US1565885A - Pneumatic pump - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 15 1925- 1,565,885

B. s. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMP Il ll L 33 Deco B. S. AIKMAN FNEUMATIC PUMP Filed Sept. 10, 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 amig.

DecN 15, 1925.` 1,565,585

B. S. IKMAN PNEUMATI C PUMP Dec. 1s, 1925- B. S. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMP Filed sepc 1o, 1921 9 sheets-sheet s B. S. AIKMAN PNEUMATIC PUMP B s. AIKMAN PNEUHATIC PUMP Filed Sept. 10, 1921 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 fw l1 i l {diff/65565,' I @fmeiz W' Dec. 15, 1925. 1,555,885

B, s. AIKMAN PNEUMATIG PUMP Filed sept. 1o, 1921 9 Sheets-sheet @1%@55 95X @fmt/57273# Dee. 15,1925. 1,565.885 A B. S. AlKMAN PNEUMAT I C PUMP Filed sept. 1o, 1921A 9 sheets-sheet s f1/595,565 E, L y a. Iv. w, @fat Patented Dec. 15, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFEIcE.

BURTON S. AIKMAN, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL BRAKE ELECTRIC COMPANY, VF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCON- SIN.

PNEUMATIC PUMP.

Application filed September clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing/, forming a part of this specification.

' invention relates to pneumatic pumps.v

The present invention relates to the same general subject matter as my prior application, Serial No. 50941 and my prior patents particular NOS. 1,55c,5s4,1,s59,945, 1,357,671

and reissue No. 14,946 upon which the present construction is an improvement.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a. )neumatic ump of the greatest possible reliability and certainty of opera.- tion. Reliability isthe fundamental requirement and it must be secured because an unfailing water supplyv is an essential requirement 'for animal and human existence. There reliance is placed upon a pneumatic pump for supplying water to the farmer and iis stock, it is generally done because of the` superior quality of the water so furnished, namely, fresh from the well as it is called for. But this fresh from the well character of the system is an unmixed blessing only if the system is dependable and operates invariably upon demand. Since the water is drawn from the well only as it is used there is no storage or reserve. Hence, failure of the pump is felt immediately and keenly.

In producing the pump of the present invention I have followed air brake practice as far as possible since this art of air. brakes has been developed to a point of almost unbelieveable reliability. Simplicity is of course desirable since it tends to greater reliability and lower cost.

In the present pump I believe Ihave developed a simpler and more rugged pump than any now on the market. I have avoided mechanical connections and mechanical operating parts wherever possible and have depended. upon neumatic elements of proven type and character because'I Vfind that greater @liability results from .the use 10, 1921- Serial No. 499,816.

of fluid pressure transmission than mechanical transmission. I have largely dispensed with springs. The parts have been so designed and arranged asto minimize the evil effects of sand, dirt, grit or other impurities in the water. Due to the pneumatic transmission instead of mechanical transmission, the controlling valves of the pump'may be placed at the head of the well or at the pump as desired.

The valve mechanism and head of the pump present certain novel features in themselves.

The float which I employ as a controlling member for unbalancing pressures for the several valve members is of a novel character as will be more apparent from the following description There are other novel features to which attention will be called in the following specification and claims:

In order to tea-ch those skilled in the art with the manner of constructing and operating my invention, I shall now describe in connection with the accompanying drawings certain embodiments of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing-s:

Figure l is a vertical axial section of the head and upperk end of the barrel of a pump embodying my invention;

Figure 2 is a similar view of the foot casting and the lower end of the barrel of the pump shown in Figure l;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the pump;

Figuret 4 is a horizontal section of the head taken on the line 4--4 of Figure l;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the head taken on line 5-5 of Figure S;

Figure 6 is a. side elevation as viewed from theright of Figure l;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary section of the head showing the position of the exhaust port and the exhaust valve 10;

Figure 8 is'a horizontal section through the head taken on line 8 8 of Figure 1;

Figure 9yis a rear elevation of the head casting showing the seat for the diaphragm Figure l()v is a left side elevation of the head casting;

Figure 1,0a is a fragmentary Section of a,

moditied form of water discharge outlet showing the use of a built in check valve;

Figure 11 is a face view of the cap;

Figure 12 is a section Ythrough the cap taken on the line 12-12 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a section taken on the line 153-13 of Figure 11; and

Figure 14 is a plan view of the diaphragm for operating the main valve mechanism.

The above figures all relate to a modified form of construction in Which the relief or low level control valve is mounted in the bottompart of the pumping chamber. The following figures, to-Wit, Figures 15 to 19, inclusive, show, the preferred form of construction in which the relief or control valve is placed in the head of the pump;

Figure 15` is an elevational view partly in sections of a modified form of pump having the relief valvev mounted in the head. This view shows only the upper portion of the pump;

Figure16 shows a longitudinal section of the lower part ofthe pump shown in Figure 15;

`Figure 17 is afragmentary section taken `on the line 17--17 of Figure 15;

i F ignre 18 isa front elevationalviewof the head of thepump; and

Figure 19 is a horizontal sect-ion taken through the relief valve on theline 19-19 ofjFigures 15 and 18.

Figures 2O to 29, inclusive relate to. a second modification;

Figures 20land 21 show in longitudinal vertical ,section,.a 4modified form of pump en'iploying a piston for separating the air and'water and 'for operating the relief valve which is placcdpin the'foot casting;

Figure I22 isa vertical section of the, head taken on line22--22 of-:Figure 20;

Figure 28 is a transverse Section of the lpun'iptaken on theline 234-23 of Figure 21;

Figure 24 is a similar section taken on the line 24-24 of Figure 21;

Figure 25 is a plan view of the head casting of the pump shown in Figure 20;

Figure 26 is ahorizontal section of the head casting taken`on the line 26-26 of Figure 20;

Figure 27 is a right side elevation of the head casting shown in Figure 25;

VFigure. 28 is a fragmentary section ot' the head taken on the line 28-28 of vFigure 25; Figure 29 is a horizontal section similar to Figure 26 taken on the line 29-29 of Figures 20 and 27; and

Figure 30 is a diagrammatic layout of a system employing a pump embodying my invention.

Referring now Ato Figure 8O it will be seen that I haveherein indicated in diagrammatic form a system embodying -myin'vention, The ypumpl4 'is .submerged in the mined maximum.

water of the well 2, this pump having three connections thereto, namely, the water discharge pipe 3, the air supply pipe 4 and the exhaust connection 5. `The water discharge pipe 3 contains a check valve 6 which check valve may be mounted in the head oil the pump if desired, as will be explained in detail later. VThe discharge pipe 3 leads to an air chamber which is known as a steady flow chamber 7 of a construction shown in my copending application, Serial No. 456,842 tiled March 80, 1921. This steady flow chamber preferably embodies a second check valve for maintaining the pressure of an air bubble or cushion in ythe vchamber 7. F rom thence, the discharge pipe 3 leads to the distributing pipes 8 and 9, the pipe 8 ,leading to a faucet 10 in connection with the water or plumbing system of a house or the like. The distributing pipe 9 leads to a water connection controlled by a cock of.' valve12 such as may be suitable for watering stock, sprinkling purposes or whatever else is deemed desirable. The pump 1 is operated from the compressed air stored in the reservoir 13, this reservoir being periodically charged with air under pressure from the compressor 14, which compressor is driven by the electric motor 15 or other suitable source of motive power.

The electric motor is controlled by a suitable controller 16 Which serves also as a shutoff valve in the delivery pipe 17 between the compressor and the storage tank or reservoir 1,3. The particular construction of this controller 16 is shown in my co-pending application Serial No. 456,843, filed March 30, 1921, and it operates to cut in the compressor when the pressure in the main reservoir 13 drops toI a predetermined minimum and serves to cut off the compressor when the pressure in said reservoir rises to a predeter- The delivery pipe. for compressed air from the Atank 13 passes through va control valve 18 which control valve has a connection 19 running therefrom back to the controller 16. This control valve 18 operates normally as a reducing valve for reducing the pressure on the pump 1, but it is manually operable toimpose the full pressure of the reservoir 13 upon the pump l for lire purposes, or it may be employed lo start the compressor 14 in order to raise the pressure in the tank 13 for the purpose of pumping up automobile tires and the like by way of pipe 20. This particular control valve and its function is explained in my copending application, Serial No. 493,566 tiled Aug. 19, 1921, now Patent No. 1,462,842.

One embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 14, inclusive. This pump comprises the head member 21 and the foot member 22 betweenwhieh head and foot members a piece of tubing, preferably brass or bronze and con which has the double valve tubing yis connected. The head member tension elements including the water discharge pipe 24, the control valve casing 25, and the hollow stud member 26 with the nut 27 upon the lower end thereof. Thesevmembers which `are placed in tension thrust the head and toot ymembers towards each other upon the ends ot the tube 23 thereby compressing the ` gaskets 28 and 29 to form a 2 tight tit.

The foot member 22 Vhas an inlet check valve 39 seating upon a pair oitpannular seats and 32 for closing off the annular water space 33 which communicates with thewa-ter y in the well through a screen 34 which -is held in place by the nut 2T. The nut 27 is adapted to 'form a water tight connection with the sleeve 35 which, at its upper end, forms the' :umular valveseat y32. The valve ,30 is of relatively large area. and has a small hit, thereby reducing the pounding of this valve when the pressure is applied ior expelling the water from the pump. rlhereby, the

wear on this valve is materially decreased.l The water discharge pipe 24 is threaded at lowe end into the control valve casing 25 unicates`\,rith the lower end ot the through the annular vport 3G Si' surroundpu um eh amber seat ing the same. c

'lhe hou ng contains vater chamber 21S which is closeout its lower end by the flexible diaphragm 39, this diairihragm bein g clamped at its edges between the two circular blocks 49 andv 41., The circular' blocks 40 and41 are set in a` counterbore in the lower rnfl et the casting forming thehousing 25 and the blocks and 41 are relieved to form a cular channel extending completely around the adjacent end of these blocks. The block 49 has a. series of valve ports, three in `mimber preferably, one vot" these valve ports being shown at 4?) communicating with a passageway 44 which vin turn connects with f the annular passageway 42. The lower block 4l is threaded into the lower end of the housing member to clamp the diaphragm 239 iirmly, and this block has a number oit' radial arms running to a central hub 45, this hub being bored out and thrxaded to rereive the upper rnd oi the hollow stud 2G. A passageway 46 is drilled through the interior ot the hollow hub and connects the passageway 42 with. the passageway 47 running through the hollow stud 26. It will be noted that the passageway 47 extends through the stud to the outside of the pump, that is, into the well.

The diaphragm is clamped between two plates or heads which stem is connected at its upper end to a valve 51 having a yielding face 52 adapted to cooperate with the three relief ports 43 previously explained. The stem 50 extends 455 and 49 by the stem 50,`

yways 44. Thus, the pressure prevailing in the chamber 38 has free access to theupper side `of the diaphragm 89 and the pressure within the pump chamber has 'free access to the lower side of the diaphragm 39. I find that the valve 51 closes automatically because of the weight thereof and the weight of the diaphragm, but I mayY employ a spring set in the recess in the hub member 58. The internal pressure also tends to hold the valve 51 against the valve ports 48 until the diaphragm 39 is forced upwardly to open the valve 51 whereby the pressure in the chamber 38 is discharged into the well.

The valve port 36 through which the water vis discharged trom the pump chamber into the discharge pipe 24 is adapted to be controlled by a float member 55. The construction of this float member is novel initself. It comprises a central cork body or" hollow cylindrical form protected by rubber walls 58 completely enclosing the same. Flat rubber discs 59 and 60 are connected by relatively thin necks 61 and 62 to the main body of the float to render these rubber faces or valve members relatively flexible and yielding in order to cooperate properly with the corresponding valve seats. Hard rubber guides in the shape of short cylindrical sleeves 63 and 64 are vulcanized on the -inside of the bore of the tloat and they serve to guide the float upon the pipe 24.

'adapted to close oli completely the port 3G even though the same be slightly irregular or not exactly at right angles to the tace ot Vthe valve member 60.

A ring of soft rubber is placed at in a corresponding position with respect to the valve member 59. This rubber ring is employed to provide a yielding .backing tor the valve disc 59. The upper valve ring or disc 59 cooperates w'th a similar annular valve port (57 having the double valve seat GS iormed at the lower side of the head member 21.

The head member 21 is provided with. suitable pipe connections tor the pipes El, 4 and 5, the water discharge pipe El being threaded into a suitable socket 88 and communicating by way of a diagonal passageway S9 with the upper end ot the water discharge pipe 24. As previously explained, a check valve may be mounted in the head as shown in Figure 10a in this case the socket SS `tor receiving the pipe 3 has the ball check valve,

lying limmediately below the same, this valve cooperating with a valve seat 91which `has a small leakaOe assae'ewa l92 cut in vmay be omitted, but I prefer to apply the same in 'order to insure reversal v'of the pump. lThe head of the pump also provides a threaded socket 93 to which is connected the exhaust pipe 5. The exhaust pipe 5 communicatesthrough the head of the pump with a relativelyrestricted passageway 94 lying immediately above the annular valve port 95 which valve port is provided with the two surrounding annularl valve seats 96 and 97. The valve port 95 is controlled by the exhaust valve 98 which yhas a vyielding face 99 for cooperating with saidiseats 96 and 97. The valve port 95 opens into a chamber 100 in which the exhaust valve is mounted, the chamber being closed off on one side by the flexible diaphragm 101, the diaphragm being clamped betweenthe back of the exhaust valve 98 yand a follower plate 102 by means of the valve stem 103, which stem is guided in a closely itting bore formed through the headvmember 21 f and which stem carries at its opposite.v end the admission valve member 105 to Acontrol the admission of motive fluid to the pump chamber as will be described more in detail later.

A pressure chamber 106 is formed within a cap member 107 on the outer side of the diaphragm 101, this chamber 106 communicates with a passageway 108-109 which is drilled through the boss 110 on the cap member 107. (See Figures 11 and 12). The passageway 109 communicates through the wall of the head with the waterpassageway 89 communicating with the `water discharge pipe of the pump. In other words, vthe diaphragm 101 is subjected on the left side, as viewed in Figures 1 and 5,- to the pressure of the water in the water discharge pipe t and passageway-89, while the diaphragm is subjected on the right hand` side in the chamber 100 to the pressure of the working fluid prevailing in the top of a pump chamber. The pressure chamber 100 in which the exhaust valve 98 is mounted communicates with the upper end of the pump chamber through the passageway 111 and the annular valve port 67.

A small leakage passageway 112 may be drilled through the side walls of the outer valve seat 68 to permit the float to leave the valve seat more readily if desired. This leakage port is optional.

rlhe air supply pipe 4 as shown on Figure 30 is threaded into the socket 113 and communicates by -way of a passageway 114 with a. chamber 115 `l'ormedin the head of the pump. The chamber 'l1-5 is `closed .at its outer end by the screw 110 which plugs the uopening .formed during the machining operation of the head. VThe admission valve l05seatsupon a valve seat 117 which separates the chamber 115 from the port 118.

.The port118 communicates with the top of theV pumping chamber.

rJfhe valve seat 117 -is provided with a score 117 shown in exaggerated form in Figs.

1, 5,;17-and 20` to permita certain amount=I of air to leak past when the valve 105 is closed. Instead of this'arrangement a small hole may be drilled through from the chamber. 115 to the .passageway 118. :The purpose of the score 117" is to permit a small amount of air to fflow pastlthe air admission valve .to insure reversal when the water has filled the pump chamber. The score on the valve vscat; is preferable since it is self cleaning at each operation of the valve.

The operation of this form of my invention is asffollows: Assuming that the pump is properly supplied with compresed air and .assuming that the pump is submerged in liquid sufliclent to till the same continuously,

let it be lassumed that the exhaust valve has justbeen opened and the admission valve closed, and that the inlet valve 30 will now open to rell the pumping chamber. The

inlet check valve 30 may be provided with' a relatively flexible spring to normally hold the same closed, but as I have shown the pump such -a spring is not essential. The check valve 30 opens and the submergence pressure of the water in the well forces the water up around the annular passageway 120 around the control valve body 25 raising `the float. As the level of the water rises to a point where the float engages the annular valve seat G8 `.about the port 67, the sudden closing of this port shuts off further dis- `charge of air from vthe pumping chamber `and the inrushing water both due to the submergence pressure and to the inertia of movement creates a pressure in the pumping chamber Vwhich is transmitted.through the ports 36 through the control valve chamber 38 thereby insuring first the closing oi the relief valve 51 and tending to increase the pressure on the left side of the diaphragm 101to close the exhaust valve and open the admission valve. That is to say, the reversal of the valves may be accomplished solely by this submergence pressure. I have provided, however, for reversal of the valves independently of the submergence pressure, and this comprises the leakage passageway on the valve seat 117. then the float 5G rises it closes oft' the port 67 so that no further exhaust air can escape by way or' the exhaust valve. vThe air which then leaks past the admission valve 105 tends to create a pressure upon the top of the water in the pump chamber, which pressure kis transl.inttfxlY to Athe diaphragm ,101, on the/.Side .o

llt)

the lchamber 106, 'The area of the dia- )hradiu 101 as com iared withethe area oi'.-

thevalve 105 is such that the valve 105 is quickly started from .its seat opening the saine and closing the exhaust valve 98. The pressure of the live air on top of the water begins tojfo'i'ce the water down through the passageway 36 out the di charge pipe 24, the passageway S9 and through the water discharge pipe During this discharge, the pressure of water above and below'the diaphragm 39 is substantially equal so that there is no tendency for the diaphragm to operate the valve 51. However, the valve 51 is held to seat with the pressure of the water because the valve ports 43 open to thel outside and' thus the pressure of the liquid on the inside tends to hold the valve 51 closed. As soon as the level descends to a point where the valve member 60 on the lower part ofthe float 55 closes off the port 36 a different pressure will immediately be created. The rise of pressure of the motive fluid in the pump chamber operates upon the lower side of the diaphragm 39 and forces the control valve 51 upwardly opening the port 43 and permitting relief of the pressure iu the chamber 38. By the opening of the valve 51 a certain part of the liquid from thechaiiiber 38`to escapes through the port 43, passageways 44, 42, 46, 47 to the exterior of the pump into the well so that the pressure within the discharge pipe 24 and the chamber 38 drops to substantially zero or to subinergence pressure. This drop of pressure is transmitted through the port 109 to the diaphragm chamber 106 on the lefthand side of the diaphragm 101. Since the pressure of the motive fluid within the pump has access to the right lside of the diaphragm 101 by way lof the port 67, passageway 111, chamber 100, the drop in pressurein the chamber 106 is followed by an immediate movement of the diaphragm 101 io the left thereby opening the exhaust valve 98 and closing the admission valve 105 with a quick snap movement. The opening of the exhaust. valve 98 is accompanied by an immediate drop in pressure of the motive fluid in the pump chamber. The discharge exhaust passageway 94 may be slight-k ly restricted iii order toinsure that the diaphragm 101 will attain a slight pressure while the level of water is rising to fill the Naturally, as soon as the pressurepump. of motive iiuid in the pumping chamber drops below sul'imergence pressure, the water enters by way of the check valve 30, raises the float 55 from the valve port 36 and moving the float upwardly until the upper valve member 59 attached to the float 55 closes 0h:1 the valve seat 68. During the time offilling'` the pump chamber the leak on the seat 1 17 merely by-passes a small amount of live air. This goes out the exhaust passage 111 to atmosphere. 4The pressure of the motive fluid upon the valve 105 tends to hold it in closed position.l As soon, however, as the valve member 59 oii the fioat 55 closes the port 67 and exhaust outletpassageway 111, such leakage of live aii is prevented from going out the exhaust passageway and operates substantially to create a small pressure upon the liquid trapped inthe pumping chamber. This pressure is transmitted through the discharge pipe 24, through the passageway 109, through the diaphragm chamber 106 closing the exhaust valve 98. As a result, the diaphragm 101 is moved to the right as shown in Figure 1 closing the exhaust valve aiid'opening the admission valve. This ad- -inits live air freely to the top of the water in the chamber and begins to drive the .same out continuously. y

The small passageway 112 is provided to fill `the passageway 111 and the chamber 100 with air so that the pressure upon opposite sides of the valve member 59 may equalize to let the iioat drop freely with the level of the water after the pressure of the motive fluid is freely applied to the top of the'wa'ter.

'As previously pointed out, there is a teii den'cy for the subinergence pressure to close the exhaust valve and open the check valve and where a. submergence of a fair amount is assured, this would invariably be SuliCient toreverse'the main valve. The relatively narrow annular passageway 120 between the body 25 and the side walls of the pump serve'to retard the downward movement of the water to prevent the violent pounding of the intake check valve 30 upon its seat.

`There is a further tendency of the air admitted `by the leakage past the admission valve to cushion the application of the motive fluid at least to the extent of having the intake valve 30 closed before live air is freely admitted to the top of the pumping chamber. y

' I now wish to call attention to the fact that in this pump not a single spring is einployed and yet the pump is positively operative for every condition to which a faucet controlled pneumatic pump may be subjected. If water is withdrawn slowly, there is no danger of a blow-over since the seating of the valve member 60 attached to the float 55 .upon the valve seat 37 of the passageway 36 secures a positive differential of pressure between the air pressure and the water pressure and thereby secures operation of the main diaphragm 101 for shifting the main valves. y

It will further beobserved that I have followed air brake practice and that every valve or control operation is secured through pressure differences and fluid transmission with as little mechanical connectionas is possible. First of all.l the admission valve lll.'

ences inpressure on opposite sides ofa working diaphragm or piston.. The vcontrol or relierl valve 51 operatesinthe samemanner. In each instance, after the preponderance ot' pressurenstarts in a .given direction, such start invariably increases the pressure dilerences so that an action once initiated invariably goes to the final state.

In expelling the water the dropping `of the float 55 upon the valve seat lirst initiates a reduction of pressure on the upper side ofthe diaphragm 39. This opens the valve andncreases the reduction in pressure. The reduction in pressure of the water in the dis.- charge pipe 24 causes a reduction in pressure upon the balanced diaphragm member 101- so that ithel air pressure starts to move the diaphragm over. In doing so it opens the exhaust valve thereby further calling in the aid ot. the admissionvalve 105 whichis held to its seat by pressure.

Vhen the float withits connected valve .-59.k seats against the valveseat 68 duringthe lillingstroke, the pressure on the right side et the diaphragm 101 isI decreased,and the pressure onthe left side of thesame is.in creased. whereupon the:v main. valve is snapped acrossin the opposite direction.v

I shall now describefthe preferred form of the pumpillustrated in Figures to 195i inclusive.

In the embodiment of Figures 15 to. 19, in`

elusive, -I have placed the controllingvalve which I sometimes term theA reliefvalve, in the head.since the operation of the diaphragm for this valve is operated by uid pressure. The principle of operation -is substantially identical with=that of the embodiment shown ir; Figures 1 to 14, inclusive. The `head member 121 has a threaded socket 122 for connection with the live air pipe, a threaded socket123 for connectionwith the exhaust pipe 5, and a threaded socket 124. forcounectiou with the water deliveryppipe 3.

Si, controllingl {ioat 55 of substantially iden-v tical construction with the one previously described is-employed in this type of pump. 'Iheoot' member 125 is of substantially the same design and construction asV the foot member ot' thepreviously described pump and it employs a similar inlet check valve guided on the stud 126. The pumping che.

..eer is 't'oi'lned on the inside of the length discharge pipe 24. A circular valve seats 132 whlch are adapted of seamless tubing 23 and it is held against the gaskets 2S and 29 'by the water discharge pipe which threads atV its upper end into the cap threads on the lower end of the stud 126 v and presses against the sleeve formed integral ywith the foot casting 125. A screen 34 is heldover the inlet opening.

The waterfdischarge box 127 has three valve ports 130 all of which discharge into the common-central chamber 131 whichcommunicates with the lower end oi' the water These valve ports have to be closed otl simultaneously by the valve member mounted upon the iioat 55. I have found 'that in practice three separate valveseats of this character are preferable to the complete annular seat `because of the better sealing which is secured between the. lowerend oflthe float andl such separateV valve seats. These valve seats are three in number and therefore are easily covered by the valve vmember 60. The headmember 121 has on its lower surface the annular port 133 provided with the circular valve seats 1344-135, this valve port being adapted to be closedotf bythe val ve member 59`at the top/of the float 55 whenthe water has lilled the pump chamber.

The relief or controlling valve structure 136 is mounted in the head of the pumpas previously indicated in a position where itA is substantially free of all. diliculties which might be .caused by sand or impuritiesy in the water. This structure comprises an operating stem 137 which is splayed or squared as indicated in Figures 15 and 19 to provide anadditional passageway through the guide member 138 'for relievingthe pressure in the water. discharge pipe 24 and connected passageways as willbe described later. An operating piston formed by the diaphragm 139 and the clamping` heads 140 and 141 is connected to the righthand end of the stem 137 as indicated in Figure 15. The other end of the stem has connected thereto the relief or controlling valve 142, which relietl or controlling valve has a yielding face 143 for cooperation with the double valve seat 144 that controls the annular relief passageway or port 145. A helical spring 146 tends to move the diaphragm 139 to the right iu Figure 15 for closing the relief valve 142. The relief valve 142 is mounted in a chamber 147 formed vpartly by a recess in the head casting and. partly by a recess in thecap member 148, and this chamber isv always in communication with the water discharge pipe 24 by way of the passageway 149. The diaphragm member 139 which 'is connected to the valve stem 13'(- for operating the valve 142 is clamped between a cap'member 150 and the adjacent vportion of the head member. The cap 'contains a recess' or cylinder 151 which communicates by way of the passageway 152-153 withthe valve port 133 controlled by the float 55. It will be seen that the diaphragm chamber 151 is adapted to be in commmiication withthe pump chamber and vto receive the pressure ofthe motive fluid during the discharge stroke of the pump. The Opposite face of the diaphragm 139 is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the water discharge pipe and in the water discharge passageway leesince this 'diaphragni Yforms a wall across an opening 155 coinnumicating with said water passageway 151. The water discharge passageway 1511 is controlled by a ball check valve 156, which ball check valve may also be provided with a leak as previously explained in connection withY the prior embodiment.

The annular valve porti145 of the relief valve communicates by way of a drilled passageway 157 and a cooperating passageway 158 with the exhaust connection 123. This exhaust connectionhas a relatively restricted exhaust passageway 159 which leads to an annular exhaust port 160 having the double seat 161 cont-rolled by an exhaust valve 162 having a yielding face 163 and secured to a flexible diaphragm 164`by means of the valve stem 166 and the follower plate 165. The exhaust valve 162 lies in a recess in the head casting 167, which recess is covered by the diaphragm 164.

The valve chamber 167 communicates by way of the Vexhaust passageway 170 with the interior of the pump through the port 103 which is surrounded by the double circula-r valve seat 134-435. The diaphragm chamber 169 which is formed in cap 168 communicates bv way of adrilled passageway17 1 172 with the water passageway 154 below the check valve 156.

The air connection 122 communicates by way of a short passageway 175 with a chamber 176 the outer end of which is closed by the screw plug 177, this chamber being formed to receive the admission valve 178 which is mounted yon the outer end of the valve stem 166. The valve stem 166 having the valve 178 integral therewith fits in a closely fitting bore through the head-wasting and connects with the exhaust valve 162 and diaphragm 164 previously referred to. The seat 17 9 of the admission valve 178 may contain a scratch or groove to permit a leakage of air if desired in order to insure reversal. The valve port 179 communicates with an admission Vpassageway 180 leading to the top of the pump chamber.

It will be noted that I have provided a conical spring 181'0r the admission valve 3() and have yprovided a spring 146 for the control valve 142, but these springs may be omitted. In fact, I have operated the device without these springs with entire satisfaction.

The operation of this term of tne pump is as follows:

Assuming that the discharge sti-olie has just been complet-ed and that the relietl valve 142 has just been opened causing a reduction of pressure in the diaphragm chamber 169 and causing opening of the exhaust valve, the admision valve is closed and the compressed air within the pump escapes through the restricted exhaust passageway 159 holding the exhaust valve open during such discharge and the check valve 30 being opened to permit the 'water level to rise within the pump chamber. level rises in the pump chamber the iloat rises with it until the upper valve member 59 strikes the valve seats 134 135 closing ofi both the exhaust passageway 170 and the diaphragm chamber passageway 153. As a result the submergence4r pressure is tran-smitted through the water outlets 130 to the water discharge pipe 21 to diaphragm chamber 169 and to the left side oiI the diaphragm 139 as shown in Figure 15. At the saine time, the exhaust valve 164 is closed and the admission valve 17 8 is opened. This'begins the discharge stroke. Assuming however, that the submergence pressure was insulicient to shift the exhaust and admission valves, this may be accomplished either by the leakage of air past the seat 179 of the admission valve 178 which places a` small pressure upon the water contained in the pumping chamber, which pressure is not permitted to escape out of the exhaust passageway, nor is it permitted to escape into the diaphragm chamber 151` but instead causes the pressure of the liquid in the pump chamber to act upon diaphragms 139 and 164 closing the reliety valve 14:2 and the exhaust valve 164.- and opening the admission valve 178. rllhe result is reversal ot the main valve.

I have previously mentioned a. leal; which may be formed ou the seat ot the ball cheek valve 156 on the water discharge line. This may be utilized to secure reversal of the pump instead of a leak on the seat of the admission valve 17 8.

I have provided a. leak in the valve seat 135 as shown at 182 to permit the floating valve 55 to be released from the valve port 133 when the water begins to move out of the pump. As the water is driven out ot the pump, it flows out through the valve ports 130 through the chamber 131, pipe 24, through the passageway 154 past the check valve 156 and out tothe water line The pressure oi the water in this line is transmitted to the left side of the diaphragm 139 As the water as viewed in Figure 15 and to the left side o't the diaphragm 164: as viewed in Figure 17, thereby holding both ot' these valves closed. Air pressure ot substantially the same value acts uponV the opposite sides of .hose diaplnagms, but duo to thc i" act that the eii'ective area in each ase is in iavor of the water pressure the valves are closed. In the case ot the control valve 1412 the water pressure tends to force the valve against its annular seats 11st because the port 1115 communicates with the exhaust passageway. '1l he result is that the valve is held to its seat by pressure and since the pressures of water and ot air upon the two sides orp the diaphragm 139 are substantially equal the preponderance is now in favor ot' holding the valve to seat. In the same way, the exhaust valve 162 seats with pressure against the exhaust port and the pressures upon the two sides of the diaphragm are substantially equal with the result that during this stage ot operation the exhaust valve is lirmly held to its seat, the admission valve being also held open. As soon as the level lowers to the point where the water discharge passageways 130 are closed b y the fioat 155, a reduction in water pressure is caused immediately due to the fact that further flow et water is prevented and a 'further iiow ot air into the pumping chamber increases the pressure of the same whereby the air pressure is able to move the diaphragm 139 to the lett opening the control valve 142 quickly and readily permitting an escape ot pressure from the water passageways below the check valve 156. This in turn causes a reduction in the water pressure in the chamber 169 on the lett of diaphragm 164 whereby the eX- haust valve is thrown open by movement ot the diaphragm to the lett and the admission valve 17 8 is thrown to the closed position.

The pressure of the compressed air is immediately depleted in the pumping chamber, the relief valve 42 closing. but the exhaust valve remaining' open until the filling stroke is completed. The filling stroke brings the tloat 55 against the valve seats 13-135 thereby causing a change in pressures upon the diaphragm 16-1 through either ot the three methods reterred to or by the conjoint action of one or more ot the same, namely, by submergence, by the admission of a small amount of air by leakage, or by the return of a small amount of water by leakage as previously discussed.

It will be obvious that after the movement of a valve is once started, it will be thrown to its extreme position because of the peculiar character o't the normally balanced pressures becoming unbalanced. When the float closes oit the port 133, the passageways 153 and 170 are closed off with the result that the leakage of a small amount of air places pressure upon the top of the water which is transmitted through these passage,

ways 130, chamber 131, pipe 24, to the lett of diaphragm 189 and to the left ot diaphragm 161. Due to the provision ol spring 1-146 the relief valve 142 may have closed previously, but it no spring is eu'iployed, the tendency at once is to close this valve and hold the same closed and thereafter the exhaust -valve is moved to closed position and the admission valve to open position with a snap action. rhis snap action is secured primarily because of' the lifting ot the admission valve 178 and the consequent sudden rise in pressure in the chamber 169 on the lett side ot the diaphragm 16st.

ln the embodiment shown in Figures 20 io 29, inclusive, the head member and toot member 186 are connected together' by an outer barrel or sleeve 23 similar to the previous embodii'i'ient, but on the inside the tension member between said head member and toot member include a second sleeve slightly smaller than the lirst, this sleeve 187 being formed of a length of seamless tubing threaded at its upper end to a dcpending` portion 188012 the head member 1185. At its lower '0nd, the inner tube 1ST is threaded toa spider member 189 which has an outer ring upon which the tube is threaded and an inner hub member 190 con nected by suitable arms. The hub member 190 is bored out and counter-bored to receive the relief valve 191, this valve being guided in the upper portion et the hub 190 and being adapted to make a tig-ht seat therewith. The lower part of the hub 190 is threaded to receive the hollow stud 192 which has a central bore 193 leading to the outside of the pumping chamber. A nut 194Y is threaded to the lower end ot the hollow stud 192 thereby holding the head 185 and the toot 186 upon the end o'f the barrel 23. A plunger member 195 which is provided with cup leather packing 196 and 197 is mounted to slide Freely on the end of the working barrel 1537. The space between the sleeves 167 and 23 is annular in term. This annular space 19tl serves as awater dischai y'e passageway from the working barrel 187 as will be explained later. The guiding piston member 195 carries a poppet valve 199 cooperating with a seat 200 formed in the lower end ot the head casting, this seat controlling the exhaust valve passageway 170 which has a port at this point. The valve 199 and seat 200 are centrally located with respect lo the bore ot the working cylinder 187. The valve 199 is carried upon 'a stem 201 which stem has a head 202 permitting lost motion ot the valve with respect to the piston 195. A spring may be placed in the pocket above the liv lll)

head 202 if desired. This play is desirable in order to permit the piston to move down slightly betere taking the valve 199 off of the seat 209 in order to insure that shitting of the main valve structure will occur.

The lower end ot the piston 195 is provided with a central boss 203 which is adapted to cooperate with the stem 204 of the relief valve 191. The relief valve. is held with the stem 2911 normally raised above the boss 190 by means of the spring 205.'

Then the piston 195 descends'to the lower end o1l its stroke it strikes the relief valve opening the same and permitting the discharge oi' a small quantity of water from the water passageway and connections 198 which are in communication with the water discharge pipe below the check valve in the water disaharge main. The operation of this control valve 191 permits the shitting ol the main valve structure by means oit the valve motor, which valve structure and valve motor are similar to the construction shown in the previous embodiment. I have applied similar reference characters to similar parts in the showing of this embodiment so -liar as these parts are alike or substantially like the corresponding parts in the prior embodiment, and a detailed explanation oi the same is not believed to be necessary to a proper understanding of the construction. It will be sufhcient to point out that the admission of live air occursthrough the connections 122, admission valve 178, passageway 180 to a point immediately above the doublel piston structure 195. riChe exhaust passageway 170 which communicates through the annular port 160 controlled by the valve 162 passes through the restricted port 159 and out at the eonnet-tion 123. rl`he lower end of this exhaust passageway 170 is adapted to be controlled by the valve 199 as previously intimated. The water discharge passageway 206 lies in the upper part of the head above the extension 188 and communicates with the annular space between the tw'o sleeves 18'? and 23. This water passageway 206 connects by way ot a cross drilled passageway with the diaphragm chamber 169 in the cap 168. This passageway betweenthe water passageway 206 and the diaphragm chamber 169 is shown in dotted lines at 207 in Figure 27.

Both in the present form and in the form previously described I place a small post ol metal 208 in the exhaust passageway between the exhaust valve and the top of the plunping chamber for the purpose of providing a suitable Yfoundation for fastening the clamping screw 209 which holds the corresponding diaphragm cap in place.

rEhe operation oi' the present orm of the device is as `follows:

Assume that the' filling stroke of the pump as shown in Figures 2O and 21 has just been completer The double piston structure 195 is at the top of the stroke and the valve 199 has closed oil' the exhaustpassageway 170 by seating against the seat 200. The adm sion valve 1?'8 is at the present time closed and the exhaust valve 162 is open, The submergence pressure is communicated by way oi' the annular space 198 to the water discharge passageway 206 and this pressure is transmitter by way of the drilled passageway 20T to the diaphragm chamber 169 where the pressure acts upon the diaphragm 164i to close the exhaust valve. and move the admission valve to the open position.

As previously explained, l have provided a slight leak on the valve seat 179 so that if the pump is not supplied with suihcient head oi water in submergenee to operate the main valves the leakage of air past the admission valve will ill the space above the piston 195 with air, this air being prevented iroin escaping out the exhaust valve by the valve 199 and the piston 195 begins to move downwardly. ln doing so, it in poses a pressure upon the water which is tranrauitted to the diaphragm chamber 169 and the valves are thereby shifted. Downward motion oli' the piston 195 without opening the valve 199 can occur because of the lost motion between the head 202 ot the valve stem 261 and the follower plate 210 which is adapted to engage said head. As soon as the valve 199 is openech pressure may enter the exhaust passageway 170,'but the exhaust valve is closed. The piston 195 is now driven downwardly as the demand for water permits the same to move, the water being discharged below the end of the cylinder 187 into the annular space 198 from which it moves up to the water discharge passageway 296 past the check valve. 156 and out by way of the water discharge 1)ipe il.

The water discharge check valve as previcusly explained may be'provided with a slight leak so that the reversal may be secured by the return of pressure past the water check valve 156 to the diaphragm chamber 169 and the operation of the main valves by such return pressure from the water system.

As the piston 195 descends it nally strikes the boss 263 against the valve stem 204 of the relielf or control valve 191. The water check valve 156 seats and the pressure in the passageway 198 and in the diaphragm chamber 169 is innnediately depleted by opening oi' the relief valve 191 while the pressure on the righthand side of the diaphragm 164, as shown in Figure 20, thereupon immediately overcomes the pressure of the water in the chamber 169 and moves theadmission valve 17 8 to closed position and 'the exhaust valve 162 to open position,- previously pointed Cil out the exhaust passageway 159 beyond the diaphragm 164; is restricted so that upward movement of the piston 195 under the normal submergence pressure will tend to maintain a sufficient pressure upon the diaphragm lesL that there will be no tendency7 to open the adn'iission valve 178 even though there is a small leakage of air past the same. .Vhen the piston 195 has .moved to the upper position where the valve 199 closes off the port 2Go., then the submergence pressure or' the leal-.Tage of water past the check valve or the leak?i of air past the admission valve will pl ce pressure pon the water disl charge pipo below the check valve 156 and will cause reversal of the main air valve mechanism.

ln the present embinlimenf. the piston 195 becomes the motor for the control valve 191 and is at the same fime the level controlled device whicn governs the operation of the control valve 191 and of the shut-off valve 199 at the uppeil end of the stroke. In other words. the piston structure 195 assumes the dual Afunction `of a level cont-rolled device and of a motor 'for operating the lower corr trol valve 191. ln each of these pumps.y the movement of water is fairly rapid and the inertia is sufiicient to draw water into the pump before exhaust occurs. ln a similar manner, the inertia of the water on filling is sufficient to shift the exhaust valve to closed position and the admission valve to open position.

The admission valve is not an absolute necessity. it will be observed from the foregoingl description that its purpose is largely te prevent waste of air and to prevent interference with the filling stroke. A constantly open amnission port could be employed particularly on open pumping. it is advisable to use either a restricted inlet port or somo nu s for temjlrorarily shutting ofi' the inflow of compressed air during the filling stroke in order to save air.

The water relief valve which controls the uilbalancing of pressures on the main valvc motor may lfe omitted and a consta utly open relief port provided particularl yv on open pumping work. The relief valve shown in Figure 21 may if employed be varied in construction to close with internal pressure if desired as is shown in Figure 9.. It may also be mounted in the head of the pump if desired.

wish to call attention to a peculiar action which occurs in the pump shown in Fig-4 ures 15 and 1G upon venting the relief valve into the exhaust passageway. /Vheu the relief valve- 142 is opened, water is first discharged through passageways 15T-158 into the passageway 159.

restricted exhaust Thereafter the exhaust valve is opened and air at relatively high pressure is driven from the restricted passageway 159 through the passageways 15S-15T through the por'L of the relief valve along` the fluted stem 1?! into the water discharge passageway 15d helow he check valve 15G below which it lodges. Upon the next stroke, it 1s forced air. The small amount sent over at eachl stroke is not objectionable as it is driven out of' the faucets as fast as accumulated since no accumulation occurs while the faucets are closed.

lt will he observed that cach form o l pump waitsl the filling of the cylinder before thc discharge st-rokecan he iuade lLikewise in each pump no hlowovcr of air can occur.

lY do not intend to be limited to the precise details of construction shown and described and l ma)v variv thc embodiment very considerably wifhin the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In pump7 a pump chamber7 liquid valves for the pump chamber, a source of motive fluid, a main valve mechanism for the admission and exhaust of the motive fluid, a main motor member for the main valve mechanism, said motor member being subjected on one side to pressure of the liquid which is being discharged from the pump, and on the other side to the pressure of motive fluid employed to expel the liquid from the pump valve7 and a relief valve having a motor member independent of said first motor member operated when the pump has completed the discharge stroke for depleting the pressure upon the liquid side of said main motor member to permit said main motor member to shift the main valve mechanism.

2. In a pump, ay pump chamber. liquid valves for the pump chamber, a source of motive Huid, a main valve mechanism for the admission and exhaust of the motive fluid. a main motor member for the main valve nuchanism. said motor member being subjected on one side to pressure of' the liquid which is being discharged from flu` pump and on the other side to the pressure of motive Huid employed to expel the liquid from the pump. a relief valve operated when the pump has completed the discharge stroke for depleting` the pressure upon the liuuid side of said main motor member to permit said main motor member to shift the main valve mechanism. a motor member for the relief valve.y and a member movable with the liquid level in the pun'ipingchamber for controlling the operation of said relief valve motor member.

3. In a pump, a pumping chamber having liquid inlet and discharge valves, means Jfor suppling motive Huid to the pump, an exhaust passageway having a port, an exhaust valve seating with pressure upon saideX- haust port and adapted to he applied to seat when the pump chamber is filled with water, a valve motor member for operating the exhaust valve, said member communicating` on one side with the liquid being discharged from the pump, and on the other side with the mot-ive .fiuid in the pumpingv chamber, and means controlled by the liquid level for closing` oili the connection between the latter side olf said diaphragm and the pumping cluunher, a relier valve for said valve motor member and a balanced pressure motor member adapted to be imbalanced by closure of said connection to cause operation of the relieif valve.

4. In combination, a puniping' chamber, main valve mechanism `for motive fluid, :motor therefor, t aid motor having a piston 'member subject to opposed 'Huid pressures duringl the discharge voil liquid 'from the pump, a relief valve controlling the pressure upon said piston member, a motor for the relief valve, and means movable with the level of the water in the pumping chamber for causing the operation of the relief valve motor, said relief valve causing a reduction of pressure upon one side of the piston member of the first .valve motor to cause it to shi-ft the main valve mechanism.

In combination, pumping' chamber, means ttor supplying motive Huid thereto, an exhaust passageway, an exhaust valve emu-rollin said passa geway, and a. level controlled member Vfor closing ed said passagewav upon high level. coi'iditions in the pumping' chamber before the exhaust valve is closed, and an admission passageway to said chamber independent. of said ehai'ist passageway.

(i. ln conibiuatioun ay pumping' chamber leavingf a main valve mechanism 'for motive fluid inclmliugY an exhaust valve` liquid intalio and discharge valves` an exhaust outlet passafwwav toutrolled by said exl'laust valve, and a hi gh. level control valve 'for closing; oil1 said exhaust passageway independelltlv ol the exhaust valve, and an admission passageway independent of said exhaust passageway 'tor admitting` fluid presi u'e after said high level valve has closed oli said exhaust passageway.

7. In Combination, a pun'ipinp; chamber having a main valve mechanism For motive lluid including an'exhaust valve, liquid intali'e and discharge valves, an exhaust outlet passageway controlled by said exhaust valve, and a high level control valve tor closing oil said exhaust passageway. independeutly oli the exhaust valve, andmeans comprising a fluid pressure motor communicating' with the interior of' the chamber `for closing' `the exhaust valve after said high level control valve has operated to close the :dienst passageway.

il. ln con'ibination, pumping' chamber' having; main valve mechanism l'for motive liuid including` an exhaust valve, liquid in- ''al-e and discharge valvesan exhaust .outlet passageway controlled hy said exhaust valve, and a high level control valve for closing' oli said e-:haust passageway independentlyoic the exhaust valve, and independent means for applyiugij pressure to the liquid in the puuuiing;` chamber while said high level. control valve clos: said exhaust passageway.

9. ln combination, a puinpiujr chan'iber having' a water discharge passageway, a chechY valve ior the upper oud oi said pas sarreway, an air exhaust f iassageuuiy, a diaphrag'm forming; a -wall couuuon to the air euhaust passageway and the water discharge passageway@ au exhaust valve controlling' the erhaust passageway bevond said diaphragm, said valve heine' secured to said diaphragm, and means for shutting` ol' the exhaust passageway high level in the pumping chamber for causing' the diaiihrag'm to close the exhaust valve and for shuttii'ip; oil the water discharge passageway at low level to cause the diaphragm to open the exhaust valve.

l0. ln combination, a pump-ine` chamber having; a water discharfle passageway, a cliecl valve for the upper end olr saidpassagrewav, an air exhaust passageway, a diaphragm forming' a wall common to the air exhaust passageway and the water discharge passageway, an exhaust valve controlling` the evhaust passageway bevond said diaplufaeiu, said valve being); secured Vto said' ,fliaphrapgn'n and means 'for shutting of? the exhaust passaoowav at high level in the pumping); chamber 'for causing; the diz,.- phragm to close the exhaust valve and vFor shutting' the water discharge pass way at low level to cause the diaplu'a c open the exhaust valve, and areliei" valve operating' to reduce the pressure of the 'atei' in the water discharge passageway upon the attainment ot' low level conditions in the pumping chamber.

ll. ln combination, a pumping' chamber, means for admitting' motive .Fluid to the pumping' chamber.y a water discharge passagrewayv opening' into the lower end o'lE the pumping chamber` said passageway havino; check valve at the upper end of the Chaniber, an air ethaust pa sanjeway hai-'ing au exhaust valve coulrollnoIVM the ,ame a diaphragm communicating on one side withthe exhaust passageway below said exhaust valve. and communicating on the other

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