US1422395A - Reinhold h - Google Patents

Description

R H. WAPPLER.

. MULTIDISK. ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. l2. 1919.

1.34229 395 Pateted July 11, 1922 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. Elma-l. y

B. WAPPLER, MULTIDSSK ELECTRIC MQFHNE. APPucATmN HLED usc l2..19|9.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Famed' July 131922. Q

UNITED .STATES rATsNr REINHOLD H. WAPPLER, vYON'KTJRS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'IO `WAPPLER ELECTRIC CO., INC., A CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

MULTIDISK ELECTRIC MACHINE.

.Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 11,1922,

bOriginal,application le'd August 11, 1919, 'Serial No. 816,584. Divided and this application led Decem- ,To al! whom it may concern: Be it known that 1 REINHOLD H. War- HLER, a citizen of the Uznited States, residing at Yonkers, county of Westchester, and

5 State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multidisk Electric Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and concise description.

My invention relates to electric machines fordeveloping, rectifying and distributing currents of high potential.

' Moreparticularly. stated, my invention revlates'to machines of kind just mentioned and admits of general use, but is peculiarly adapted for use in connection with X-ray tubes and other vacuum tubes, and 'especially in instances where the tube is to be subjected to the action of a number of diiferent electric currents, applied to it for the purpose of affecting it in different ways.

In this connection it maybe noted that the developement of X-ray apparatus along the lines of increased efficiency has been accom'- panied by some complications, among them being the elaboration of the tube struc-ture Vand the addition of electrical devices extra neous to the tube. yetconnected threwith and acting upon different parts thereof, and for purposes more or less independent of each other. Hence some X-ray tubes require currentsof three kinds, others require currents of two kinds, and still'others require currents of only one kind.

ll'hat l seek primarily to do, therefore, is to produce a unitary machine adapted to supply each and all of the number and variety of currents required to operate an X# Y speed of the rotating disks.

chine but also to supply it altigurei'sa ber 12, 1919. VSerial No. $44,372.

electric power it requires for the purposes of transformation, rectification and distribution.

II. To build up themain secondary., by grouping together a number of separate secondary=Y windings, and to associate each. winding with a particular `rectifying disk, the connections from the windin s to the rectifying disks being arranged eit ier in series or in parallel, as desired, the rectifying -disks being operated accordingly, so as to develop either small currents of high potential or larger currents'of lower potential.

III. To provide the machine with means for enabling the operator to time one of the circuits relatively to the other.

IV. To give the rectifying mechanism such form and arrangement as to reduce` greatly the necessity for high peripheral V. To reduce 'aerial friction, to reduce leakage due to4 vacuum eifects arising from high peripheral speeds, to avoid the necessity of using oil as insulation, and to enable the machine to be actuated by a smaller motor.

VI. To use, in the rectification of high tension currents, va number of separate disks each rotating in air and being of smaller e diameter than would be the case if a singlet() disk of large diameter were used instead.

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 316.584, filed August 11, 1919 (see Patent No. 1,354,591, dated Octo' ber 5, 1920).

Reference is madev to the accompanying drawing forming a part of the specifica-tion, in which like letters Vindicate like parts throughout the several. parts.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing my invention Q0 as used in connection with an X-ray tube of the kind shown as an ignition'v tube or Lil'- ienfeld tube.y the secondary windings of the main'transformer being 4in series with each other. L y

Figure 2 is a wiring diagram showing one way in which the secondary windings of the maim'tizansformer. may be connected together in parallel with each other. Y,

..ei-es1am'shanusan- 1G@ other way in which the secondary windings of the main transformer may be connected together in parallel with each other.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing my invention as used with a Coolidge tube, that is, an X-ray tube in which the cathode is heated to i'nca-nde'scence independently of 'the heating effect of the maindischargethrough the tu e. l i l Figure 4`i's a diagramv showing my.l inven ltion as employed in connection with an or..l dinary X-ray tube containing rareied gas and known commercially as a gas tube.

In the form'jshown in Figure'la pair of feed wires, energized by alternating currents, appear at.; 5, 6.l Two other wires 7, 8, lead from the feedwire's to, a synchronous ,motor 9, the armature shaft of which is provided with .a 'collar '10,' carrying a setI screw 11'.

-Three transformers 'appear at 12, 13 and' 14, andare herein designated according to their respective uses. l

' The transformer 12 isthe mai-n transformer, and is employed for forcing high tension current discharges through the Xmay tube, shown at 15. The main transformer is provided with a primary winding 16 and withA secondary windings 17, "18, 19 and 20, in this instance four in number and connected in series with each other with reference to the X-ray tube, as hereinafter described. The primary winding 16' is by means of twowires .21,22, together with a variable resistance 23 and a variable inductance 24, connected with the feed wires The ignition transformerl is provided with a primarywinding 25 and a secondary winding 26. he primary winding 25 is by wires 27, 28, together with a variable resistance 29 and a variable inductance 30, connectedwith the feed wires 5, 6. The purpose of the igni` tion transformer 13`is to force a high tension current through a portion of the X-ray tube 15, in order to establish a flow of electrons and thus to precipitate the main discharge through the X-ray tube.

The heating transformer 14 is provided with a primary winding 31 and a secondary winding 32. The primary Winding 31, is by means of wires 33, 34,' together with a variable resistance 35 and, a. variable inductance 36, connected with the feed wires 5, 6.

The variable resistance and the variable inductances above mentioned are used for the purpose of regulating and controlling the various devices with which they are associated, and need not be further described.

The synchronous motor 9`is'provided with a revoluble shaft 37 having considerable length and engaging a bearing 38. This shaft is fitted into the collar 10, and secured thereto by the set screw 11. By loosening the set screw, turning the shaft slightly in tively to the shaft.

relation to the vcollar and then l, tightening the set screwthe shaft 37 is asa unit ad- `the shaft 37, and the disk 43 is normally fixed relatively tosaid shaft. However, the disk 43 is .provided with a collar 44, carrying a set screw 45, and is adjustable rela- That is to say, the op erator can loosen the set screw, turn the disk 43 slightly in relation to the shaft 37 and then .l tighten the set screw. The purpose in rendering thedisk thus adjustable is to enable the operator to properly time the ignition ycharge relatively to the Amain discharge through the tube, as hereinafter more fully described.

The disks arev provided with contact seetors 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,' 51, 52, 53, 54 and 55, these contact sectors being disposed in pairs, each disk carrying one pair.

' Located adjacent-'the disks are a number of stationary contact brushes 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 and 75. These brushes are distributed four to each disk, so that there 4are four of them to eachA pair of contact sectors. Each contact sector is of suflicient length to reach from one contact brush to thevnext. For instance, the Contact sector 46 .is of .proper length to establish connection between the brushes 56 and 57, or betweenthe .brushes 57 and 58, or between the brushes t 58 and 59, or between the brushes 59 and 56.

A wire 76 extends fromthe brush 59 to the brush Anotherwire l77 extends from the brush 61 to the brush 65. Similarly a wire 78 extends from the brush 67 to the y brush 71. l l

A wire 79 leads from the brush 57 to the X-ray tube 1,5 and is. connected to the anode 80 thereof. The tube contains a beating filament 81, from whicha wire 82 leads to and to two Wires 89 and 90, the wire 90 lead` y ing to the ground at 91', and the wire 89 leading to4 the brush 69. Or, the ground wire 90 may be omit-ted and the Awire 77 grounded. i

A wire 92 leads from the brush 69 to therterminal 93 ofthe X-raytube.

he termina-l 93 is' a 'cathode' terminal ondary for purposes of the main discharge, and is an anode terminal for purposes of the socalled ignition discharge-that is, the glow discharge `which takes place within va portion of the tube from the member 93 to the heated filament 81, which is always a cathode. .f v l' The ignition discharge just mentioned 1s due to a high voltage current from the secwinding 26'of the ignition transformer 13j. v The various secondary windings 17, 18, 19 and 20 of the mainl'transformer are by wires 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,' 99, 100 and 101 connected with the respective 4brushes 56, 58, eo, ce, et, ec, 68, 7o, 72 and 74.

ln the particularmechanism here illustrated, thel synchronous motor 9 makes 1800 revolutions per minute, and the feed Wires 5, 6 are supplied with alternating currents vof sixty cycies per second, or 3600ccyc1es per minute. i Hence the shaft makes one-half of a complete revolution during each cycle,

so that each transformer winding generates four currents (two in each direction) while the rectifier disks each make one complete revolution. These currents are rectified by the action of the rectifying disks, so lthat they all pam ina unitary direction through the K-ra tube, so as to cause the produc/tion of the -rays I will now trace the var\lo1 1s circuits indi- `cated iii/Figure 1.

The primarycircuit for the heating tra-nsformer Misasfollows: Feed wire 6, wire v311, primary winding 3l, wire 38, variable l inductance 36, variable resistance 35, feed their respcctive'positions indicated in liigwire 5 to source of electricity (not shown), thence baclf` to feed wire 6.

' The secondary circuit ,of the transformerplrmay be traced as Secondary winding 32,' wires 83 and 84, lament 81, andwire 82 back to secondary heating winding 32. This circuit heats the filament- 81, 'which as elsewhereexplained is preferably always a cathode.

The circuit through the synchronous .motor 9 may be traced as follows: Feed wire 6, wire- 8, synchronous motor 9, wire 7, feed wire 5 to source 'of electricity (not shown l', thence back to feed. wire 6A The piuma-ry circuit of the ignition'transformer 13 may be traced as follows: Feed- Vwire 6, wire 28 to primary winding 25, wire 27, variableY inductance 30, variable resistance 29, feed wire 5 to source of electricity,

thence back to wire 6. I

'illith the various movable parts occupying ure 1, a secondary circuit of the ignition transformer 13 may be traced as follows: beccndary winding 28g wire 86, brush 741-,

contact sector 55, brush 75, wires 88 and 89l (these twoyivires being grounded at 91 through ground ywire 90),-'brush69, wire 952,

follows:

terminal 93 (serving 'for purposes of this I circuit as an anode), through adjacent portion of X-ray tube 4to filament 81 (serving 'i as a cathode), wires 84 and 85, brush 73, contact, sector 54', brush 72 and wire 87 back to secondary winding 26.

1With the movable parts changed in position, however, to an extent commensurate with a quarter of a turn of the revoluble shaft 37 and with an accompanying reversal inthe polarity of the several transform- Vers, another circuit of the ignition transformer l3may be traced as follows: Secondary Vwinding 26.

With another quarter of a revolution for the shaft 37 and a corresponding change in the polarity of the transformers, the sectors 54 and 55 will be, .diametrically transposed from the positions lthey occupy in Figure 1.V When this occurs another ignition circuit is completed.. This. circuit I do not deem it necessary to trace, as 't is',.identical with the i nition circuit rst bove traced through t e secondary Winding 26, except for the transposition ofthe two contact sectors 54.- a-nd 55, and'these are exactly alike in structure. i u With still another quarter of a revolution for the shaft 37 and yetanother reversal in the polarities of the transformers, another ignition circuit is completed through the secondary winding 26, and is identical with the ignition circuit second above traced through the Secondary winding 26, except for the transposition of the sectors 54 and ,55. The ignition circuits all cause discharges" 'to pass from the filament 81 to the terminal 93, through the adjacent port-ion of the X-ray tube, these discharges all taking place in the same direction relatively to the tube, and r`erving to perform the step known in this` irt as ignition.v

'i'ne primary circuit through the main transformer 12 is kas follows: Feed .wire 6, wire 22, primary winding 16, wire 21, inductive resistance'24, variable resist-ance 23, feed wire 5 to source of supply (not shown) thence back to feed Wire 6.

lilith the various movable parts occupying their respective positions indicated .in Figure 1 a circuit through the secondary windings of the main transformrmay be traced as follows:

l ySecondary winding17, wire-'94, brush 56,

contact sector' atflcbrush 57 .fwiral 79 to anodel`- tion), brush '72 and wire 87, baclrto secicsy 80 of X-ray tube 15, terminal 93 (now considered as cathode), wire 9.2, brush 69, contact sector 53, brush 70, wire 101, secondary winding 20, wire 100, brush 68, contact sector 52, brush 71, wire 78, brush 67, Contact.

sector 51, brush 66, wire 99, secondary winding 19, wire 98, brush 64, contact sector 50, brush 65, wire 77, brush 61, contact sector 49, brush 62, wire 97, secondary winding 18, wire 96, brush 60, Contact sector 48,` brush 63, wire 76, brush 59, contact sectorI minals 80 and 93 is the added voltage of the four secondary windings just mentioned.

-When the shaft 37 turns to the extent of a quarter of a revolution, the polarity of each transformer being correspondingly reversed by the chan ing phase of the alter- Hating current in ci throu h the secondary windings of the main transformer can now be traced as follows:

Secondary winding 17, wire 95, brush 58, contact sector 46 (now occupying a new position), brush 57, wire 79, anode 80, terminal 93 (for purposes of this circuit serving as the cathode), wire 92,I brush 69, Contact sector 52, vbrush 68, wire 100, secondary winding 20', wire 101, brush 70, contact sector 53, brush 71, wire 78, brush 67, contact sector 51, brush 64, wire 98, secondary wind.- .ing 19, wire 99, brush 66, contact sector 50, brush 65, wire 77, brush 61, contact sector 48, brush 60, wire 96, secondary winding 19,

Wire 97, brush 62, Contact sector49, brush.

63, wire 76, brush 59, contact sector 47, brush 56, and wire 94, back to secondary wind-l.

in 17. y

l" n this circuit the secondary current flows through the vX-ray 'tube in the same direction as before, the rectifying mechanism tak ing care of the phase-controlled reversal of the currents generated in the several secondary windings of the main transformer' 12.

When the i'evoluble shaft 37 completes a half turn from its position indicated in Figure 1, the two contact sectors carried by each disk are of course transposed relatively to each other. For instance, the contact sectors 46 and 47' merely change places with each other. yAt the instant this occurs each transformer has the same polarity it had at first-that is, the polarity contemplated by the condition of the apparatus as illustrated in Figure 1. Such being the case it is obvious that a circuit can now be traced through the secondary windings of the-main transformer and through the X-ray tube, this circuit being identicalvwith the one first above traced through these-same parts, with e feed wires, a circuit' the exception, more apparent than real, that throughout the circuit each contact sector is replaced by another contactl sector which is its exact counterpart.

When the shaft 37 completes threequar ters of a revolution ,from its positionl indicated in Figure 1, another circuit can be' 'eral group of .mechanism shown in Figure 1but to connect the secondary windings of tie 'main transformer for less Voltage and more'amperage, by arranging the secondary windings 17, 18, 19 and 20 in parallelwith each ot er with reference to the main circuit. This is done quite easily, and ivithontdisturbing any massive or permanent part of the mechanism, by merely changing a few wires or other transient conductors leading to some ofthe brushes, as indicated more particularly in Figures 2 and 2a.

y In the form shown in Fi ire 2, instead of using the two wires 79 an 92 as in Figure 1, I employ two other wires-79l and 92a.

The wire 79 isconnected to a wire v102 which leads to the brush 57. A'wire 103 is connected to the two Wires 7 9 102, and is also ,connected to two other wires 104 and 105.

The wire is connected to the brush 65.111

The wire 104 is connected to two wires 106" and 107, the'wire 106 leading to the brush 63 and the wire 107 leading to the brush 71.

The wire 92a is connected to two wires 108 and 109, the wire 108 leading to the brush 69 and the wire 109 being connected to two wires 110. and l111. The wire 1101eadsto the brush 61, and the wire 111 is connected to two wires' 112 and 113. The wire 112 is con` nested with the brush 67, the wire 113`leading to the brush 59.

With the exceptions just noted, the parts shown 4in Figure 2 are identical in structure with corresponding parts appearing in Figure 1, andthe additional parts shown-in Figure 1 are equally adaptedforuse in coni nection with the parts shown in Figure 2.

With the various movable parts shown in Figure y2 occupying their respective positions l as indicated in that figure, four circuits may'.

be traced, these circuits mer ing together for the purpose of energizing t e wires 79a and 92, leading to the main terminals of the X- ray tube. y

The rst of these circuits is as follows: Secondary Winding v17, .wire 94, brush 56,

contact sector 46, brush A57,' wire 102, wire 79 to X-ray tube, back by wire 92, wires 169, 111,113, brush 59, contact sector 47,

- winding 17.

' 109, 110, brush 61, contactsector 49, brush 62 and wire 9?,.bacl( to secondary winding 18.

The 'third circuit is as follows: Secondary winding 19, wire 98, brush 64, contact sec-` tor 50, brush 65, wires 105, 103, wire 7 9a to fX-ray tube, bac-l; by' wire. 92, wiresA 109, 111

and 112 to brush 67, Contact sector 51, brush 66, and vwire 99, back to secondary winding'lQ.A l he fourth circuit is as follows: Secondwinding 20, wire 100, ybrush 68, contact sector 52, brush 71, wires 107, 104 and 103,v wire 79a to X-ray tube, thence back to wire 92a, wire 108, brush 69, Contact sector 53, brush 70, and wire 101 back to secondary winding 29.- s i .1t will be noted that since these four'circuits merge together in the wires 79a and t 92a, the four secondary windings 17, 18, 19 and 20 are in parallel with each other with respect to the main discharge through the` X-ray tube. f A

When the disks shown in Figure 2 have each turned, in aV clockwise direction as in-r dicated oy the arrows, to the extent of a quarter of a revolution, the polarity ofthe main transformer 12 being meanwhile reversed, four other circuits, merging together to some extent, may be traced. V

The circuit through the secondary winding 17 is as follows: Secondary winding 17, wire 95, brush 58, contact sector 46 (now in a new position), brush 57, wire 102, wire 7 9a to Koay tube, thence back by wire 92", wires 109, 110, brush 61, contact sector 48 (in av new position), brush 60 and wire 96. back .toseConda-ry winding 18. l v

T he circuit through the secondary winding 19 is as follows: Secondary windin 19, wire 99, brush 66, contact sector 50v in a new position), brush 65, wires 105,103 and 7 to Xray tube. thence back by .wire 92, wires 109, 111 and 112, brush 6T, 'contact sector 51 in a new position), brush 64 and wire 98 back to secondary winding 19.

The circuit. through the secondary winding 20 is follows: Secondarywindin 20, wire 1110i, brush 70, contact sector 53 (in a. new position), brush 71, wires 107, 104 and 103, wire 79a to X-ray tube, thencexback by Wire 92, wire 108, brush 69, contact sector 52 (no-w in a new position), and'wire 100 back to secondary winding ,20. Thus while the direction of the circuit in each se m lary winding is reversed as compared with its'flirection at Athe start, each disk rectities the current for one winding, and all four of ,the currents thus rectifiel are merged together and ,passed through the X- nected with the brush 69.

ray tube in the same direction, this being the y 'l direction, in which currents from the main transformer always pa.

As the disks turn continuously, each disk during each revolution virtually reverses the direction Pof the current from. one secondary windingfso that the current from each secondary winding is rectified as often as it is reversed by the action of the transformer.

In the fomn'shown in igure 2? I use two 75 wires 79b and92b in place ofthe wires 79 and 92 of Figure 1. 'Connected .with the wire 7 9b Vare two lwires 113 and 114; the wire 113 beingcbnnected with the'brush 57, and the wire 114, beipg connected with the brushl '80 65. Two 115 and 116 are connected with the wire 9225 The wil-e115 is connected with the brush 61,. the wirey 116 being con- .With the various movable parts shown in, Figure 2'* occupyingvthe respective positions "indicated for themin that figure, two cir- .cuits may be traced, but they merge together in parallel for the purpose of energizingthe wires 79" and92", leading to the main terminals of the X-ray tube.,

The first of thesel circuits is asl follows: Secondary winding 17, brush 56,'c0ntact sec- I tor 46, brush 57, wire113, wire 7 9b to X-ray tube, thence back by wires 92b and 115, to

-brush 61', thence through contact sector 49,

brush 62 and ywire 67 tosecondary windin 18, wire 96, brush 60, contact sector 48, brus '63, wire 76, brush 59, contact sector 47, brush 58 and wire 95, back to secondary winding 100 17. The second circuit is as follows:\Second ary winding l19, wire 98, brush 64contact sector 50, brush 65, wire 1,14, Wire 79b to X- ray tube, thence back to wire 92", thence b wire 116 to brush 69, Contact sector 53, brus 70, wire '101, secondary winding 20, wire 100, brush 68,l contact sector 52, brush 71, wirel 78, brush 67,'contact sector 51, brush 66 and Wire 99, .lbacl to secondary winding 19.

Except as otherwise above specified, the various electrical connections and parts in Figure 2 are the same as in Figure 1. It' does not appear to be necessary to trace. further the,l circuits associated with Figure 2, as these currents are changed periodicallyv by the rotation of the disks, as fully explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

Itis obvious that the various connections to the brushes can be arranged in other ways than those above described, so as Yto obtain different ratios of potential as `compared with current. For instance the connections can be Yarranged in multiple-series rather than in series or'in parallel as described.v I do not deem it necessary to show or den scribe such variations in the connections, or to .pursue further the practical Aeffects thereneerin and mechanical skill.-l

In igure 3 my device is'shown as used 130 in connection with a so-called Coolidge tube, that is, an X-ray tube inwhich the single discharge in the tube takes place from a heated cathode to the anode. This cathode is shown at 114, and has the form of a glowing iilament.- .The anode appears at 80, a wire 79b leading to itin the same manner and for the same purpose that in Figure 1 the wire 79 leads to the anode 80. A wire 92 is coiinectedfwitli the cathode 1124, and

leads therefrom to the brush 69, thus correspending to the wire 92 in Figure 1. The wire 92 is connected with a wire 115, the latter being connected to a wire 116 which isgrounded at 17 7. The ground wire 116 and the wire 115 are connected to a wire 118,

lleading to the brush 75.

A wire 119 leads from the cathode 114 to the brush '73. l l

The cathode 114 is heated by currents from the transformer 13.

In the forni of my device shown in Figure 3 I do not need the transformer shown in Figure 1 at 32, and by omitting thistrans-l former and parts immediately associated I simplify the apparatus accordingly.

he primarywinding 35 is by a wirel27a connected with a variable magnetic resists ance 120. This device is provided with an armature 121, controllable by a screw feed 122, in such manner that the position of the armature can be controlled with great eX- actness, and the .inductive .resistance of the circuit controlled accordingly.

)Vith the exceptions above noted, the structure and action of the mechanism shown in Figure 3 is indentical with that appearing in Figure 2.

With the movable parts in Figure 3 ap-l pearing as indicated, the circuit for heatingthe cathode 114 may be Itraced as follows:

the cathode 81.

Secondary windii'ig 26, wire 87. brush 72,

' contact sector 54, brush 73, wiie 1419, cathode 114, wire 115, wires'116 and 118 (the wire 116 being grounded), biusli 75, Contact sec-- tor 55, brush 74 and wire 86 back toL secondary winding 26.

With disks turned each a quarter 'of a rev- `elution and the polarity ofthe transformers reversed, the circuit through the cathode may be traced as follows: Secondary winding 26, wire 86, brush 74, contact sector 54 (now in a new position), brush 73, wire 119, cathode 114, wire 115, wires 116 and 118 (the Wire 116 being grounded), .brush 75, contact sector brush 72 and wire S7 back to secondary winding 26.

The currents for heating the cathode shown at114 in Figure 3 are of the same character as those used for setting up discharges from the terminal 93, considered as an anode, and

are for the purpose of ignition.

synchronism with the currents from the secondary Wind- Such currents thus usedy ings of the main transformer. That is to say, they are given a slight lead as compared with the secondary currents of the main transformer, in order that the ignition dis charge may act as a pilot control for the main' discharge. y

The lead thus given to the ignition discharge is regulated, at the will of the'oper ator, by manual adjustmentof the disk 43. upon the shaft 37. The adjustment is accomplished by loosening the bolt 45, turning the disk slightly upon the shaft, and tightening\the bolt. This leaves the disk 43 slightly displacedrelatively to the other disks.

The adjustment just described is also useful for adapting the machine for use under different degrees of inductance presented by the secondary windings of the main transformer, as for instance when these windings are operated lsometimes in series and other times in parallel. Again, with changes' of speed, changes 0I" current, changes of potential and changes in other factors, it is found in practice desirable to thus adjust the control of the ignition circuit relatively to the main circuit.

In the form of my device shown in Figure 4 the X-ray tube used is a gas tube 15". The anode 8()b is by a Wiie 79c connected with the br, ish 57. The cathodeis shown at 123. A wi 'e 124 or 77 is connected with the cathode, ar il a wire 125, which leads to the ground at 12". A wire 127 is connected to the wires 121 and 125, and. leads therefrom to the 100 brpsh 69. The only transformer here used is the main transformer 12.

Except as noted, the structure and action ofthe mechanism shown in Figure 4 is substantially the same as that'shown in other 105 figures and above described.

The operation of my device is set forth at length in the foregoing description.

yAn X-ray tube of suitable type for the work to be done is selected, and the apparatus is adapted as above described to meet the requirements of the tube. l,

The operator connects the windings for high potential and little current, or for lower potential and more current, as desired. If he uses the ignition circuit, he makes an adjustment for the pnrpose ottim- 'ing the ignition discharges relatively to the main discharges.

The apparatus above described has many advantages. The secondary of the main transformer being built up of distinct sections, its ,various` lparts are readily accessible for repair ,and replacement, and are-to some extent intercluingeable. These secondary windings may be treated as units, the number of which ymay be increased within llimits permitted by the size of the machine, or may 'be diminished as desired.

The arrangement of the itarious windings, 1 35' greatest potential each having a smallv diameter,

' single commercial and 'particularly that vof the secondary windings of the main transformen. renders the matter of 'thorough insulation relatively easy.

` Aggroupment of the various windings and rectifyin disks, 'las/bove described, efi'ectively distributes' the potential developed, so that the parts which are subjected to the strains are' as a general rule spaced widely apart. Thus thenlanger of a break down is greatly diminished.

By the' use of a number of rectifyiiig disks in place of a single disk of large diameter, the peripheral speed is actually reduced. Not only that, but this' reductionvin peripheralspeed virtually increases the insulation afforded by the air, by preventing the .formation of 'partial vacuums which have heretofore been found so objectionable in disk machines rotating at high speeds. Again, by the reduction in speed, waste of power in driving the machine is avoided and the noise ot the operation is reduced.

The principal advantage however, is that of merging together, in a machine, practically all of the various mechanisms which act in different ways upon the X-ray tube. That is to say, I combine in a unitary structure the filament heating mechanism, the ignition mechanism and such other mechanism as. is absolutelyinherent in all modern devices 0f my device,

`for producing X-rays upon a commercial scale.

.. My lcomparatively light admit of standardization to extent. A

I do not limit myself to the particular mechanism here shown, the spirit of my invention being commensurate with my claims.

L In an electric machine the combination of a plurality of a number of secondary devicel is compact, and can be'built and strong. Its parts a considerable Y' windings, a plurality of rectifying tiisks aS- y sociated with mounted to rotate freely in air, conductors said secondary windjings and connecting said secondary windings Iwith said rectiying disks in order to enable the rectifying disks to rectify the currents gen/ d shaft in order to time erated '.in s aid secondary windings, an means controllable at the will of the operator for adjusting one of said rectifying disks' relatively to another, in order to cause one of said currents to lag behind another. y 2. In an electric machine the combination of a plurality of secondary windings,

'for generating high potential' currents, a`

h and actuated thereby,

plurality oic rectifying devices. one for eac secondary Winding, electrical connections controllable at the will of the operator for connecting said secondary windings with said rectifying disks in a plurality of difsaid revoluble ferent-Ways int-orderlto change'the ratio of potential relatively to current generated in said secondary windings and rectified by said rectifying disks,'and means controllable at the will'of the operator tor causing currents v,generated by one of said secondaryl windings and rectified by one of said rectifying disks to lagrelativelyto currents generated by another 'and rectified by disks.

of said secondary windings 3. In. an electric machine the combination of a plurality of secondary windings, means for energizing said windings simultaneously ini order to generate l alternating currents therein, a 4 plurality of rectitying devices connected with said secondary windin s in. order to rectify the currents generated t iereby, an additional souicdof alternatingcui-A rents, av rectifying device connected there f H with for the purpose of rectifying said lastrxientioned alternating currents, and means for timing Ysaid y"last-mentioned rectiitying device relatively to said rectifying disks. d. In an electric machine Vthe combination of a vplurality of secondary windings,ineans for energizing said windings simultaneously in order to generate alternating currents therein, a plurality of rectifying disks con'w nected with said secondary windings in onder to rectify the currents generated thereby, an additional source ot alternating curre` t, an additional disk connected with said a, itional sourcebf 'alternating current, a; sh ift connected with all of said rectitying disks, and means controllable at the will et the operator for adjusting'said additional rectifying disk angu arly in relation to said plurality of rectifying disks, in order to time the currents from said additional source of alternating currents. j

In an electric machine the combination of a plurality ofrertiiying disks, means for supplying thereto alternating currents to lbe rectiedfa shaft upon which ali'of said rectitying disks are carried, an addi tional rectifying disk mounted upon said revoluble shaft, a source of alter ating cur rent for supplying said additional disk with currents to be rectified, and means for enablincr the operatr to adjust said last-men tioned recti ing disk relatively to said the currents rectitied by said last-mentioned reetifying disk rela tively. to the currents rerrtiiied by said plu rality of rectifyi-ng disks., l

6. In ap electric tion of afrevoluble shaft, means for timing ing disks mounted upon said revoluble shaft Y the operator to adjust one of said rectitjring disks relatively to said revoluble shaft anotherl of said rectifying shaft, a plurality of leggi; a

means for supplying l l le machine the combina-a.

to theothei: rectifying-disks mounted there.

upon. l; A

7. In an electric machine the combination of a Arevoluble shaft, means for timing said revoluble shaft, a plurality of rectifying devicesconnected with said revoluble shaft'and actuated by the rotation thereof,r

an additionalrectifying device mounted `upon said revoluble shaft. and actuated by the rotation thereof, means for enabling the operator .to shift said additional rectifyng device relatively to said revoluble shaft and to said'irstsmentioned rectifying devices, andmeans for 'supplying alternating cur7 rents toall of said rectifying devices.

8. In an electric machine the combination of a transformer provided with 'a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, a plurality of rectifying disks connected with said secondary windings 1n order to rectify the currents therefrom, a'

second transformer provided with aprimary Awinding and asecondary winding, an additional rectifying disk connected with said last-mentioned secondary winding for the purpose of rect-ifying the currents therefrom, vmeans for adjusting said additional rectifying disk relatively to said plurality 'f of rectifying disks in order to time the currents rectified by said additional'disk rela* tively to the currents rectified by said plurality of disks, and means for simultaneously energizing said first-mentioned primary winding and said secondfmentioned primary winding.

9. An electric 'machine of the character described, comprising a transformer provided with .a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, a plurality of rectifying disks, one for each secondary winding', connections from said secondary windings to said rectifying disks, conductors for connecting said rectifying disks in a circuit in which reotied'currents are to be used, a synchronous. motor provided with a revoluble shaft for turningq said rectifying disks, means for supp-lyingA alternating current rto said; synchronous motor and said transformer so as to energize the saine synclironously, and an additional disk connected withV said revoluble shaft and adjustable relatively there-to, for controlling andtiming an additional circuit. y f

l0. An electric machine of the character described, comprising a transformer provided with a primary winding and a plu rality of secondary windings, a plurality of rectifying disks, one for each secondary windiiig, connections from said secondary windings to said rectifying, disks, a 'sync-hronous motor provided with an armature and'with a revoluble shaft carrying all of said recrtifying disks and being connected withsaid armature for the purpose of turning said rectifying disks, said shaft being adjustable relatively to said armature for the purpose of advancing or retarding all of said rectifying disks as a group relatively to a given phase of said synchronous motor at the will of the operator and means for supplying alternating current to said transformer and said synchronous motor in order to energize the same synchronously.

1l. An electric machine of the character described, comprising a transformer provided with a primary winding and a secondary winding, a rectifying disk associated with said secondary winding, connections from said -secondary winding to said rectifying disk, a synchronous motor provided with a revoluble armature, a revoluble shaft connected with said armature and carrying said rectifying disk, means controllable at lthe will of the operator for enabling him to adjust said revoluble shaft relatively to said armature so as to advance or 'retard thel saine, an additional rectifying disk mounted upon said revoluble shaft, means for enabling the operator to adjust said last-mentioned disk relatively to said revoluble shaft in order to advance or retard said'last-mentioned disk relatively to said shaft and means for supplying to said last-mentioned dislcan alternating current to be rectified thereby.

` REINHOLD H. WAPPLER.

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