US1574615A - Roofing material - Google Patents

Description

Patnte'd Feb. 23, A1926.

c U/NIIED l,STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CORNELIUS S. FLEMING, OF BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, AOSSIGNOR T0 'THE PARAFFINE COMPANIES, INC., OF SAN WARE.

FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION or DELA- nOoFINe'MA'rnnIAL; i i

e Application led Novemberl 28, 1921'. Serial No. 518,281.

ToV all whom it may concern.' p

Be it known that I, CORNELIUS S. FLEM- INC., a citizen of the United States. of

N and particularly to roofings comprising a fibrous base impregnated with bituminous VAcompound and surfacedwith a .wearing coating on one or both sides of generally harder bituminous material.

One of the objects of the invention is the production of a roofing having greater attractiveness and -much greater durability than ordinary roofings o the same general type. Another object is the provision of a roofing material ea able of being acked for sale in rolls which does not em ody a heavy percentage of materialI whichadds little or nothing to the value of the material as roofing but which has hitherto been found necessary to prevent the Convolutions of the roll from sticking together.

My invention possesses other objects and features of'advantage, some of which, with the foregoing,`. will be set forth in the following description of my invention. It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the showing made by the said description, as I may adopt variant forms of my invention within the sco e of the claim.

Fig. 1 is a sectlonal View taken thru a piece of roofing made in accordance with my invention, the scalev of the component portions being somewhat exaggerated to more clearly indicatethe structure. Fig. 2r is a side elevation of a portion of the machine on which my roofing is manufactured. The

View is largely in diagram. 4

y 'Inthe manufacture of Ordinary felt roofl ings, a fibrous base of felted material is im-V 45 pregnated with a bituminous compound and thenja harder wearing coating of bituminous compound is applied. In order to prevent thematerial from sticking together in soapstone, limestone, mica, slate, or other` mineral powder. Sometime. wood flour has been used for the purpose. After vthe roof l lhas been leid, this material washes away or the rolls in which it is customarily sold, the.

is blown from the roofing and is of'little value in imparting durability or wearing qualities to the product. For one square,I that is 100 square feet, of roofing made according to the usual practice about'21/ 60- pounds of wood flour must be used to coat the roofing On both sides, or, if soapstone is used about five pounds is re uired. Thus it willkbe seen that in a roll o l roofing con- Y taining one square and wei hing 42` pounds 65 there will be but 391/2 poun" s of felt and asl haltic material `in the roll, the` remainder eing the wood powder used to revent adhesion, or, if soapstone is use the purchaser actually receives but 37 pounds of roofing material. y f

I have found that one of the substances commercially known as bronzing powders may be substituted in this surface coating for the soapstone or other mineral matter or wood flour with marked advantages. The material preferred is aluminum bronze powf der which imparts a silver-like appearance 'to the roofing when laid. The rade of aluminum bronze known as ine is well adapted for the purpose,y although coarser grades may be used, and as little as 4 ounces of it is suflcient to coat one square of roofing on both sides.A This quantity will efectually prevent'the sticking of the material in the roll and it shows no vtendency toward absorption into the coating' materials onv the base'. fiber even when stored in warm locations.

- It will\thus be seen that in a 42 pound roll of.

my roofing, the purchaser receives'nothing but roofing, 41% pouds of felt and asphaltic material and 1/4 pound of metallic'sur-A Y facing which greatl enhances 'the wearing qualities of the roofs.' Bronzing powder is in the form of nel divided flakes and when applied to the roo ing material in accordance with myinvention the overlapping flakes spread out scalelike over the surface of the wearing coating on which they are adhesivel)7 and securely held. As the weather, including"` in the term sunlight, the oxidation of theair and the impact of rain, is the cause of deterioration in bituminous roofing, anything whichserves as acomplete covering of the bituminous coating and which forms overlapping plates or Hakes and is opaque, as is metal, acts to` l' keep weather influences entirely away-from the bituminous material and herein liesthe reason for the high durabhty characteria- 110 ing my roong. Mica, it is true, formsiiakes upon the surface to which it is applledbut the mica coating is transparent andthe light striking thru to the bitumen sets up photochemical reactions which break down the bitumen and release the mica fiake from its adhesion. The fact that the metallic coating achieved in my process is especiall effective in preventing deterioration o the underlying bituminous layers is evidenced in the failure of such coatings to check or crocodile on exposure when surfaced with the metallic powder.

In Fig. 1 I have shown a section of roofing made in accordance with my invention. The base material 2 may be rooting felt saturated with a semi-solid asphalt or it may be a Iburlap saturated or partially saturated with asphalt or oils and having further quantities of asphalt or bituminous compounds forced into its meshes. If desired this base or foundation material may also be a bitu'minous' composition in sheet form but not involving a ibered, felted, or woven sheet or fabric as a foundation. That is, it may be a composition, plastic at elevated temf perature and rolled or otherwise fabricated into sheet form suitable to be a base for roolings. Or, it may be a plurality of individual sheets. cemented or secured together by suitable means as by an asphaltie cement. Upon-the surface of the base material are appliedcoatings 3 of bituminous compounds. Such a coating may be prepared bymelting and applying with rollers, D grade California asphaltum, which may have incorporated in it fillers of powdered mineral, orl

may be mixed with other bituminous materials properly to temperate it and give it durability. This coating ma be ap lied to only one side of the base i desirel The coating may assume the form of that illustrated in United States Letters Patent No. 1,357,920 granted to Herbert Abraham, Nov. 2, 1920, in which the coating contains unfelted fiber and constitutes the 'major partk of the roofing, being applied to vbut one side of the base felt. Upon the surface of the wearing coat 3 is ap lied the finely flaked metallic' particles or ronzing powder 4: in sufficient quantity to secure a one flake deep coverage. The minute flakes 4 tend to remain in place on the surface instead of sinking into the body of the material and are applied before the wearing coatin has fully hardened. Not only is the dura ility'.

of the roong wonderfully increased b the coating of metallic' Hakes but a building material is secured of genuinely attractive appearance and capable of artistic treatment wholly new in prepared rooings. Copper bronze powder-may bev used to secure a `cop er red effect, or 'gold bronze to give a gol en color to the roofing. v

In Fig 2 I have shawn, legali ,is dagram, an apparatus which, when incorporated with the usual roofing making machine, may be used to make my roofing. rllhe apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is installed in the roofing making machine at the point applied over the impregnated or saturated felt or fabric which constitutes the base of the finished product. This coating of wear-l ing material has not yet fully hardened after being spread in a heated condition and is adapted to receive-and retain a powdered or granular material sprinkled upon it. This is. accomplished by means of a vibrating box 7 from the foraminated bottom of which the liaked metallic particles are sifted over the web 6 as it passes below the box in the direction shown by the arrow 8. The box is ivoted at one end and is shaken by a multi-toothed cam 9 on each side of the web 6 and arranged to be engaged by arms 11 extending from the free end of the box. The cams 9 are both fixed on a shaft 12 rotated by suitable connection with a convenient portion of the roong making machine and as the cams revolve the box rises and falls thus effecting a sprinkling of the contents of the box upon the web. If that grade of bronzing powder known as line is used the bottom of the boX 7 may be formed of 60-mesh wire. A speed of 100 revolutions per minute of a six point cam, and 100 feet travel per minute for the roofing will'giv'e good results.

After receiving a coating of the finely llaked material on its upper surface, the web passes around a water-cooled drum 13 to which it is prevented from adhering by the powdered material already a plied. Means are provided at this point or applying a coating of the metallic powder to the underside of the web. Secured to a rod 14, suitably supported below the drum 13, and extending below and partially around the drum is a receptacle 16 comprising a canvas or other fabricsheet or bag, the upper end of which is rolled about a roller 17. A quantity 18 ofthe fine liaked material to be applied is ceptacle so'that as the we 6 passes about the drum 13 its outer surface is brought into intimate contact with the powder and is thoroughly coated thereby; From time to time the roller 17 is turned as the quantity of powder decreases to bring the receptacle- 16 closer to the drum. Any suitable means may be used for the control of the roller 125 17, such as the crank 19 and ratchet 2l.

From the drum 13, the web, now having a coating on both sides, passes over a drum 22, and a brush '23 engaging the surface to which the @ating Westra applied, .remove laced in the re- 'adheresto the underside ofthe web, but if yIlesary"abrush-similar to-Vthe -`brush 23 1 ,mayl arranged 'againstathe 'back orv .un- `e'lerside of 'the -'we b tobrush the surfplus 2.516; y y It lisof course obvious'that onlyone 'side "of the web may be treated. instead ofb'oth 15'" sides since the side-of vthe IOOfillg- MKM th/e sheathing 5 boardslis not subject toweather exposures and under ordinary conditions need not 'be -given the protective y. metallic I the bronzing powder,a proportion of powderused/to', replace some lofy the bronzing pow'- 'den course the qualities ofya4 ".still highly attractive; and :under some con- -ditions, thefact'or of cost may makethe'dipowkder',.iff any,bakintothereceptacle o v :A roofing having avbase of fibrous material, a coat of bituminous material on the" fibrous' material, a surface coating of fine'A -ly ilalszed` metallic particles adhesively reroofingso made-'are not equal tool-1e in which the surface is coated only with the metallic flakes,l but even with`considerable1` i admixtureof the lsoapstone, the coloi` is lution of the metallicpowdrs advisable. I claim:

tained bythe bituminous coat in overlap- Aping. relation, in a manner 'characterized by', the sprinkling'of said .particles on the bituminous coat when the bituminous coat is (in asoftened heated condition.

11i testimony whereof, I h ve hereunto set i CORNELIUS S:;FLEMING' lf

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