US1439409A - Tilting furnace - Google Patents

Description

Patented Dec.. 19, 1922.

JAMES A. easirLL, or CLEVELAND, onto.

TIETING EUENACE.

Application filed January 12, 1920. serial No. 350,756.

To a-ZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMES A. Gli/SKILL, a citizen of the United States, and'resident of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and 4useful Improvements inTilting Furnaces, of which l hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same. f f y The objects of the inventiony are to provide a furnace for melting steelyand other metals in which burnersv forv oil orv gas or liquid tar are employed ^and in which pre-` heated air under pressure supplies the blast for the burners and by 4i'neans of which controllabie degree of temperature ranging from 3000 toYBOOO Fahrenheit is readily obtained.

rl"he invention particularly relatesy to the :ulaptation of the idea of a preheated air blast to a furnace mounted upon trunnions and capable of being tilted for convenience in pouringl the hot metal.

ln this device all lthe parte, the .melting chan'iber, an air prcheating and pressure equalizing chamber to which heat is transmitted from the meltingchamber., and burners for fluid oil or tar are included in one unitary structure. Y j

ly this means an efficient furnace is con strut-,ted which is compact in shape and oc-A cupies a small space for installation, and is an improvement in efficiency and practicability over the oil burning furnacesnow in use withwhich a pre-heated air blast is not employed. y

ln the present device the air is preheated and is delivered under a uniform amountof pressure and a uniform degree of temperature to all the burners which are evenly lspaced about the melting chamberand cruciblen so that the crucibleA is enveloped in flame, and all parts are subjected to an even temperature. and to a preheated and perfectly dry air blast, which materially prolongs the lite of the Crucible and furnace lining.

The air blast is supplied from an unob, structed annular chamber enclosing the melt? inel chamber and is heated by heat transf mitted therefrom.y and the air in this chamber is placed under a constant and uniform amount of pressure throughout by means of external bloifing mechanism, and the air and oilsupply pipes pass through the trun nions of thel furnace sol as not to rvinterfere with the tilting of thefurnace. f 'y 'The inventionalso includes .the method of superheating the fuel oil'prior to entering the burners by enclosing the oil supply pipes in the heated air chamber, which has'the .effect of heating and .vaporizing the fuel oil practically to the point of a combustible gas before itfentersthe burners. It also insures the unobstructed flow of oil cold Weather.v lt also includes a burner nozzle, orburner nozzles for the fuel oil anda tube or tubular chamber open at the inner end Withinwwhich the 4highly rareiied fuel oil and superheated air in a. highly rarefied or gaseous condition are commingled, under pressure,` before e n-. tering` the melting chamber and are therefore in a, condition to ignite instantaneouslyY in the melting chamber.A l, Y y n p The burners also; discharge tangentially of the wall of the melting chamber so that v the Yblast will notimpingedirect'ly uponlthe crucibles,.and the air being` dry .the crucibles are not corroded oi-cut away as would occur as a result ofthe action of a damp cold blast directed upon them. i p

The invention includes a swivelled connection,v for the fuel oiland air supply pipes, permitting` the tilting of the furnace, valves( for controlling air and oil supply and a worm wheel and worm for operating the fur-V nace, which mechanism permits vthe `furnace to stand at any desired angle without movement.n

The invention is hereinafter further described, shown inthe accompanying draw-pV ings and, specifically pointed out in the claims. i Y. y y y ln the accompanying drawings Fig. lis a side elevation of the device; Fig. 2 is a` plan thereof; Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section thereof; Fig. 3a is a section showing the manner of constructing the shell ofthe outer, chamber; Fig. elisa `xi'ertical section of an additional burner entering the chamber at.`

theupperend. Y l

ln these views A is the melting chamber having preferably a narrmied.zone'B. iutermediate'cf its `top and bottom. to confine the flumet-o the walls of the Crucible C; Dv is the lire brick lining and E the bottom formed of lire brick: F, Flare hinged boti tom doorsrwhich can be opened in case the melting chamber .becomes clogged or retion of the metal is less than in other fur-- naces. Clips G, Gr secure the cover detachably in place.

Enclosing the sides of the melting chamber is shown the annular air chamber K, which is formed of cylindrical steel sheets L, M, and circular heads N and N preterably welded thereto.

In Fig. 3, a detail of one of these heads is shown with the edges alternately abutting and overlapping,` the sides at N2, N3 to lock the parts in place.

O, O, are hollow trunnions upon which the furnace is supported and through which the supply pipes for air and oil P and Q respectivelypass. i

R, R, are standards upon which the tinnnions are mounted, S is a worm wheel and S a worm engaging therewith', and operated by means of bevel gears T and T and shaft T2 and wheel T3 mounted'in a bracket T4. Each trunnion lis provided with `a longitudinal passage U communicating downwardly with the air chamber at its inner end and with the air inlet pipe P2 at its outer end. This pipe communicates with the air supply pipe .lJ and elbow P3 through a swivelled connection P between the air inlet pipes l) and l) and elbow7 P3 and permits the/trunnion to revolve with the` furnace and a similar swivelled connection Q? upon the fuel supply pipe is employed for the same purpose, l and P4 are supply7 valves on the air pipes.

The air entering` the preheated air chamber under pressure is delivered through air supply pipes W of less diameter than the air inlet pipes P to the elongated connningling tubes or chambers X which are open at their inner ends and discharge into the meltingr chamber tangentially of its walls.

By means of the compression ,of a large volume of air in the superheated air cham ber detained in this manner an iinvaryinf.;` constant amount of pressure will be supplied to the comminglingj tubes and the temperature also will be uniformly distributed to all the coimningling tubes.

Thesetubes together with the fuel oil nozzles Y, Y. comprise the burners.

Thev l'uel oil enters the superheated air chamber at Z and passes through the coils Z spirally wound through this chamber. These coilsfinally emerge through the smaller air supply pipes lll into the central commingling tubes X and ,communicate directly with the nozzle Y for the fuel oil, Valves Q control the flow ot fuel through the supply pipes Q and valves Z2 control the flow ot the rareiied fuel 'from the coils Z to the burner nozzle Y.

ln this manner the preheated air stored in the compressed air chamber transmits its heat to the fuel oil, so that the fuel oil issues in a vaporous condition from the nozzles Y and is thoroughly connningled with the preheated air iu the commingling,` tubes before entering the melting` chamber, in which it instantly ignites. Also it' the oil is heavy a constant flow is provided under all atmospheric temperatures.

The flames also enwrap the crucible but do not directly impingge upon it, and the air being hot and dry and the heat being; uniformly distributed the crucibles are not sub jected to changes in temperature and are not corroded or cut into when a cold moist blast is employed.

lt is understood that the furnace can be operated with only one or with several burners. ln Fig. l the construction ot' additional burners is shown. These l'mrners are positioned closely adjacent to the top el' the turnace and are inclined both dmvnwardly, and tangentially o't' the wall of the melting` chamber. Air is supplied to those burners from the preheated air chamber l( through air pipes lll which extend 'trom the sides thereof and the fuel oil pipes Z traverse these air pipes.

The burners are similar to those previously described in consti/notion and comprise the iucl nozzle Y the commingling tube or chamber X and the crmtrolling` valve 23. This addition doubles the degree of heat obtained and reduces the time olf melting and increases materially the amount o't the production.

Having described the invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. ln a. tilting` furnace, in combination, a melting` chamber, annular chamber for hot air encircling the melting),` chaniber, trunnions upon which said annular air chamber and meltingchamber are pivotally supported, supports for said trunnious, burners in said trunnions, discharging` tangentially ot' the walls of said melting chamber.y each burner comprising an elongated commin- `filing tube open at its inner end. and a nozzle for fuel oil spaced 'trom the inner end o'.

said commingglinnl tube, a. passage -tor air uuder pressure in eachtrunnion, said passages communicating' with said annular air chamber, passages leading from said annular air chamber to said commimljlingr tubes in said trunnions, air supply pipes communicating; with said air passages in said trnnnions. said fuel oil supply pipes entering` said annular air chamber through said trunnions and traversing said annular air chamber, and

also traversing` said air passages leading to said commingling tubes, said vfuel oil pipes communicating With said'nozzles in saidcommingling tubes.

2. In a tilting furnace, in combination, a'

melting chamber, annular chamber for hot air encircling the melting chamber, trun' nions upon Which said annular air chamber and meltingchamber are pivotally support-y ed, supports for said trunnions, burners in with said air passages in said trunnions, said fuel oil supply pipes entering said annular air chamber through said. trunnions and `traversing said annular air chamber, and

also traversing said..air passages leading to said commingling tubes, said fuel oil pipes communicating with said nozzles in said commingling tubes and swivelled connections for said air and fuel oil supply pipes.

3. In a tilting furnace, in combination, a melting chamber, an annular chamber encircling the same, hollow trunnions upon which said air chamber and melting chamber are pivotally mounted, said hollow trun nions providing air passages leading` to said annular air chamber. air supply, pipes com municating with said hollow trunnions, elongated coniniingling tubes enclosed in said hollow trunnions and discharging into said. melting chamber, air pipes'of less diameter than said air supply pipes connecting said annularair chamber and said commingling tubes in said trunnions, said air pipes rotatable with said furnace, a nozzle for liquid fuel in each commingling tube, supply pipes for liquid fuel, passing through said hollow trunnions and coiled Within said annular air chamber, said liquid fuel supply pipes passing through said smaller air pipes and communicating with said nozzles for liquid fuel in said commingling tubes,^ralves for controlling the admission of air into said air supply pipes, and valves for controlling thesupply of liquid fuel to said liquid fuel supply pipes. I

4. In a furnace, in combination, a melting chamber, an annular air chamber encircling the saine, and heated thereby, a multiple number of burners passing through both of said chambers at different levels, each burner comprising an elongated cominingling tube and a nozzle therein for liquid fuel, air passages lconnecting said commingling chambers With said annular `fuel connnunicating with said nozzles,

air chamber, and supply pipes for liquid said supply pipes for liquid fuel passing through the Walls and lining of said heated annular air chamber, and said connecting air pas sages.

5. ln a unitary tilting furnace, a meltingchamber, trunnions upon which said melt ing chamber is pivotally mounted, a sup-vv port for a Crucible thereiny cover sealing said crucible and provided 'with charging and pouring openings, and With an outlet for the products of combustion, a Crucible mounted upon'said support, an annular air chamber encircling vsaid melting chamber, burners comprising elongated conimingling tubes, passing through said annular air .chamber and trunnions and Wall of said melting chamber and fuel nozzles therein, said burners discharging tangentially of the Wall of said melting chamber between said Wall and said Crucible, external pipes for supplying the air chamber Withl air, external pipes connecting'said air chamber and p said comi'ningling tubes, supply pipes 'for said fuel nozzles passing through said trunnions, and supply passages for air passingl through said trunnions, said supply pipes for said fuel nozzles and supply pipes foiI air, said fuel supply pipes passing through said trunnions and said air supply pipes passing through said trunnions into said external air chamber.

6. In a furnace, in combination, a melting chamber, an air chamber for hot aiiI eucircling the same, trimnions upon which said chamber is mounted, supply pipes for air entering said air chamber through said trunnions, supply pipes for fuel pa ug through said trunnions, burners passing` through said air chamber and through the Wall of said melting chamber and disch;r ing tangentially of the Wall of said melt ng chamber, each burner includingl an elongated commingling tube and a nozzle for fluid fuel, said nozzles positioned at the outer end of said commingling` tubes, providing an extended unobstructed commingling passage therein, exterior air pipes connecting said annular air chamber With said commingling tubes, said nozzles communieating with said fuel supply pipes.

7. ln a furnace, in combination, a melting chamber, an air chamber for hot air encircling the same, trunnions upon which said chamber is mounted, supply pipes for air entering said air chamber through said trunnions, supply pipes for fuel passingU through said trunnions, burners passing through said air chamber and through the wall of said melting ini-amber and discharg ing tangentially of the Wall of said melting chamber, each burner including an elongated commingling tube and a nozzle for Yfluidr fuel,"said nozzles positioned at the outer end of said commingling tubes, providing an e1;- tended unobstructed commingling passage therein, exterior air pipes, connecting said annular air chamber with said commingling tubes, said nozzles communicating with said fuel supply pipes, said fuel pipes passing through said annular hot air chamber and heated therein prior to entering said nozzles.

S. ln a furnace, a melting chamber, a pair of substantially horizontal and oppositely spaced burners for Huid fuel and air discharging tangentially of the wall of said chamber into said chamber at one level, and a pair of oppositely spaced similar burners discharging into said chamber at another level, said second mentioned burners arranged to discharge tangentially of said wall, and also at a vertical angle into said furnace.

9. In a furnace, a melting chamber, a pair of substantially horizontal and oppositely spaced burners for fluid fuel and air discharging tangentially of the wall of said chamber into said chamber at one level, and a pair of oppositely spaced similar burners discharging into said chamber at another level, said second mentioned burners arranged to discharge tangentially of said wall,

and also at a vertical angle into said furnace, an annular air chamber encircling said melting` chamber, means for supplying hot air from said annular chamber to said burners, and means for supplying vll'uid fuel to said burners.

l0. ln a tilting furnace,v in combination, a combustion chamber, an air chamber encircling the same andheated thereby, trunnions ou which said chamber is mounted, elongated comminglingtubes passing through the walls of both chambers and through said chambers, external air supply pipes connecting said commingling tubes at their outer ends with said air chamber, nozzles for fluid oil in the outer extremities of said commingliug chambers and supply pipes for fluid fue., said supply pipes passing through said trunnions and suppl;7 pipes for air passing through said trunnions and communicating with said encircling air chamber.

ll; In a furnace, in combination, a combustion chamber and an air chamber encircling thesame and heated thereby, trunuionsA upon which said chambers are tiltably mounted, an elongated commingling tube passing` through the walls of both chambers and through one of' said trunnions, an external air supply pipe connecting said conimingling tube at its outer end with said air chamber, a nozzle for fluid fuel in the inner extremity of said commingling tube and a supply pipe for said air chamber and a supply pipe for fluid fuel. said supjlj.'v pipes passing through said trunnions.

12. ln a furnace in combination, a melting melting chamber, trunnions connecting said l chambers, said furnace pivotally supported Vupon said trunnions, air passages in said trunnions, said air passages communicating with said air chamber at their inner ends, air supply pipes, swivelled connections with the outer ends of said trunnions with said air supply pipes, external fair pipes connecting the said air chamber with said Aair passages in said trunnions, and burners in said trunnions, said burners extending through the walls of said furnace, said burners com prising, commingling passages communicating with said external air pipes, and nozzles for liquid fuel, and fuel supply pipes passing through said trunnions and communi eating with said nozzles.

13. ln .a furnace, a revolvable combustion chamber, an enveloping air chamber therefor for preheated air, trunnions upon which said combustion chamber is mounted, axial passages leading through said trunnions, air supply pipes leading to said trunnion passages, downwardly directed passages leading from said trunnion passages into said enveloping' air chamber,l cominingling chambers or passages in said trunnion passages discharging into said combustion chamber, and downwardly directed passages positioned above said trunnions and leading from said enveloping air chamber into said commingling chambers or passages, and fuel burner nozzles discharging into said commingling chambers or passages.

lele. ln a furnace, a revolvable combustion chamber, an enveloping air chamber therefor for preheated air, trunnions upon which said combustion chamber is i'uounted, axial passages leading through said trunnions, air supply pipes leading to said trunnion passages, downwardly directed passages leading from said trunnion passages into said enveloping air chamber, commingling chambers or passages in said trunnion passages, discharging into said combustion chamber, and downwardly directed passages positioned above said trunnions and leading from said enveloping air chamber into said commingling chambers or passages, and' fuel burner nozzles discharging into said commingling chambers or passages, and fuel supply pipes leading` to said burner nozzles through said trunnion passages.

15. In a furnace, a. rcvolrable combustion chamber, an enveloping air chamber there for for preheated air, trunnions upon which said combustion chamber mounted, axial passages leading through said trunnions, air supply pipes leading to said trunnion passages, downwardly directed passages leading from said trunnion passages into said enveloping air chamber, commingling chambers or passages in said trunnion passages,

discharging into said omnlnlston chamber, for controlling the'low oil" fuel and air 10 and' dowmvai'dlydirected passages positln'ongh said fuel. and an' pipes. tloned above said trunnions and `leading In testimony whereof, I hereunto Set my from said enveloping air chamber into said hand this 7 day of January 1920.

connninglino' chambers o1' assages, and 'fuel l burner lnozzhles discharging into said coIn- ,JAMES A' GASKUJL' mingling chambers or passages, and fuel In presence of* supply pipes leading to said burner nozzles `WM. M. MONROE,

through said trunnon passages, and Valves S. W. SANGSTER.

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