, and spring means for maintaining the covers closed, said covers being responsive to the speed of rotation of the turbine spindle to uncover ends of said recess.

7. The combination with a rotating element mounted within a body of fluid, of speed-responsive means carried by said rotating element, said speed-governing means 1 comprising a drum member With spring-retained valves and passages for setting up a centrifugal pumping action above a predetermined speed of the rotating element.

8. The combination With a rotating element of a fluid turbine, of speed-governing mechanism carried by said rotating element and mounted Within the exhaust chamber of said turbine, said governing mechanism comprising a drum member having fluid discharging ports in the periphery thereof and spring-retained means responsive to the speed of rotation of the rotating element for uncovering the ports.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 25th day of August, 1920.

WARREN B. FLANDERS.

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