US143949A - Improvement in fruit-driers - Google Patents

Description

1. WILLIAMS.

Fruit-Dr'iers. I No. 143,949, 7 Patentedocn 21,1313.

Irl l 1% MT lv l Qhw'mm ma. M f/m l j@ WzL-@Cm f//ZM/ @f7/5f f www? UNITED STATES may JOHN VILLIAMS, OF SOUTH HAVEN, MICHIGAN.

IMPROVEMENT IN FRUIT-DRIERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,949, dated October 2l, 1873; application filed l March 8, 1873.

' part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of my drier.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line x .fr in Fig.- l. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a flue on y y in Fig. 2, showing` in elevation the inner face of the end wall thereof. Fig. 4 is a perspective view'of one of the frames which are suspended between the chains for receiving the fruit to be dried. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pair of links from one of the endless chains.

Like letters refer to like parts in the several iigures.

The nature of this invention relates to an improved apparatus for drying oft' or evaporating the moisture contained in fruits, vegeta-4 bles, and other articles of food. The invention consists in a vertical shaft or trunk, communieating', at its base, with a chamber in which air passing through it into the trunk is heated, which trunk is divided, by a vertical partition, into two rectangular dues. A pair of chainwheels have their shaft journaled in the trunkwalls parallel with and above. the partition, and a second pair of chain-wheels, in like manner, have their shaft journaled below the said partition. Over these wheels run two endless chains, whose. links have projecting pins at intei-vals, upon which to suspend frames upon which are placed perforated or wire-cloth trays containing the fruit to be dried, which trays, in the rotation of the chainwheels, are first carried up one flue, and down the other, before removal at the completion of the process, the trunk being provided with devices for regulating the admission of cold air to either flue, and for regulating the emission of the escaping currents at the top of the flues, all being arranged to operate as more fully hereinafte set forth.

In the drawing, A represents a rectangular trunk, partially divided by a partition, B,

into two flues. Below and infront of the trunk I place a heating chamber, C, communicating therewith by an y opening extending across the front wall of said trunk. Within the chamber may be placed .a stove or furnace of any style preferred, to heat the cold air entering the chamber through openings in the front and sides, which are provided with sliding covers a to regulate the admission, or to shut it off at any one or more of the entrances, as may be required. b l) are two sliding doors, whose united Width equals the breadth of oneof the flues, which doors are moved by the rods b across the opening which is made in the front wall of the trunk at the base of the flues. By these doors I can direct the entire volume of heated air into either iiue, or I can shut it oif from one iiue, or partially from both. At the base of the trunk cold-air inlets are provided, which may be closed, or their area`of opening adjusted, by slides c. These openings are made in the end and back walls of the trunk. D is a shaft journaled inbrackets in the front and back walls of the trunk, just above the top of the partition, and carries, near each end, a chain-wheel, E. A similar shaft is, in like manner, journaled just above the lower end of the partition, and also carries a pair of chain wheels. The diameter of the chain wheels is such that the periphery of each extends midway across the ilue at each side of the partition. F F are two endless chains, moving with and around the chainwheels, the lower shaft vbeing rotated by a crank on its rear end, which extends through the back wall of the flue to receive it, and is also provided with a ratchet and pawl of ordinary construction to hold it and the chains at whatever position they may be left in. At intervals in the length of each chain a pin, d, which pivots the links together, is elongated, as in Fig. 5, to receivethe baileof alight frame, Gr, at each end thereof, which frames are thereby suspended from the chains in the iiues. Each frame receives a tray of wire-cloth or sheet metal having numerous perforations, the trays being introduced and placed lon the frames through an opening, f, in the end wall of one flue, and removed through an opening, f', opposite thereto in the end wall of the other flue, both openings having doors to close PATENT OEEicEo them. In the tops of the four walls of the trunk, directly under the projecting roof, openings are provided for the escape of warm currents of air laden A,Sith moisture absorbed from the fruits' in congic'tfwith which they have passed. Each opening is provided with a door, g, sliding in grooves in the corner posts, which door may be raised or lowered to close or open it, more or less, by a cord, h, passing over a bracket-pulley, t', operated by the attendant below, so that the heat may be retarded in its passage through the lines, or be permitted to escape freely, as circumstances may require. If preferred, the roof of the trunk may be so arranged that it can be raised above the top of the trunk to answer the purpose. On the front and back walls of each ue I place deflectors k, at distances apart equal to the space from one frame onthe chains to the next, for the purpose of directing the heated ascending currents from the ends of one tray toward the middle of the next one; or they may alternate in position to direct the current passing up at one end of a tray toward the opposite end of the next one above.'l The fruit, being thinly and evenly spread upon the trays, is subjected uniformly to the'action of the heated currents, parts of which pass up through the fruit and parts sent across the top of it by the delectors, the intensity of the heat' being the greatest, however,at the commencement and close of the process. The flue in which the fruit is introduced has the greater volume of heated air directed into it, which, impinging upon the fruit upon the lower trays, at once arrests the acetous fermentation which would otherwise take place if the fruit were subjected to a slow process of evaporation of its moisture; and for this purpose I makethe temperature of the current as near 2500 Fahrenheit as possible. If the fruit remained but a short time subject to this temperature it would be cooked, but on the contrary it is quickly moved upward, and trays containing fresh fruit are introduced and interposed between it and the direct i1n pact of the ascending current. The fruit, as it ascends the flue, is subjected to the action of currents of lesser temperature, which drive off the moisture contained in them gradually until the trays begin to descend the other flue, when vthe dehydrating process becomes` more rapid as the bottom of theflue is approached, care being taken to admit to the bottom of that ue enough cold dry air through its registers to temper the intense heat of the heated current to a point that will not allow it to binn or scorch the uit, which ,when removed, is most thoroughly desiccated, leaving it ready for market in a form that is unchangeable under variations of temperature or hygrometric conditions of the atmosphere; and to make it ready for use all that is required is to soak it in water until it has absorbed a volume equal to that of which it had been deprived, when it will be found to possess all its natural flavor, aroma, and color.

I am aware that Francis II. Smith, Charles Alden, and others, have invented certain pro cesses for dehydrating, supermaturating, and producing certain other chemical results and changes of a highly scientific character `in the fruits treated by their processes,with a view to their preservation 5 and while I disclaim any lotor part in their said inventions, I wish to point out the fact that I treat the fruit by the simple and well-known method of drying it by subjecting it to the action of heated air,

with this distinctive feature that to 'prevent Y the acetous fermentation of the fluids of the fruit, at the beginning of the process, I subject it for a short time to a high degree of heat for the purpose mentioned. When desiccating tomatoes and overripe fruit-s, which require great care in handling, if preferred they may be steamed for a short time before placing them in the line, instead of subjecting them to high temperature in the flue to prevent the fermentation referred to.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The air-trunk A, having partition B and adjustable openings in its upper part, shafts D D, chain-wheels and endless chain F, frames G, and dampers b b, as described.

JOHN VILLIAMS.

Witnesses:

H. F. EBnRTs, Timo. S. DAY.

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