US1433059A - D- - statfs pat - Google Patents

Description

R. J. ANDERSON.

COMBUSTION PROCESS. NPLICATON FILED MAR. 6, 1919.

Patented Oct. 24, 1922.

Patented Oct. ze, 1922,

, UNlT starts ROBERT ;mr/ins .er nsnsong or nn eso, marr s,

ASSIGNOB ro rNrnnNATIo AL 'FUEL consn'nvnrronco., or rnonmx, ARIZONA, e sonronarmn or ARIZONA.

i Application med Marcus, 1919. sami No. 231937.

To all 'whom't may concern:

Be it known that I, 'Ronnnr J; ANDnRsoN;

i acitizen of the United* States residing at El Faso, in the County 'ofEl Paso and State of Texas,`have invented certain new and'useful Improyeinents in Combustion Processes,

of whichthe following i's a specification. My ob ectfs to provide a new combustion process ,wherein the fuel`- and air are admitted to the combustion chamber .under i such nice regulation and wherein they combine in such manner thatsubstantiallyallof i the carbon' of the fuel and the oxygen ,unite in 'such manner as to minimize possibility of eXcess oxygen and whereby' there is in`- sured liberation of substantiallyall of the heat units whichmay be derived from the union ofthe fuel and air.

i In carrying'outmy process there is jetted;

sprayed,'or otherwise 'forced or introduced into a closed combustion 'chamber, f at' an angle, preterably 'nearly a 'right angle' to the direction of final travel of the gases derived fromcomlou'stion as they flow toward their point of utilization, numerous streams of air'and fuel which play across or intersect at a very great number of points. The fuel may comprise-finely divided' coal, coke, or other solid carbonac'eous material, or may be any hydrocarbon or gaseous fuels, Whatever fuel is used, it will beintroduced e into the combustion chamber in connection with air or steam jets under pressure in a manner that not only the eXterior "of the body or mass of fiame derived'from comb'ustion will be converted into CO but the .entire interier of the mass or 'body' of fiame will ,be similarly converted instead 'of escapingg'as has heretofore been'the case, in the form of incompletely combusted carbon and, instead of a large percentage of'the fuel passing off as waste without liberaton of heat units, substantially the entire body of fuel introduced within the combustion chamber will combine with the oxygen of the air jets, all otwhich results in liberation of a maximum number ofheat units with a minimum of uncombned carbon and oxygen.

The introduction of the jets or sprays of air and fuel into the combustion chamber is not restricted to any particular means. How ever, to insure as nearly perfect combustion as may be possible, I prefer to jet or spray the fuel in under suitable pressure and to disseminate the air throughout the cross-playing streams of'fuel by forcing' it in through perforated tubes of refractory material; or' like 'distributng devices, located` w thin'the combustion chamher, the ets or streams of fuel 'playing cross-wise relative to the tubes and, in turn, being shot through and through by .the oxygen derived `from the numerous fine jets of' air *issuing from said tubes' -'The `cross-jetting of the fuel and. air at an angle, preferably nearly a right angle, to the d rection of final travel of the gases derved from combustin as they flow toward their point of utilization, accomplishes an important function in eliecting substantially complete combustion. 'Instead of projecting the fueijat high"velocity toward the point Whe'nce the products of combustion are to pass to 'the point of utilization thereolt' as has h'eretofore been the common practice and bywhch the proper development or libera- Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2-2- of Fig. l.

` Fig. 3 is; a detail section'showing one of the' nozzlesfor injecting the fuel, and the manner in which it is sealed in' the wall of the combustion chamber; and i e Fig. 4 is 'a detail section illustrating the manner of securing one of the refractory air distributing tubes.

t My process; may be put to various uses but I have illustrated it in the drawings as practiced in connection with a steam boiler furnace.

The boiler appears at 66 as having comloustion chamber 67. The 'products of combuston pass from the combustion chamber 67, under the arch 68, through 'fine 69 to the boiler, thence returning through the boiler flues to the chimney or smoke stack 70. Obviously the process resides in the novel manner of production of combustion and not in the particular boiler illustrated. EXtending partially across the combustion chamber are a number of nozzles or air distributing tubes 15 of some suitable refractory material. These tubes or distributors extend through the wall of the combustion chamber and are sealed therein by fire c'lay 16, Fig. 4. The tubes or pipes 15 are provded with numerous openings or perforations .17 which are relatiVely small so that the airwill issue therefrom substantally at right angles to the lengths of the tubes 15 in the form of numerous finejets or sprays. As many of the air distrbutors 15 as may be desired, oras may befound necessary, can be used. I have shown three rows there of, at different levels., but in other forms of apparatus for practicing the process a greater or lesser number of these air distributors may be used. The air distribu tors receive air in suitable Volume and under suitable pressure from pipes 71, eachpipe having a valve 72to control the admision of the air; the pipes 71 may receive their air from any suitable source. The pipes 71 are sealed where they enter the distributors 15 by fire clay wads '21, Fig. 4-. The air distributors 15 of the respective rows, are arranged in stepped or staggered fornation for a purpose which will presently appear,

The tuel is j etted or sprayed into the combustion .chamber 67 in finely divided form.

Such tuel may comprise finely divided coal, coke, or other solid carbonaceous material, or may be any hydroclarbon or gaseous 'uel. I have illustrated hov, a hydrocarbon oil may be jetted or sprayed into the combustion chamber 67 by the use of ordinary air or steam pressure nozzles, but it is to be understood that any suitable, or preferred, means 'for jetting or spraying any fuel which may be used, can be employed for this purpose. In Fig, 3 there iS .shown an ordinary jetting` or spraying nozzle or distributor '73 which may be suitably sealed in the wall of the combustion chamber by fire clay 23. The fuel, for instance hydrocarbon oil, isintroduced to the nozzles through pipes 74: having valves 76 connected to any suitable source of supply. The air or steam for sprayingfl the, Oil is introduced to the nozzles by pipes 75 having valves' 77.

The fuel distributing nozzles' 73 are so located that they will cause the :Euel to be jetted or sprayed in finely divided form crossWise or at an angle to the lengths ofthe air distributors 15, and crosswise in relation to many of the air jets issuing from the perforations 17. The cross play of the finely divided i 'uel jets and the direction oi' play of the air jets issuing 'from the perforations 17 is, also at an angle, areferably nearly a right angle, to the direction of final travel of the gases derived from combustion as eration of the heat units before the flow of gases to be subsequently utilized proceeds toward the outlet or outlets from the combustionchamber. Consequently, my process obtains a new result, due to the cross play and interaction of the fuel and oxygen derived :from the air jets to the end that not only the exterior of the body or mass of fiame derived from combustion is converted into CO but, also, the entire interier of the mass or body of fiame is thus converted. The staggered relatiouship of the rows of aii' distrbutors 15 to the nozzles 73 insures that the air issuing from the perforations 17 of each air distributorl 'will :form a complete admiXture with the jetted or sprayed fuel from the nozzles 73.

The valves 72, which control the supply of air to the distributors 15, and the valves 7 6 and 7 7, which control the sprayng of the fuel, enable any desred regulation to be had so that the process may be practiced in connection with any furnace, kiln, boiler, or other installation, according to requirements.

l/Vhat I claim is:

A process of combustion comprising the forcible injection into a combustion chamber of a pluralty of streams of finely divided fuel, igniting the fuel of each stream, thereby producing a moving mass of'burn ing fuel, introducing into the interior of said movingimass, through the side thereof, a body of air, and forcibly discharging said air into a plurality of j ets at abrupt'angles to the aXis of `said body from said body of burning fuel.

In testimony- WhereofI aflix my signature.

ROBERT ,JAMES ANDERSON.

Images