US1541103A - Method and apparatus for dispersing toxic and other irritant substances - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for dispersing toxic and other irritant substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1541103A US1541103A US713599A US71359924A US1541103A US 1541103 A US1541103 A US 1541103A US 713599 A US713599 A US 713599A US 71359924 A US71359924 A US 71359924A US 1541103 A US1541103 A US 1541103A
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- Prior art keywords
- irritant
- compartment
- toxic
- gases
- fuel
- Prior art date
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Links
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 title description 54
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 title description 54
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 title description 20
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- PBNSPNYJYOYWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamsite Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[As](Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 PBNSPNYJYOYWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HCQNNQFCUAGJBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-chloroethanone Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 HCQNNQFCUAGJBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CREOHKRPSSUXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodo-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound ICC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CREOHKRPSSUXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017663 capsaicin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 chloracetotoluone Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YHHKGKCOLGRKKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylchlorarsine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[As](Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 YHHKGKCOLGRKKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
Definitions
- This invention relates to the dispersion of toxic and irritant substances without substantial chemical decomposition.
- Among the objects of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus for dispersing toxic and irritant substances, for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine and chloracetophenone, without producing substantial decomposition of the substances.
- toxic and irritant substances for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine and chloracetophenone
- a further object of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus whereby toxic and irritant substances of the character heretofore described may be volatilized and dispersed in the air in a manner that avoids decomposition of a substantial portion of the evolved irritant or toxic material and whereby overheating of the toxic is practically reduced to a minimum.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a portable apparatus serving as a candle, whereby a fuel therein may be readily ignited and the evolved combustion gases caused to pass over a body of the toxic or irritant in a manner to avoid overheating of the toxic or irritant and thus prevent raising the body of the irritant or toxic material or the evolved products therefrom to a temperature which would result in substantial decomposition of the irritant.
- This apparatus consists of a can having a lower compartment 1) bolted or otherwise fastened to the upper compartment (2), suitable pacln'ng material (3), for example asbestos paper, being provided to make a tight connection. At the bottom of 1924. Serial No. 713,599.
- compartment (1) is placed a suitable fuel mlxture (4) upon which is placed a match composition (5).
- This match composition is set off by pulling the rod (6) which brings the scratcher composition (7 in contact with the match composition (5), the latter being sensitive to frictional enga ment with'the scratcher composition
- This match composition burns it ignites the fuel mixture (4) and the products Z)combusti0n pass out through the stack
- the stack (8) is connected to the plate (9) forming the base of the upper compartment (2). Upon this plate (9) is placed the toxic or irritant (10).
- the portion (14) of the baffle plate (11), which is directly over the mouth of the stack (8) from which the combustion gases issue, is preferably re-enforced by plate (15) and asbestos material (16.) is inserted between plates (14) and (15).
- This portion of the plate (11) is also near the exit opening (13) of the can and it is desirable to prevent as much as possible the heating of these gases as they issue from the can.
- one end of rod (6) is provided with a handle (17).
- the match composition (5) is kept inposition by means of a zinc strip (18) and the anchor wires (19) embedded in the fuel (4).
- the fuel (4) may be a suitable explosive such as black powder, nitrocellulose, a mixture of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, a mixture of charcoal and NILNO or afmixture of charcoal and NaNo
- a suitable match composition consists of KClO (5 parts) and black antimony sulphide (2 parts) bound together by dextrine (1 art).
- 'l he scratcher composition may consist of red phosphorous (6 parts) and fine sand (3 parts) bound together by dextrine (2 parts).
- the irritant is introduced into the upper compartment (2) by removing the plug (20) and pouring the molten or liquid irritant through the opening (21).
- This irritant may be either solid or liquid at ordmary temperatures. I prefer to'use this device with such solid toxics as diphenylaminechlorarsine or such solid irritants as chloracetophenone although I may also use bromacetophenone, p-bromchloracetophenone, iodoacetophenone, chloracetotoluone, capsaicin or diphenylchlorarsine.
- the device is operated by drawing the scratcher over the match composition, causing the latter to ignite and fire the fuel (4:).
- the combustion gases of this fuel pass over the surface of the body of irritant, thereby heating and volatilizing the irritant. ThlS exchange of heat raises the irritant to a temperature permitting the fuel gases, as they pass over the surface of the irritant, to carry off a considerable amount of the irritant vapors.
- the combustion gases are also partially cooled by this exchange of heat, thus preventing objectionable or serious decomposition of the irritant gases.
- a compartment for holding fuel means or delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment.
- a compartment for holding fuel another compartment for holding the irritant, means for delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment, said means comprising a conduit extending from the upper portion of the first compartment to the upper portion of the second compartment, an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment and means for igniting the fuel in the first compartment.
- a lower compartment for holding fuel an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the irritant within the upper chamber and means for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
- a lower compartment for holding fuel
- an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant
- means comprisin a stack communicating with the top of t e lower compartment and extending into the upper v ortion of the upper compartment for con ucting the exit gases to the surface of the irritant within the upper chamber and means comprising a baflle plate for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
- a compartment containing fuel another compartment containing the irritant, means for delivering the combustion gases from the first com artment to the surface of the irritant wit in the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment.
- a lower compartment for holding fuel
- an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant
- means comprising a stack communicating with the top of the lower compartment and extending into the upper portion of the upper compartment for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the irritantwithin the u per chamber and means comprising a ba e plate for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Description
June 9. .1925. 1.541.103
n. B. BRADNER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISPERSING TOXIC AND OTHER IRKITANT SUBSTANCES Filed May 1924 I 11 MHz 21 I 10 3AM 15 grwe/wtom Patented June 9, 1925.
F EC E 0 DONALD B. BRADNER, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISPERSING TOXIC AND OTHER IRRITANT SUBSTANCES.
Application filed May 15,
To all whom it may concern:
Be itknown that I, DONALD B. BRADNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods and Apparatus for Dispersing Toxic and Other Irritant Substances, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the dispersion of toxic and irritant substances without substantial chemical decomposition.
Among the objects of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus for dispersing toxic and irritant substances, for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine and chloracetophenone, without producing substantial decomposition of the substances.
A further object of this invention is to provide a process and apparatus whereby toxic and irritant substances of the character heretofore described may be volatilized and dispersed in the air in a manner that avoids decomposition of a substantial portion of the evolved irritant or toxic material and whereby overheating of the toxic is practically reduced to a minimum.
A further object of this invention is to provide a portable apparatus serving as a candle, whereby a fuel therein may be readily ignited and the evolved combustion gases caused to pass over a body of the toxic or irritant in a manner to avoid overheating of the toxic or irritant and thus prevent raising the body of the irritant or toxic material or the evolved products therefrom to a temperature which would result in substantial decomposition of the irritant.
Other, further and more specific objects of the invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art from a consideration of the following description when taken in conjunction with the drawing, wherein a specific form of a device for carrying-out my invention is shown partly in elevation and partly in section, a portion of the device being broken away to illustrate the interior construction thereof.
This apparatus consists of a can having a lower compartment 1) bolted or otherwise fastened to the upper compartment (2), suitable pacln'ng material (3), for example asbestos paper, being provided to make a tight connection. At the bottom of 1924. Serial No. 713,599.
compartment (1) is placed a suitable fuel mlxture (4) upon which is placed a match composition (5). This match composition is set off by pulling the rod (6) which brings the scratcher composition (7 in contact with the match composition (5), the latter being sensitive to frictional enga ment with'the scratcher composition When this match composition burns it ignites the fuel mixture (4) and the products Z)combusti0n pass out through the stack The stack (8) is connected to the plate (9) forming the base of the upper compartment (2). Upon this plate (9) is placed the toxic or irritant (10). As the products of combustion of the fuel (4) leave the stack (8) they pass over the surface of the toxic or irritant (10), being deflected by the bafile plate (11) so as to travel over practically the entire surface of the toxic or irritant material. These combustion gases heat the toxic or irritant and cause same to volatilize and become entrained in the combustion gases and pass out therewith through the conduit (12) leading to the opening (13) at the top of the can.
The portion (14) of the baffle plate (11), which is directly over the mouth of the stack (8) from which the combustion gases issue, is preferably re-enforced by plate (15) and asbestos material (16.) is inserted between plates (14) and (15). This portion of the plate (11) is also near the exit opening (13) of the can and it is desirable to prevent as much as possible the heating of these gases as they issue from the can. By providing this asbestos (16), excessive heating by the combustion gases of the plate (11) at this point is eliminated to a large extent, if not completely avoided.
In order to facilitate the operation of the rod (6) carrying the scratcher composition (7), one end of rod (6) is provided with a handle (17). The match composition (5) is kept inposition by means of a zinc strip (18) and the anchor wires (19) embedded in the fuel (4).
The fuel (4) may be a suitable explosive such as black powder, nitrocellulose, a mixture of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, a mixture of charcoal and NILNO or afmixture of charcoal and NaNo A suitable match composition consists of KClO (5 parts) and black antimony sulphide (2 parts) bound together by dextrine (1 art).
'l he scratcher composition may consist of red phosphorous (6 parts) and fine sand (3 parts) bound together by dextrine (2 parts).
The irritant is introduced into the upper compartment (2) by removing the plug (20) and pouring the molten or liquid irritant through the opening (21). This irritant may be either solid or liquid at ordmary temperatures. I prefer to'use this device with such solid toxics as diphenylaminechlorarsine or such solid irritants as chloracetophenone although I may also use bromacetophenone, p-bromchloracetophenone, iodoacetophenone, chloracetotoluone, capsaicin or diphenylchlorarsine.
The device is operated by drawing the scratcher over the match composition, causing the latter to ignite and fire the fuel (4:). The combustion gases of this fuel pass over the surface of the body of irritant, thereby heating and volatilizing the irritant. ThlS exchange of heat raises the irritant to a temperature permitting the fuel gases, as they pass over the surface of the irritant, to carry off a considerable amount of the irritant vapors. The combustion gases are also partially cooled by this exchange of heat, thus preventing objectionable or serious decomposition of the irritant gases. The net effect of this lengthy passage of the combustion gases over the surface of the irritant is to accomplish the distillation of the irritant at a much lower temperature than would occur by direct heating and thereby avoiding exposure of the evolved irritant to temperatures promoting decomposition or chemical reaction rendering the volatilized material unfit for the purposes desired.
The present invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative and not by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modifications which may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, it is desired that only such limitations be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. In a method of dis ersing an irritant without substantial chemlcal decomposition, passing a stream of hot fuel gases over the surface of a body of said irritant and carrying off the volatilized irritant as an entrained component of said fuel gases.
2. In a method of dis ersing a toxic sub stance without substantlal chemical decomposition, passing a stream of hot fuel gases over the surface of a body of said toxic and carrying off the volatilized toxic as an entrained component of said fuel gases.
3. Ina method of dispersing a solid, organic irritant without substantial chemlcal decomposition, passing a stream of hot fuel gases over the surface of a body of said rr tant and carrying off the volatilized irritant as an entrained component of said fuel gases, the temperature and rate of flow of said fuel gases being regulated so that said irritant will not be heated to a temperature promoting substantial chemical decomposition thereof.
4. In a method of dispersing an organic, toxic irritant without substantial chemical decomposition, passing a stream of hot fuel gases over the surface of a body of said lIIltant and carrying off the volatilized irritant as an entrained component of said fuel gases, the temperature and rate of flow of said fuel gases being regulated so that said irritant will not be heated to a temperature promoting substantial chemical decomposition thereof.
5. In a portable apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a compartment for holding fuel, another com artment for holding the irritant, means or delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment.
6. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a compartment for holding fuel, another compartment for holding the irritant, means for delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment, said means comprising a conduit extending from the upper portion of the first compartment to the upper portion of the second compartment, an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment and means for igniting the fuel in the first compartment.
7. In a portable apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemlcal decomposition thereof, a lower compartment for holding fuel, an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the irritant within the upper chamber and means for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
8. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a lower compartment for holding fuel, an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means comprisin a stack communicating with the top of t e lower compartment and extending into the upper v ortion of the upper compartment for con ucting the exit gases to the surface of the irritant within the upper chamber and means comprising a baflle plate for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
9. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial'chemical decomposition thereof, a compartment containing fuel, another compartment containing the irritant, means for delivering the combustion gases from the first com artment to the surface of the irritant wit in the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment.
10. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a lower compartment for holding fuel, an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means comprising a stack communicating with the top of the lower compartment and extending into the upper portion of the upper compartment for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the irritantwithin the u per chamber and means comprising a ba e plate for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.
' DONALD BRADNER.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16841D USRE16841E (en) | 1924-05-15 | A cobpobation | |
| US713599A US1541103A (en) | 1924-05-15 | 1924-05-15 | Method and apparatus for dispersing toxic and other irritant substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US713599A US1541103A (en) | 1924-05-15 | 1924-05-15 | Method and apparatus for dispersing toxic and other irritant substances |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1541103A true US1541103A (en) | 1925-06-09 |
Family
ID=24866748
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16841D Expired USRE16841E (en) | 1924-05-15 | A cobpobation | |
| US713599A Expired - Lifetime US1541103A (en) | 1924-05-15 | 1924-05-15 | Method and apparatus for dispersing toxic and other irritant substances |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16841D Expired USRE16841E (en) | 1924-05-15 | A cobpobation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US1541103A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546964A (en) * | 1946-03-26 | 1951-04-03 | Benjamin B Blackford | Smoke generator |
| US2565352A (en) * | 1946-10-31 | 1951-08-21 | Hubert H Champney | Smoke pot |
| US2959127A (en) * | 1956-02-16 | 1960-11-08 | Fed Lab Inc | Gas grenade |
| US3322078A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1967-05-30 | Allen And Macdonald Corp | Intruder repeller for screened openings |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2730482A (en) * | 1944-02-07 | 1956-01-10 | Stevenson Reston | Method of dispersing vaporized diphenylchlorarsine |
| US2603607A (en) * | 1944-02-07 | 1952-07-15 | Stevenson Reston | Smoke generating device |
| US2633455A (en) * | 1944-03-31 | 1953-03-31 | Finkelstein Leo | Smoke generator |
| US2882239A (en) * | 1944-07-20 | 1959-04-14 | Edward W Comings | Aerosol dispersion apparatus |
| US2529245A (en) * | 1946-03-27 | 1950-11-07 | Paul M Laymon | Insecticide diffuser |
| US2817882A (en) * | 1956-05-07 | 1957-12-31 | Terrence A Mcgovern | Insect repellant attachment for gasoline lanterns |
| FR2615481B1 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-12-15 | Ruggieri | APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING ACTIVE PRODUCTS |
| US4938144A (en) | 1988-02-16 | 1990-07-03 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Motion activated thermal fogger |
| US9848593B2 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2017-12-26 | Joseph Asciutto | Method of fumigation of burrowing vermin tunnels |
| US10065897B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2018-09-04 | Safariland, Llc | Pyrotechnics containing oleoresin |
-
0
- US US16841D patent/USRE16841E/en not_active Expired
-
1924
- 1924-05-15 US US713599A patent/US1541103A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546964A (en) * | 1946-03-26 | 1951-04-03 | Benjamin B Blackford | Smoke generator |
| US2565352A (en) * | 1946-10-31 | 1951-08-21 | Hubert H Champney | Smoke pot |
| US2959127A (en) * | 1956-02-16 | 1960-11-08 | Fed Lab Inc | Gas grenade |
| US3322078A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1967-05-30 | Allen And Macdonald Corp | Intruder repeller for screened openings |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| USRE16841E (en) | 1928-01-03 |
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