US1545872A - Treating textile materials - Google Patents

Description

July 14, 1925. 1,545,872

T. D. AINSLIE TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS Filed Aug. 29, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l &

INVENTOR ATTORNEY T. D. AINSLIE TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS July 14, 1925.

Filed Aug. 29, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 8 A J L v T T I E 5 6 r z IIL F H 1. a l I U. f 4 n Z 4 2 K7 v L n H m M T ll 7. 7. l m 7 H I I) l HP H| H| l l l I lllll ll 8 INVENTOK 0 A'r'roauewr a.... July 14, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,545,872 PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS DOW AINSLIE, OF METUCHEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE ROESSLER- & HASSLAOHER CHEMICAL COMPANY, 01 NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS.

Application filed August 88, 1984. Serial No. 784,888.

To all whom it ma concern. 1

. Be it known that ,Tnomas Dow Amsmn, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Metuchen in the county of Middlesex 5 and State of New Jerse have invented certain new and useful improvements in Treating Textile Materials, of which the following is a specification.

In sinjecting textiles to the action of solutions as in dyeing or bleaching operations uniform results are dependent upon a uniform treatment. If, as in the bleaching of cotton goods with peroxide liquors, the fibres are not evenly penetrated with the 5 treating solution and the entire mass of goods being bleached is not kept at a fairly uniform temperature even results may not be obtained. The material in some parts of the mass may be bleached to a greater delll gree than the remainder. Inextreme cases parts of the material may be scarcely bleached at all.

Further, since the effective strength of a dyeing or bleaching bath usually decreases with time and use it is necessary to have all parts of the load thoroughly penetrated at a uniform temperature by the active liquor as soon as possible after treatment has begun. As these considerations are especially important in connection with the treatin of.

textiles with peroxide bleach baths I sliall describe my 1nvention in terms of its use with these solutions though not limiting its em loyment to bleaching liquors.

ne of the main difliculties in attempting to bleach a mass of cotton material in a kier without using an excessive quantity of bleach liquor is the danger of not un1- 0 formly treating the fibres throughout all arts of the kier. The source of the trouble is usually channeling or the fact that the treating liquor does not percolate evenly through the entire inass of goods. Another 5 reason for poor penetra ion is that the fabric, yarn or raw stock may be tightly packed so that the center of the mass ofl'ers too great a resistance to the liquor; also the pressure exerted by any gas which may be 0 released within the material may tend to make the goods more buoyant, which hinders complete penetration considerably. Uneven treatment may be readily discovered since the parts of the material which were penetrated last or least will not be as well leached as the balance of the goods. One reason for this is that in bleaching with peroxide the strength of the treating liquor is constantly lessening; therefore, complete penetration of the mass must be made within a reasonable time or unevenness is bound to occur. For this reason the kier .or vat is very often not loaded to its full capacity so that the liquor will have more opportunit to come in contact with the fibres in al parts of the kier. Under any conditions it is essential that the mass be completely penetrated before the deco'mposition of the hydrogen peroxide has 0ccurrcd to any great extent, or those arts which are penetrated after the bleaciin liquor has lost a large wart of its strengt i or available oxygen will not be bleached as thoroughly as the portions of the load which have had the benefit of the full bleaching power of the bath.

The object in rocessing material in a kier, especially in ileaching with hydrogen peroxide, is thus to treat the maximum amount of material with a given quantity of liquor in a minimum of time since this means a low cost for chemicals per pound of goods, and a lower equipment investment. In arrangin any apparatus or equipment to accomplisi the desired result, provision must always be made for uniformly treatirg the material. In some cases in order to obtain thorou hly satisfactory results the.

kier must be oaded without packing the goods tightly with the result that the capacit of the kier is reduced. Often the chemicals are divided into two batches and the goods treated twice being removed between treatments and given a light wash before being placed back into the kier. Either method reduces the capacity of the kier considerably. In some cases satisfacliquor through a packed mass of yarn, piece goods, raw stock, or the like, with discharge of the merged streams, with the ratio of vertical flow to horizontal or radial flow predetermined so that the latter is preferably equal to or in excess of the former according to conditions, solves the problem, and enables very unexpected and desirable economies to be realized in bleaching and washing masses of piece goods, yarn, raw stock, etc. By radial flow, I mean flow from within the mass toward the walls of the vat tending to distend the mass toward the walls, as distinguished from inward flow from the walls, tending to compress the mass away from the walls. An advantage of the invention is that expensive new construction is not reqired to change over existing plants, which when so changed over, may have an output of double their previous capacity, with greater economy in heat, labor, water, power, peroxide and other chemicals per unit of goods treated, and will give more uniform and pleasing results. The same economies will be realized in new plants embodying my invention, with but little if any more initial investment.

In my invention, by the combination of vertical and horizontal or radial inflows, liquor of the same strength is at any time acting throughout the mass, which avoids one cause of uneven bleaching action. By reason of the relatively stronger horizontal streams intercepting the vertical streams, there is a quick penetration with continuous breaking up or disturbing action in the interior of the mass, tending to reduce the expansion of the mass due to trapped gas, and channeling, with the result that the entire mass of material is thoroughly saturated with the treating liquor at all times. A

' radial or horizontal flow alone, or a vertical flow alone, would notiaccomplish the novel efi'ects of the two in combination.

I have obtained the most satisfactory results by having about of the liquor flow horizontally or radially, and the balance flow downwardly, but do not restrict myself to these proportions in my bread claims.

Fig. 1 represents the circulating system as attached to a kier which is designated as 1. 22 is a screen or perforated bottom to support the ads. 2 is a drain pipe from the well 210i the hier. Valve 18 permits drainliquor radially from spray-head 17. Valve 19 prevents the liquor rorn going down pipe 15 to the pump 6. By the regulation of the various valves asexplained hereafter under the Routes Nos. 1, 2, and 3, the direction of the liquor may he controlled.

Fig. 2 shows the invention including multiple spray-heads 1'7, applied to a large vat 25. The liquor is drawn from the well of the vat 21 thru the drain pipe 2 thru the valve 5 thence thru the pipe 26'to the pump 6 and thence to pipe :24 and spray-heads 17.

charged thru 17. The liquor may also be controlled as shown under the headings Route Nos. 1, 53, and

Spray-head 1'7 is a pipe which may well extend two-thirds the height of the kier or vat. The upper portion is perforated and may be covered with a cloth to better diffuse the liquor if desired. if preferred the pipe may be constructed of heavy screen or wire mesh of small size so as to get a better lateral distribution of the liquor upon its discharge. 2% is a distributing pipe in the open vat which runs in one continuous line around the top of the vet. We have found that this gives a good distribution of the bleach liquor in case of leakage or excessive loss by evaporation since the top .of the goods will he kept saturated.

lin thepreferred form of the invention, a vat or kier will be provided with a vertical perforated pipe for discharging liquor laterally .or radially within the mass, and a top pipe for discharging liquor on top of the mass, with combined discharge at the bottom to the circulating pump intake, thence through a heater ii used, and back through the pipes, means being provided for proportioning the respective flows as above stated. in large equipments, there will be a plurality of vertical pipes as in Fig. 2, so as to secure the desired rapid penetration hefore the liquor weakens.

The design or the special pipe which extends within the material will depend upon the type of fabric being processed as well as the size and shape of the vat. It may extend into the load of goods to about twothirds of their height. The pipe may be designed of a pear shape if preferred so as to avoid the shoulders catching the material when the machine is being unloaded. By

spacing these pipes so that the amount of goods around each pipe is the same very satisfactory'results are obtained duato the fact that the liquor is brought into intimate contact with the'center of the mass of material which is ordinarily diflicult to penetrate. In'the case of a kier a single center pipe may be used if desired.

I have also found that one great advantage of this circulating system 18 that washing may be carried out to a remarkable graph heading Route No. 1 there are many advantages to be gained both in the thorough net-ration of the fibres; the uniformity 0 treatment; releasin with more ease the gas liberated in bleaciing; less air is tra ed and carried into the mass of materm with the solution, and a lower labor charged thru the center cost.

The liquor may be moved in the followingeroutes:

oateNo. 1.The liquor is taken from the well of the kier thru the pum [and heater and then of the liquor is disipe and the remainmg 30% over the sur ace of the goods. This is done by referring to Fig. 1. The liquor is carrie from the kier out thru the pipe 2 thence thru the pipe 4 to the pump 6, valves 18 and 19 being closed and 5 opened. The liqlqor is now passed from the amp 6 thru t e pi e 7 to the tubular ieater 8 thence thru tie discharge pipe 9, valve 12 being 0 ned so that approximately twice the quantity of liquor will pass thru it as passes thru valve '11. The liquor going thru the valve 12 is passed thru pipes 13, 14 and 16 to be discharged within the center of the nias'sthru the spray-head 17. The remainin ftliiid of the liquor which passes thru va ve 11 is discharged over the surface of the goods thru the spra pi e 20,

Route No. 2.,- The liquor w ll e rawn thru the s ray-head 17 thence thru the pipes 16, 14 an 15 to the pump '6, valves 5 and 12 being closed and 19 and 11 opened. From the pump 6 the liqluor would pass thru pipe 7 thence thru the ieater 8 thru pipes 9 and 10 to be sprayed over the surface of the goods throng 1 ipe 20.

Route No. 8. e liquor will be drawn out of the well and spray-head 17 thru pipes 2, 4, 16, 14 and 15 into the pump 6, valves 19 and 5 being 0 had and 18 closed. From the pump 6 the iquor would go thru pipe 7 thru th tubular heater 8 thru the pipe 9 and deglrkee by circulating the liquor as indicated.

. a plur s rayed out of the pipe 20 valve 12 being cibsed and valve 11 opened.

The preferred mode of o ration is to o crate according to Route 0. 1. It will found when working with liquors which liberatevgases that if at the end of each hour or so the valves are arranged so as to circulatethrou 11 so as to circulate a minimum of liquor tirough the vertically discharging spray head 20 for 20 or 30 minutes then a portion of the as which ordinarily gives more or less trou le .will be removed. In the present method of workin when bleaching with peroxides by circulating the bath the liquor being thrown constantly on top of the oods tends to seal the oxygen beneath it whereas with my system by taking the liquor from the bottom or the well of the kier or vat and forcing it .into the center of the mass assistance is actually given the gas to escape. This oxygen, unless liber ated, crea-ts considerable pressure within the mass of cloth and also makes the load buoyant which in turn, of course, exerts a reat deal of pressure at the top of the tier. The method sometimes employed for assisting this gas to escape is to stop the circulation and allow the "as to work itself out through the liquor. My improved system, however, as stated above is of great benefit in releasing this gas. I

The arrangement and connections of kier, pump, pipes, valves,' andspray-heads here- 111 shown has several advantages over present apparatus in simplicity, compactness, and flexibility, and a wide variety of textile treating processes can be carried out therewith.

In addition to the routes above mentioned, the apparatus disclosedwill permit other routes to be used as the operator may prefer, or for special purposes, whereas, so far as I am aware, apparatus heretofore devised has not been capable of such universal or wide variation.

What I claim is: 1. Method of treating goods packed in a kieror vat which consists in flowing multiple streams of treating liquor through the mass in a direction from within the mass outward toward the walls of the vat while simultaneously flowing streams of liquor transversely thereto through the mass, and

withdrawing the merged streams at a distance from their places of entry.

'2. The method of treating goods acked in a kier or vat which consistsin orcing under -positive pressure treating licplior in a ity of streams from within t e kier toward the wall of the kier so as to distend the material within the kier toward the wall of the kier, and simultaneously flowing streams of the treating liquor vertically throu h the kier.

3. he method of treating the goods acked in a kier or vat whichiconsists inowing multiple streams of treating liquor through the mass in horizontal and vert cal directions, the horizontal streams being greater than the vertical streamsinthe approximate proportions of 70 to 30, and

withdrawing the merged streams at a distance from their places of entry.

4,. The method of treating goods acked in a kier or vat which consists in owing multiple streams of treating liquor through the mass in diverging and in downward directions, the diverging streams being under positive pressure and greater than the vertical streams, and withdrawing the merged streams at the bottom.

5. The method of bleaching goods packed in a kier or vat with bleaching liquor which consists in flowing multiple downward and diverging streams of bleaching liquor through the mass thereby assisting any gas present in escaping to traverse an elongated lateral and u ward path against the downward liquor fibw, the diverging streams being under positive pressure, and withdrawing the merged streams at the bottom.

6. The method of treating goods packed in a kier or vat which consists in flowing multiple streams of treating liquor through the mass in radial and downward directions, the horizontal streams being greater than the vertical streams in the approximate proportions of 70 to 30. p

7. The combination with a kier or the like having a bottom outlet for liquor, a

A plurality of multiple inlets spaced from the outlet to discharge multiple streams of liquor in diverging directions, and means for supplying liquor to said inlets in desired proportions.

8. The combination with a, kier or the like having an outlet for liquor, of a vertical inlet having multiple" diverging discharge apertures, a second inlet having multiple vertically discharging apertures, said inlets being spaced from the outlet, and means {for supplying a major portion of liquor to the vertical inlet and a minor portion to the second inlet.

9. The combination with a kier or the like having an outlet for liquor, of means for flowing multiple streams vertically through goods packed therein, means for :llowin multiple streams horizontally throng the goods, a pump connected to said outlet to withdraw the merged streams and supply said streams, and means for connecting said pump to, withdraw liquor through said "horizontal streammeans to supply said vertical stream means.

- 10. The combination with akie or the like having an outlet for liquor, or sprayhead for discharging liquor to flow vertiscally through goods packed therein, a vertically discharging apertures, said inlets being spaced from the outlet, and a pump connected to said outlet to withdraw the merged streams and supply liquor toall said inlet pipes.

12. In combination with a kier or the like having an outlet for liquor, of means for conveying a supply of treating liquor to the interior of a mass of material packed in said kier and discharging it outward toward the walls of the vat, and means for directing a supply of treating liquor substantially vertically through said mass.

13. In combination with a kier or the like having an outlet for liquor, of means for introducing treating liquor at the top of the kier, and means for introducing treating liquor under positive pressure to ppints within a mass of goods packed in the ,14. The combination with a kier or the like having side retaining walls and a perforated supporting bottom, of an outlet for liquor below said perforated bottom, a spray head at the top of the kier for discharging liquor to flow vertically by grav- 4 ity through the goods packed therein, a vertical spray head within the kier for discharging liquor radially under positive pressure through the packed goods, and a pump connected to the outlet and supply ing said two heads;

Signed at Perth Amboy, in the county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, this 28th day of August, A. D. 1924:.

THOMAS now AINSLIE.

in presence of- J. A. BRIMLOW.

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