US1419135A - Garbage seducer and distillatob - Google Patents

Description

P. LGOODMAN.

GARBAGEBEDUCER AND DISTILLATQR.

APPLICATION FILED NOVLG, 1920.

PatentedJune 13,1922;

2 SHEETSSHEET l- 79L. (i0 zzizcuz P. L. GOODMAN.

GARBAGE REDUCER AND DISTILLATOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.6, 1920.

1,419,185, Patented June 13,1922.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.-

PATENT. OFFICE.

2 PHILIP L. GOODMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

cameos annucna AND nrs'nmron Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J n 13 1922 Application filed November 6, 1920. Serial No. 422,207.,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP L. GOODMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, Cook County, and State -of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Garbage Reducers and Distillators, of which the following is declared to be a'full, clear, and exact de-' scription.

This invention relates to apparatus for the reduction and distillation of garbage and industrial waste, and its principal object is to provide improved apparatus for accomplishing this result in a more efiicient manner than has been done heretofore. Another object is to provide means whereby derivatives from garbage may be separated and collected in separate receptacles. Another object is to provide a reducer and distillator for garbage and industrial waste wherein the greases,phosphoric acid, ammonia, alcohol, base, tar product and gas may be separated from'the mass by the direct application of furnace heat to \a retort-distillator containing the mass, the residuereduced in,

the retort-distillator to carbon, and the carbon deposited in the combustion chamber of the furnace and utilized as fuel for the reduction and distillation of garbage, and reduced to ash, from which potash and fertilizer is obtained. Another object is to .pipe in which the volatile substan'ceare carried oil from the retort-distillator, and In.

which they are condensed at different places along the length of the pipe, whereby they -may be collected in separate receptacles, the

retort-.distillator being remo'vably supported in the combustion chamber of a furnace, whereby after the process of distillation therein the residue may be readily discharged from the retort-distillator into the combustion chamber for use as fuel and for further reduction. I

lhe invention further consists in the sev- The invention is clearly illustrated in the 7 accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 1s a view partly in elevation and partly in cross section of a garbage reducer and distillator embodying a simple form of the preferred invention; Fig. 2 is a detail, central, vertical section through the dome and coupling of the retort-distlllator; Fig. 3 is a detail, vertical section of a fragment of the retort-distillator showing a form of clamping means used for removably securing the dome or head of the retort-distillator to its receptacle,and Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 4-4: of Fig. 1. 1

Referring to said drawing, the reference character '5, designates a furnace or incinerator of suitable construction, having a fire box 6 and a combustion chamber 7 that may be. separated from the fire box by a wall or baflle'8 around which the products of combustion pass from the fire box to the combustion chamber. Grate bars 9 are provided in said fire box and combustion chambar as usual, and, an arch 10 incloses the upper end of the furnace. A roof 11 may be provided above said arch as shown, and a smoke stack 12 is provided to carry ofi' products of combustion. The exact form of furnace or incinerator herein shown and described is, not material to this invention,

.broadly considered, but serves well for the purpose of illustration.

In the roof 11 and arch 10 are holes 13 Which open to the combustion chamber 7 and the roof is-reinforced around said holes by the flanged rings 14. Removably supported by the roof are the -retort-distillators 15 which are of suflicient length to extend well into the interior of the combustion chamber. .'Said retort-disti'llators may be provided with horizontal flanges 16, adapted to rest on the rings 14.

Each retort-distillator comprises a garbage receptacle 17 which may be in the form of an elongated :kettle, closed at the top by a dome or' head 18 which is removably secured thereto. Conveniently, the dome or head may be clamped to the receptacle by arms 20that are rotatively secured in upvstandinglugs 21 formed on the flange 16,0f

the receptacle. The, domehas an annular flange 22 on its lower end that rests on the flange 16 of the receptacle 17 or on an lnterposed asbestos gasket 23, and the clamp screws are adapted to bear agaanst said flange 22 to clamp the dome and receptacle to ether.

onnected to the dome of each retort-dis- A' tillator is a condenser pipe 24 which may mits each retort-distillator to be readily temperature of from 600'to 1200 degrees.

disconnected from the condenser pipe 24 while the process of reduction and distillation is being carried on. Said pipe 24 is exposed to the atmosphere and has ajplurality of traps or U bends 28, 29, therein,

' from which lead discharge pipes 30, 31, tllgat empty into tanks or receivers 32, 33. yond the last trap or U bend 29 the condenser pipe is inclined upwardly and' extends through a water jacket 34:, and its end portion 36 is carried into the furnace and terminates in a nozzle 37 which may be located in the fire box or combustion chamber. Cold water is supplied to. the water jacket 34 through a water sppply pipe 38 and discharged therefrom through a water discharge pipe 39. I

In accordance with one/phase of the invention, a fluid collecting pipe 40 is let into the retort distillator, which pipehas a plurality of inlet branches 41 along its length.

The' upper end of said pipe 40 opens into the discharge opening of the dome and may be removably supported therein by a pin 42 which may be inserted through holes in the nipple 25 and pipe 40. Said pipe may, however, be long enough to rest on the bottom of the garbage receptacle and protrude into the discharge opening of the dome.

In the operation of the apparatus above. described the domes are removed from the garbage receptacles, the latter filled or partially filled with garbage or industrial waste, the domes replaced and clamped on the receptacles and the condenser pipe 24 coupled to the domes. At the initial stage, fuel is employed in the fire box, which fuel is ignited and the products of combustion therefrom pass around, the retort-distillators and escape through the smoke stack. A

Fahrenheit is maintained in the combustion chamber, to which the garbage orindustrial waste in the retort disti1lator is subjected.

A process of distillation then takes place, causing the various derivatives to flow through the pipe 24 and discharge into the tanks or receivers 32, 33, those of greaterspecific gravity flowing into the tank 32 and "potash.

those of less specific-gravityjflowing into the tank 33. The vapors and volatile substances .that flow past the traps 28,29, are finally condensed by the cold'water contained in the water jacket 34 and flow back through the inclined pipe into the tra 29 and discharge through the pipe 31 into t e tank 33.

1 Upon the cessation of the flow of liquids a process of carbonizationtakes place in the retort-distillators, leaving a mass of live carbon in each, and a gas making stage is at;

rived at, the gas given off being of such quality as to take the place of or in addition to other? fuel' for the continuation of and completion of all the'final processes. Afterwards the residual carbon is removed from the retort-distillators and turned into the combustion chamber 7 where the carbon is now used as fuel for carrying on theprocess of distillation, and is converted into an ash, which ash is subjected to a certain process (which forms no part of this invention) to extract the potassium salts contained therein, and the residue is then subjected to further treatment. by which there is pro duced a complete and finished fertilizer, containing phosphoric acid, ammonia and To remove the carbon tillator, the shut-off valve 25, in. the branch pipe 25 leading from it, is closed, and the retort-distillator is disconnected from the branch pipe, lifted out of the combustion chamber, the dome removed, the receptacleinverted over the hole 14, and the carbon 'contents discharged upon the grate bars of thecombustionchamber, where it is subjectfrom the fuel in the fire box, and rto the gas coming from the gas pipe. Combustion of the carbon then takes place and supplies the heat for the further distillation of garfrom any retort-dised to the products of combustion issuing V bage. After the receptacle has been emptied I it is refilled, closed, replaced in the combustion chamber, and connected up to the branch pipe, and the shut-off valve is opened,

and the process of distillation is continued in that retort-distillator.

The combustion chamber'receives the carbon produced in each retort-distillatorafter all the distillates are driven off and the car- 'bon takes the place of other fuel to further generate the'hea't necessary to operate in the reduction of waste and garbage placed into the several retort d-istill'ators. The residual ash obtained from the combustion chamber after it is again subjected to a further process becomes a finished fertilizer from which the greater portion of the potassium salts .are extracted.

In the apparatus herein illustrated and described, 1 approximately "1000} pounds ofgarbage 1s acted upon in' each retort-distillater, and about 250 pounds of coal are i used as the fuel at the commencement of the operation of the furnace. Thereafter, until shut down, the carbon and combustible gases from the -retort-distillators are used as fuel for the reduction and distillation of' garbage. From each 1000 pounds of garbage about 100 pounds of carbon ispotash, tar product and gas, and the remainder is a finished fertilizer In this discovery all of the valuable contents are extracted which heretofore were lost, the only products by other methods being the greases and tankage. This left con-- siderable waste matter to be disposed of by dumping or other methods which are expensive. The salvage of valuable by-products and the economical methods of complete disposal without the attendant expense of disposal, of filter cloths corn cobs and unburned vegetable matter, makes this invention of value greater than those of others now existant.

The distillation and retorting by directheat and the simultaneous production and distillation of the various products by this economical method described are processes superior to any now in use, and the fact that there is positively no. disagreeable odor or smoke exuding from or by this device or chimney makes this the most hygienic method of disposal known.

By the use of the apparatus described,

a great savhig of time for the complete reduction and distillation of garbage is had,

and practically all of the waste matter is made use of, there being little or nothing to be otherwise disposed of.

I claim as new, and desire 'to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A reducer and distillator for garbage and-waste matter, comprising a furnace, a plurality of retort-distillators removably supported in the combustion chamber of the furnace, each being separately removable from the furnace at any time, and a condenser lator.

2. A reducer and distillator for garbage and waste matter, comprising a furnace, a plurality of retortdistillators extending through holes in the top wall of the furnace and removably supported in the combustion pipe leading from each retort-distilcontents thereof may be deposited in the combustion chamber, for use as fuelifor chamber of the furnace, said retort-distillators bein separately removable from the furnace an each having a removable dome and a condenser pipe removably connected to said dome.

3. A reducer and distillator for garbage and waste matter, comprisinga furnace, a

retort-distillator removably supported in the combustion chamber of the furnace and having a removable dome provided with a discharge opening, a fluid collecting pipe removably supported in said retort-distillator and discharging into said discharge opening and a condenser pipe leading from'the discharge opening of the dome of said retortdistillator.

4. A reducer and distillator for garbage and Waste matter, comprising a .furnace, a plurality of retort-distillators, removably supported in the combustion chamber of the furnace, and each having a removable dome, and a dischargelopening in said dome for the discharge of vapors, and each retort distillator being removable and invertible, whereby the carbonized contents thereof may be deposited in the combustion cham her, for use as fuel for carryingon the reduction and distillation process.

5. A reducer and distillator for garbage and waste matter, comprising a furnace having a plurality of holes in one wall, a plurality of retort-distillators extending in through said holes and removably supported in the combustion chamber of the furnace, and each having a removable dome, and a discharge openingin said dome for the discharge of vapors, and each retort-distillator being removable and invertible over its hole in the furnacewall, whereby the carbonized contents thereof may be deposited in the combustion chamber, for use as fuel for carrying on the reduction and distillation process.

6. A reducer and distillator for garbage and waste matter, comprising a furnace, a plurality of retort-distillators removably supported in the combustion chamber of the furnace, and each having a removable dome, and a discharge opening in said dome for the discharge of vapors, a condenser pipe, valve controlled branch pipes leading therefrom to the several retort-distillators, and each retort-distillator being definitely located and separately removable at any time and invertible, whereby the carbonized carrying on the reduction and distillation process.

PHILIP L. GOODMAN.

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