US1521147A - Evaporating and condensing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

- ee, 3U, wm. 315mm? E.l G. EENJWHN EVAFORATING AND CONDENSING APPARATUS I /m/Elvoff y 'H- By @en 30, 924i.

E. O. BENJAMN i EVAPORATING AND ONDL'NSING APPARATUS Filed July 18I y1919 5 Sheets-Sheety 2 gym? TTHIVEV ec. 39g 1924. LSZLW I E. O. BENJAMN EVAFORATING AND CONDENSING APPARATUS Filed vJuly 18, 1919 5 sheetsheei s man. 3U, 924.,

E. O. BENJAMIN EVAPORATING AND CONDENSING APPARATUS Filed July 18 19 5 sheets-sheet 20 'Q wifi/v70# e MV1/VL l 3y @y ,N70/mr LSZLM? @Q sa 1924.

E.l o. emma/gm 4EMPORA',UXG AND GONDEN'SING APPARATUS ,Fim July is, 1919,

- 5 sheets-shew s;

Patented Der.. 3G, lgen naar rre ars-nr cette Ema EDWARD @DON BENJAMIN, OF NEWARK. JERSEY, ASSGNOR TO NTERNATINAL OXYGEN COMPANY, A CGRIPORATON E' NEW J ERSEY.

'VPRATIJIG A ND CGNIDENSING APPARATUS.

Application led July 18, lillf Serial No. 311,692.

'l/'o all vw/iom may concern:

Beit known that I, EDWARD O. BENJAMIN, a citizen ot the United States, and resident of Newark, in the county ot' Essex and State 5 of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Evaporating and Condensing Apparatus, of which the following is a specilication.

My present' invention relates to a 4coin- IU plete unitary system for distilling liquids and it includes certain important improve `ments in the evaporator and' also in the condenser as well as in the system 'as a whole.

An important 'feature of the system consists in making the evaporators in standard units and tbc condensers in standard. 'units so that conde-risers may be added to or taken from the system, preferably at the outlet end thereof, to take care of condensation under special conditions, as where a liquid absorbing great ory less latent heat is being evaporated, or where the cooling water available is warmer or colder than usual; also additional evaporator units may be added to 71 or taken troni the evapcrating end of the system to multiply or reduce the total output..

The condensers are preferably arranged in' parallel between a single vapor supply conduit and a single discharge conduit and the 2"" 'evaporatorg .if more than one is used, are preferably also in parallel relation between a liquid supply conduit and 'a vapor delivery conduit.l rlhe cooling medium preferably circulates through the condensers. in series preferably beginning with the one nearest the outlet of the delivery conduit, and where water is being distilled and water is alsoused as a cooling medium, part of the water warmed b ycirculating through the con- 40 densers may be utilized to keep up the supply in the evaporators.

Thus, while the evaporating and condensing units each have special structural advantages and may be coupled up in Vany desired way, the preferred system embodies three main conduits, namely, an upper steam or vapor conduit, a lower conduit for the discharge of the condensed liquid, a plurality of condenser elements connected in parallel relation across said conduits, and a third conduit through which the cooling' medium traverses the condensers in ries; also where more than one evaporator is used., the added evaporator' preferably discharges through the other into said steam or vapor conduit.

In the preferred construction each unit carries its own section of each of the main conduits so that extensions of the system-may be effected merely by boltingtoge ther the conduit sections of the similar units.

in the preferred arrangement,

there is preferably also an intermediate section between the cooling condult and the intake conduit of the evaporators, whereb;r

cess ot the water or other y all catcooling medium,-

beyond what is necessary to replenish evapdration, is permitted to This overflow water ordinary cooling coils overiiow and escape. may be run through and returned to the intake end of the cooling water conduit oit the condensers or, where water is cheap. the excess may be permitted to run to Waste.

Preferably, also, there is a special unit for discharge of the condensed liquid. This unit preferably embodies a trap to maintain a certain amount of condensed liqui d in perature.

Moreover, in the extreme case where the hottest of the condensers'inight otherwise discharge steam which would have to be vented through the discharge pipe,

the aboveV described pel the steam to pass through th liquid adjacent the dense it. While this provision will t arrangement will cornc cooler outlet, which will conalre care of practically all operating conditions, l

purer-ably provide a steam vent in ci the trap to take cure of special the top emergencies as for instance, entire failureot' the supply of cooling medium, or sudden evoiution of steam such as sometimes occurs with some4 liquids or under specie tions.- Thls l condivent will also prevent the possi-- bility of siphoningthe `liquid in either direction.

The outlet trap makes it possible to iin pose a pressure slightlv'above atmosphere ein, said throughout the entire distilli'ng syst pressure being limitedy to the head existing when tle water leve condenser outlets has been depresse Vydrostatic l in the d to the blow-oli point. Similarly, the possible' vacuum is limited by the decrease of head existing when the level in the trap has been .depressed enough for air to be sucked in.

These pressures must be taken account of in determlning the height of the overfiow standpipe in the 'above mentioned overiiow unit,

- since the. level of .the water in the evaporators can uctuate below or above the level of the overfiow a limited distance equal to these differences between trap up-take and condenser outlets. l l

The stand-pipe in the overflow unit will 'preferably have its height adjusted" with reference to the outlet trap so as to maintain a desiredlevel of the' liquid in the evaporator and incidentally to vary such level to sui-t the.. particular liquid to be evaporated. Liquids having a high surface -tension giving rise to considerable foaming andfrothing during boiling, should have a A'much lower level in the evaporator than liquids which boil without foam. The desired change of level may be accomplished by screwing the overflow pipe up or down or 'by vsubstituting a longer orshorter length ot pipe. Where the liquid is one which 'does not foa'm, the maximum eiiiciency of the evaporator may 'be obtained'byraising the the liquid level as high as is possible without incurring danger of having unevaporated particles projected into, the vapor outlet conduit.

Where the liquid being evaporated is not. the sane as that used forv cooling, the standpipe supply unit maybe connected to a source other than the outlet of the cooling The evaporator units' are preferably ribbed or otherwise -so constructed as to expose a relatively large surface to the source of heat. lWhere burners are used, they are preferably so constructed as to .have gas outor ledge.

'to be produced from steam, my evaporator units maybedispensed with and any desired form of boiler or steam generator may be connected directly to the condenser lsystem. i In order to preventback 'drip of conL densed material intol the evaporator, which' would involve contmuous reevaporating, a-

semi-tubular trough is formed around the interior walls near the top of the 'evapora tor. The or domed so that any accumulation of condensed drops of liquid will flow toward the side walls and be caught in the trough from tor.

'tions are also of ample capacity,

top of the latter is slightly arched which they will flow into the vapor conduit `and thence through the condensers.

The active condensing element of the condenser units consists essentially of athin walled, cellular, metallic structure which may be substantially .similar to the wellknown structures now commonly employed for automobile radiators, the types affording a Zig-Zagor tortuos path for the vapor being particularly desirable. Such cellular units V,arervutilized in such a way that the lsteam or vapor to be condensed flows down through the interior thereof in much the same Way that the hot water iiows down through an automobile radiator, while the cooling medium traverses the cellular, unit horizontally, in a relation corresponding to the air draft through the automobile radia- Where' the cooling medium is' liquid, the

volume required is much less than where air or gas is used for cooling; hence the horizontal passages through the condensers may be cross-sectionally elongated and narrowed to give greater cooling surface and less crosssectionalarea for the cooling passages. The tortuous character of the vapor passages in the condensing/elementand the free drainage ywhich they aiord for the' condensed liquid, prevent vthe well-known water hammer effects and vibrations, Vwhich might otherwise result from vthe production of vacuumuthrough rapid or suddep condensation.

Eachl cellular condensing element .is removably mounted in its casing and said cas- A ing ailords a container and conduit forV the l cooling medium, lto, through an'd from' the condensing element as well as 'a main conf duit section for the steam or vapor and a main conduit section for the condensed iq' uid. Both of these main conduits are ample cross section so as to have a' certain` storage or' reservoir capa ,ity ladapted to somewhat steady the supply and discharge. 114" respectivcly The v coolingconduit connecprefena-bly predetermined with respect to the total iow capacity of the' horizontal cooling passages throu h the condensing` radiator element.l15

Inrtlns way a slight pressure drop may be localized between the supply side and the discharge side ofl each radiator element. This hase-tendency to' cause a substantial] equal flow of the cooling medium throng 'i120 all of the radiatorY passages. cooling water at the'bottom ing at the top of theV casing Entering the and dischargof each conral y .flows 'upward as it becomesA warmer and lighter', tends to make theoiiow 'more uniform, and to create a situation where thehotter `water on theoutlet side of the radiator element will rise toward' the optletowith 1f" .denser unit, so that the coolest and therefore v heaviest water is at the bottom, and natu- 12@ mame? tral section showing the preferred arrangenient of the combined evaporating and condensing system;

' Figure 2 is a face view of one of the condensing units; l i

Figure 53 is a section om the line 3-? Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectio Figure 2; ,j

Figure 5 is a vertical central section/on the line Tn-5, Figure 3;

Figure 6 is an exterior side clevationof'an `n. the line 4 4,

evaporator unit with part of the heat jacket broken away to sliow the construction;

Figure 7 is a sec-tionen the line 7-7, Figure 6 and Figure 8 is a cross sectional detail on thel together by bolts 3, 3. The lower section includes a conduit section 4: provided with end flanges 5, 5 by which itniay be secured to adjacent units by bolts 6, 6; and, intermediate the ends, an ani-ple uptake 7 communicating with the bottoni 8 which is provided exteriorly with integral heat absorbing liauges 9, 9.

The evaporator is preferably provided with a heat insulating enclosure or jacket 10 securedto flange 11 by bolts 12, and prei'- erably formed with vent or draft outlets 13, 13 of sufcient capacity to afford through draft necessary to prevent forniation oi a dead air poc et in the. space between the upper part ot the jacket and the walls of the casting.

The upper section of the evaporator is preferably au integral castihg. T he top 14 is preferably domed.` as shown in l? eure 7 so that liquid condensing thereon will 4drain along the surface overto the side Walls instead ofl dropping back into-the boiling liqin trap' the slight.

uid. The vapor conduit sections 15 are formed with end flanges 1S whereby they may be secured to adjacent units f or to a suitable closure 17) by means of bolts 18.

These vapor conduits have also the function of troughs for drainage of condensed water land for this reason. the intermediate portion is carried around the circumference of the top section in the. form of a gallery like, semi-tubular trough 19. This trough collects condensed water from the roo and upper walls of the evaporator and serves also as a drainage channel for similar condensation collected in and flowing from any other generator which may .ie coupled to it.

l have shown special means for heating the evaporator, consisting of two burners of improved construction but operating on the principle of lunsen burners. ,fr gas supply pipe 20 controlled by valve 21 supplies both burners through branches 23, c0ntrollcd by valves Q4; regulating discharge iroin jets into a mixing chamber 26 in casting 27 supplied with air through suitable draft openings (not shown) controlled by rotary damper-s indicated at Q8. These castings converge upwardly and are fitted vWithin heads 23' secured .by screws 2f). These heads are elongated as indicated in Figure 6 and on the upper side they are formed with two parallel `projecting ridges, each ridge being pierced on cach side with rows of flaine jet openings 3 rl`he tips of the ridges a'bove the jet openings z e laterally widened as at 3l to overhang and protect fromI soot and dirt the jet openings 8i) i'ormed in the sides of said ridges. Openings 32, formed in the ends of the heads are normally closed by screw plugs 3., which may be removed for purpose of cleaning the jet openings Afrom the inside.

A branch pipe 9G haring a jet 95 at the upper end may he arranged in proximity to the burner outlet as indicated iu Figure G. rhis affords a continuous all-gas flame adapted to lightthe tuinen burner jets initially or to re-light them in case the)l blow back or go out.

. The plate 9S) may he en'iploved to serve as a partial closure for the bollom olE the heatingl jacket.

. The condenser units comprise an inner cellular structure ol' lhn metal adapted lo allord inlerior' lortuous pathsl IH extending from top lo bottom l'hereotI lor flow and cooling olt the vapor and 4free drainage of the liquid condensed therefrom: and also horizontal passages for low of coolingy fluid@ The cellular portion is structurally rigid with and secured air tght to upper and. lower terminal connections comprising metallic boxes 3G and vertically aligned en'- `lrancc and exit nipples or pipes 37. Deflectingr plates 538 are arranged in alignment with the. interior openings or pipes37. The end The casing of the condenser unit prefer ably consists of a casing 40 conforming to but' slightly larger than the condenser element. Suitable provision for receiving, circulating and discharging cooling water is made, vpreferably by`casting integral with the sides of the' casing a centrally located inlet 4l aligned. with a similar outlet 42, the inletV communcating with the bottom of the casing by passage/43 and the outlet beingv suppliedfromtle top Aof the Vcasing by passage "The inletffs provided with an up' per'liange 45 andloiver bolt holesl 46 and the outlet witlruppei'- bolt holes 4I `and a lower flange 48 `whereby the inlet may be bolted to the outlet cfa similar unit 0r the outlet to the inlet of a similar unit.'

The bottom and walls of the casing are preferably integral, but the top consists f of a casting 49 held in place by bolts'50 engagin ears 51 on the casing. tom an A`top oi'l the casing are formed rwith aligned openings 52 through which the outlet inlet pipes 37 are adapted to project.; Concen't'ric with these ope'nn' s are I`integral extensions' or collars 53 en arged viii'teriorly as lat 5450 form packing glands ,i for a watertight packing 55 compressed and "A held in place by tubular ezitension 56 formed 'sections Abybolts 18 similar to those 'me iate annular abutment adapted 4on the' respective conduit sections, one being the vapor su ply. condut. `58 and the other vthe condense liquid conduit 59.

The annular pro' with ears 60 andtie conduit sections are formed with ears 61 through which are secured clamping bolts'62.4 The ends of each yconduit section are provided with lian es 16 whereby, they maybe secured to adjacent reviously described. All these flange an bolt cou llngs'a'reshown as formed with intersurfaces. 7 0 to be rendered steam tight by screwing them against `interposed pack- In the preferred system shown in the drawings, I -interpose Lbetween the evaporater and adjacent condenser unit especial unit comprising a conduit section 7 3 vsimilar pipe isan upwardly projecting .overflow pipe 78 preferably having at .its upper end a separate .piece of pipe 79 screw-threaded thereto so as to permit vertical-adjustment, v org-,un'scx'ewing and .replacing it with pipe of a. dlierent len As the loutlet The bottions.

ections 53 are :formed t 76 and an evapoh. gi? comxiiunicates directly.-

with the evaporator, I prefer to arrange a transverse partition 80 indicated in dashed," linesFigure 1, and in full lines Figure-8,'- extendin a considerable distance upwards Within t ef'standpipe. 'I :his is to preventie boiling f water from the evaporator working back around the base of the. overflow pipe 78 and finding its way-.upward and thus escaping through the overflow4 pipe.` With the proport'ons shown and in normal 75 operation, these-armements insure a continuous flow toward tieevaporator and no backiiow therefrom. There is a vent at the top of the standpipe, preferably in the .form

Figure 1:. This ensures atmosphericwpresf sure inthestandpipe and this prevents siphoning of the liquid inany direction i anialso serves to vent any excessivel presi-'if sures arising within the system.

yThe outlet 4unit. D `has flanges 16 and1 A l clamping'bblts 18 like-those `previously described. Intermediate tlie ends it is domed upwardly as at and provided with an ini ter'or upstanding wall 91 the upper edge of 90 which constitutes the overflow point from-4 v the. uptake 90. 92 is `aipe for conducting'v away the distilled pro uct for storage or'- use as may b'e desired. At the top .of the dome `90 is abreatlier pi e 93, which will '95'4 prevent siphoning and wil also vent steam or admit air 'to the condensing system to prevent ovei pressure and .vacuum condl-J The units comprising the system may be *10" supportediii any desired way but bolt holes 101, on the evaporator units, and bolt holefsgy 102, at the same level on the condenser units`,"f aordfa convenient means for securing th'emi-g between a` air of longitudinal supporting` beams or c annel-irons. .l

. In operation, when the cooling Water isfy turned on, it will iow through' the severalf'g.'y i

condensing units-into the evaporator filling the latter to a level which is determincdprii marily bythe height of theoverow 4pi e l 79. -After .operation Ahas been started, tle liquid collecting in the discharge overflow- 90 will exert a back pressure on the -system sufficient to slightly lower the 1i uid level .S115 in the evaporator as indicated in. igure 1f this overflow 90 is empty, or if the pres-Lf."

1 sure of the height of water therein is coun!4 terbalanced by the height of water in the condenser discharge pipes delivering to conduit 59, theliquid level in the vevaporator will belj'equal to the height of the standpipe79" Y. f.' Y ,The continuously suppliedcooling. water after lillingthe evaporator will continue to 125 flow,; part of it into theevaporator to sup- 'ply evaporation and the remainder through the overflow pipe 79. Pilot jet 95 willtlieny 1 be turned on and lit. Gas will-thenbe .illpliied' on tothe burnersby valve ma 136,

of a breatlieropening as indicated 811.00, 804 l the draft intake 28 being properly adjusted, the gas will dranv in part of the air necessary for its combustion. This mixture passing outl to the open Aair through jet openings 30 will be ignited by the pilot light'. The evaporator will heat up and the Water will boil. The steam passing through suppl)T conduit i3 will flow through radiator inlet 37 to be deflected by plate 38, flow down through -Itortuous passages 34%, be cooled anod condens d therein and tloiv down through outlets i 7 to conduit Here the condensed liquid will collect until the quantity is suf ficient to overflow the outlet trap.

increasing or decreasing the-number of condenser units or evaporator units to suit particular uses or conditions requires only nnb-citing and bolting operations, which are very quickly andeasily performed.

l prefer ton'iaintain the evaporating and condensing system under a pressure above atmosphere because it will keep the condensers tree of standing Water with their` entire areas opera-ting as condensing surface.

liloreover any leakage will be outward rather than inward and steam' or vapor will escape to the air or to the cooling Water according to the position of the leak, Where as, under vacuum conditions, any leakage would be in the opposite directionand cooling Water would be admitted to contaminate the distillate or air to mingle with the steam er vapor. vlvloreover., outward leaks of escaping steam are much more easy to detect than inward leaks of air or cooling Water Whenever any unit of the system is darnaged in any Way, it may be easily and quicku ly4 unbolted and replaced by another unit.

Or, Where the radiator element only is damv aged, vthe top section of the case oi' the unit may be removed, the radiator slipped out, a new radiator slipped in and the top section reapplicd. ln the generator unit, the burners or parts thereof may be removed or cleaned or repaired Without disturbing the rest of the system. v-

l' claire: l l. A system of the'class described, coinprising evaporating means, an upper tubu lar conduit for passage of vapor therefrom, a lower tubular conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, a plurality of condensing elements connected to said conduits and communicating therewith for lion" oi said vapor or condensed liquid downward from the upper conduit to the lower conduit in parallel relation, and a third conduit ai ici-ding a path for the cooling medium to all. said condensing elements in series Jfrom bottom to top in each.

2. A system oi the class described, cornprising evapcrating means, an upper conduit for passage of vapor therefrom, a lowe1* eonduitmtor discharge ot condensed liq i of 'condensing elements connected for dow oit said vapor or condensed liquid between said conduits in parallel relation, a third conduit adording a path for the cooling medium to all said the evaporator, together with an overow standpipe in operative relationto said cooling medium for-discharging liquid in excess oi" that necessary to replenish the evaporator before it reaches the evaporator.

3. A system of the class described, com- 'y prising evaporating means, en upper con- Acondensing elements in series and thence to other along the length of each said con-` (lensing element and thence to the evaporator together with means for -clischarging cooling liquid in excess of that necessary to replenish the evaporwtorb 4, A system of lthe class described, cornl prisingnevaporating means, an upper corr' duit for passage of Vapor therefrom, a lower conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, a plurality ot condensingelements connect-v ed for down iiow of said vapor or condensed liquid between said conduits in parallel relation, a third conduit affording a path for the cooling medium to all said condensing elements in series from bottom to top, in each and thence to the evaporator, tofrether with means for discharging cooling liquid in excess ot that necessary to replenish the evaporator beforeI it reaches the evaporator.

5. A system of lthe class described, comprising,Y evaporating means, an upper con duit for passage of vapor therefrom, a lower conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, an elevated overflow outlet for the latter conduit, a plurality of u.' right condensingeleinents connected ior r ow of saidl vapor or condensed liquid between said conduits in parallel relation and a conduit aiifording a path for the cooling medium to all said condensing elements, said lower conduit being;y helovvA the upper. level of the liquid in said evaporating means.

G. A system of the class described, comprising evaporating means, an upper conduit for passage of vapor therefrom, a lower conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, an elevated overflow outlet for the latter conduit, a plurality of upright condensing elements connected for iiow of said yapor or condensed liquid between said conduits in parallel relation and a conduit aiiording a path for the cooling medium to all said condensing elements in series beginning stand-pipe for supplying to top in each and beginning with the one,

nearest 'the outlet of said discharge' conduitil 8. A system of the class described, comprising evaporating means, a conduit for passage of vapor therefrom, a conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, condensing elements connected for flow of' said vapor or liquid between said conduits, -a conduitv for supplying a cooling medium to said con-- densing elements, in combination with a liquid to the evap-4 orator below the surface of the liquid therein and a standpipe overflow for discharge of ,the condensed liquid fromV said die-rl charge conduit.

V9. A system of the class described, comprising evaporating means, a conduit. for

assage of vapor therefrom, a conduit for discharge of condensed liquid, condensing elements connected for flow of said vapor or liquid between said conduits, a conduit fbr supplying a cooling medium to said condensing elements, in combination `with a Vstand-pipe 4for supplying liquid to the evaporator below the surface of the liquid therein and a standpipe overflow for discharge of the condensed liquid from said discharge conduit, the hydrostatic head of said discharge stand-pipe being less/than the hydrostatic head of said supply stand-pipe.

10. A system ofthe class described, comprising evaporating1 means, a conduit for passage vof vapor t erefrom, a conduit for discharge 'of condensed liquid, condensing elements connected for'iow of said vapor i or liquid between` said conduits, a condu1t for supplying a cooling medium to said con densing elements, in combination with a stand-pipe for supplying liquid to the evaporator below the surface of the liquid therein and a stand-.pipe overflow for discharge of the condensed liquid fromsaid discharge conduit, the hydrostatic head of said disl evaporator.

]usting the height 'charge stand-pipe beingl less than the hydrostatic head of said supply standlpipe, a connection from the outlet of the cooling liquid to the supply stand-pipe and means lfor adto saidoverdow pipe/to regulatethe level of the liquid wit in the 11. A. s stem comprising evaporating means, con ensing means, and separate con-- duits operatively associated 1therewith' for the vapor supply, the coolin 'water supply and the condensed liquid ischarge, said condensing means including a pluralityA of similar standard .units each' comprising a cellular radiator element having thin metallic walls; an exterior casing therefor each casing being formed with inlets and outlets whereby it serves as a conduit section for the l cooling water; and, structurally yrigid/*with said casing, conduit sections ex. tending across the top and bottom thereof,`

the entrance and exit of said conduit sections being similarly and correspondingly arranged, and adjacent unitsy `directly coupled together to constitute the said three conduits.

` "12. A. system comprising evaporating- `means, condensing'means, and separate conduits operatively associated. therewith for the vapor supply, the cooling water supply and the condensed liquid-discharge,'said condensing means including a plurality of similary standard units each comprising a cellular radiator element having thin metallic walls, affording interior vertical passages forthevapor and "exterior transverse passages for passages rot' the cooling' water; an

exterior casing therefor formed with inlets and outlets whereby it serves as a conduit sec- 'rl tion for the cool-ing water, arranged to lead the cooling water 1n at the bottom and ,dis

charge it at the top vof the radiator element and structurally rigid with said casing', conduit sections extending acrossthe top and bottom thereof, the entrance. and exit ends of said yconduit sections being similarly and` correspondinglyl arranged, and adjacent units directly coupled together/toconstitte the said three conduits. 13. A system comprising evaporating means, condensingmeans/and separate con'-` duits operatively associated therewith-fmA the vapor supply, y.the/cooling water supply.,

and the condensed liquid discharge, said conf densing means including a plurality of similar standard units each comprising a cellular radiator element having thin metallic walls. affording interior vertical passages for the vapor and exterior transverse passages for passages of the cooling water; .a casing therefor, each casing being formed with central aligned inlets and outlets whereby itv serves as a section of the conduit for the cooling water arranged to llead the cooling. water in at lthe bottom and dischargegit at the top of the radiator element; and structurally rigid with said ca slng, conduit sections extending across the top and;y

bottom thereof, the entrance and enitander of said conduit sections being similarly'ffand. 'i

correspondingly arranged, and adjaceni units directly'coupled together to constitute the said three conduits. f

14. A' system comprising evaporatinfr mame? ineens, condensing means, and separate conduits operativel associated therewith for the vapor sn ply, .or the cooling water Supply and tor the condensed liquiddischargeysaid eyaporeting means including one ormore "similar standardnnits and said condensing means including a plurality ozt similar standard, units, each condenser unit comprising a cellular radiator element havingthin mef. walls and an exterior casing'therefor earl casing being formed with inlets and o its whereby it serves'as a conduitseci with each of said evaporating and 'cnislng units, conduit sections extending mince and exit ends of said conduit sections being similarly located and correspondingly arranged, and detachably coupled together to constitute the said conduits.

iii A system comprising one or more evaporator uni'ts and condenser units, said condenser units being similar and each comprising a cellular radiator clement having thin metallic walls and .an exterior casing therefor formed with inlets and4 outlets whercbyit serves as a section of the conduit s for the cooling water; and, structurally rigid,

with each of said' evaporator and condenser units, conduit sections extending across the top and 'bottom thereof, the entrance and enit ends of said conduit sections being sirnl .therefor formed with inlets and n for the cooling water; and, structurally f 'oss the top and 'bottom of each, the en? together to ilarly and correspondingly arranged, and adjacent units directly coupled together to constitute separate conduits for the vapor supply, for the cooling Water supply and for 'the 4condensed liquid discharge.

.16. A system comprising one or .more evaporator units and condenser units said condenser units being similar and eac comprising a cellular radiator element aving thin metallic walls and an exterior casing outlets whereby it Yserves as asection of the conduit or 'the cooling water; and, structurally rigid with each of said evaporatorand ycondenser units7` conduit sections extending across the top and bottom-thereof, the entrance and exit ends of said conduit sections lacing similarly andcorrespondingly arranged, and adjacent units directly coupled constitute separate conduite for the vapor supply, for th'e'ofoling water supply and for the condensed liquid discharge; together with, an intermediate con duit between adjacent denser units, embodying-a stand-pipe and e5 evaporator and conoverflow for controlling the cooling water i discharged from the condenser units.

Signed at Newark in the county of Essex July D. 1919. n

EDWARD onen BENJAMIN.

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