US1481597A - Liquid-fuel sprayer - Google Patents

Description

A. FoRsTER LIQUID FUEL SPRAYER Jan.. 22 1924.

Filed Feb. 4:, 1921 Patented dan. 22, i924.

ANDREW FOR/STER, 0F COWES, ISLE` 0F WIGHT, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 J'. SAMUEL WHITE & COMPANY LIMITED, 0F EAST COITES,y ISLE 0F WIGHT, ENGLAND.

LIQUID-FUEL SPRAYER.

Apiuicauoii inea February 4, 1921. serial No. 442,517.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ANDREW F oRsTER, a subject of the King of England, and residing at Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Sprayers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to liquid fuel sprayers and more particularly to sprayers. possessing a central valve spindle with a conical end which extends into `the sprayer nozzle, and has for its object to modify certain existing constructions so as to provide a sprayer which has a. lhigh eiicienc and enables the fuel to be sprayed at higfi velocity while'employing a lower delivery pressure than is usual with known constructions.

In a form of sprayer previously in use a series of tangentially arranged grooves were provided through. which the liquid fuel passed into a central chamber from which the delivery orifice led. In this case the path followed by the fuel has to turn substantially at right angles where the fuel enters the tangential grooves and consequently velocity is lost and ahigher pressure is required for delivering the fuel than might otherwise be needed. In a later modification of this type of sprayerl a separateplate in which are tangential slots is employed the fuel passing from the end of an annular chamber into the slots wherein the direction of flow is turned at right angles the fuel subsequently issuing from the inner ends of the slots into a central chamber whence it pas-.ses as spray through the delivery orifice. By means of the present improvements this change in the direction of Howv as the fuel enters the tangential grooves or slots is avoided so that the resistance thereby offered to the free flow of fuel is materially decreased and consequently less pressure is required to deliver the fuel through the sprayer. The improved construction also provides means whereby the sprayer may be adjusted in a simple manner so as to vary the quantityv of fuel delivered by it.

According to this invention an annular chamber is fomned between the end of the body of the sprayer and a removable end cap into which chamber the fuel is delivered under pressure. An annular plate lies between the opposed faces of the body and the capp the outer periphery of this plate forming the inner wall of the annular chamber. AIn the plate are one or more grooves or holes which are disposed tangentially with respect to a central chamber of which the hole within the plate forms part. These grooves or holes are designed straight so as to ive the maximum possible velocity, and to eep down the pressure. The outer ends of the grooves or holes open through the outer periphery of the plate into theannular chamber. Thus the path followed by the fuel as it iows through the sprayer is deflected in the annularchamber whence the fuel can flow straight through the tangential passages and consequently the resistance to the flow is decreased. Conveniently the annular plate lies partly in a recess formed either in the inner face of the cap or inthe end 0f the body of the sprayer the depth of this recess being such that a substantial portion of the outer periphery of the plate projects beyond the recess so as to form the inner wall of the annular chamber. A series of interchangeable annular plates is provided each plate having one or more tangential grooves or holes in it but the number of these grooves or holes varying in each plate. The amount of fuel delivered by the sprayer can therefore be determined and varied in accordance with the number of holes or grooves in the plate which is inserted in the sprayer. Conveniently one or more tangential grooves are formed in one face of each annular plate the groove or grooves being constructed and arranged so that when the plate is in position between the end of the body of Athe sprayer and the cap, one or more passages will be formed which lead from the inner side of the annular chamber into the central chamber whence the fuel passes to the delivery orifice. The recess whether formed lin the inner face of the end cap or in the end of the body is of such depth that one side of the plate is sunk into the recess to an extent which is not less than the depth of the groove or grooves formed in the opposite face of the plate. Thus if the plate is incorrectly placed in osition the passages in it will be closed andp the mistake will be at once apparent. y

The invention may be carried out in practice in various ways but the accompanying drawings illustrate ,by way of example alternative constructions that be adopted. In these drawings.,

' the drawings.

Figure l is a longitudinal sectionalelevation of the end portion of a fuel sprayer to Figure l. but showing an alternative construction a Y Likeiettersl indicate like parts throughout The body of the sprayer of which only the end isshowu in the drawings 1s of known construction with a valve spindle B Imssing longitudinally through it. a hollow space C living formed around the spindle into`which the liquid fuel is forced by suitable-means. From the end of this fuel space C aseries of diverging passages D run through'the end portionrA of the body of they sprayer these passages terminating in vorifices D situated in the end face of the sprayer body. I n the: construction shown in Figure 1 a shallow annular recess A2 is formed in the outerjpfart of the end face of the body and the orifices D lie in this recess. A. cap E is screwed on tothe end portion A Iof the sprayer bodyfandis fixed in place by a locl nut F or otherwise. At the centre of this cap is the delivery orifice Gr which is provided with a seating for a conical.

valveB formed on the end of the spindle B.' The length of the cone forming this valve may varyand at its apex it is provided with a cylindrical prolongation B2 on the endY ofwhich is an enlargement B3 which lies fill beyond the delivery opening G and serves to spread the'fuel passing through this openlng. i In the inner face-of the cap E immediately around the openingfG there is formed a recess E which" constitutes part of a. central chamber into which the fuel is'V delivered before it passes through the delivery passage G. Around this recess E thereis formed inthe face of the cap E an annular recess E2 of lessdepth than the recess E and in this recess lies anv annular plate H. vThis. plate is of such thickness that when in position part of its outer periphery is sunk ...into the recess E2 while the remainder of this periphery as at H constitutes the inner wall of an annular Vchamber-J whose other walls are respectively formed by the annular recess A2 in the end face of the sprayer body A and the sides ES andl E4 of the interior angle of the cap E. The hole H2-in the centre ofV the plate H is convenientlyof the same diamassage .through which the valvevspindle passes and alsothe recess inv the -cap IE and'these parts constitute a central. chamber into which the fuel `is dclivered through grooves H3 formed in one face of the plate H. These grooves H3 as shown in Figure 2 run taugentially from the central hole H2 right out to and through the periphery H of the plate so that when the grooved face of the plate is held by the cap E against the face of the end portion A of the sprayer body tangential fuel passages are formed which lead from the inner wall H of the annular chamber J into the central chamber H2.

The fuel passes through the space C in the valve body A 1n the direction of the axis of the latter and thence through the diverging passages D into the annular chamber J in which the direction of flow is changed' and the fuel then fiows inwardly through the tangential passages H3 into the central chamber H2. The change in the direction of flow thus takes place in the annular chamber J without serious obstruction so thatl less pressure is required 'to force fuel through the'sprayer than when the change in direction occurs actually in the ends of tangential grooves or slots as in previous constructions of sprayers.

A series of interchangeable plates H are provided as shown in Figure 2 each plate having a different number of tangential grooves H3 the number conveniently ranging from 1 to 4 and these grooves being disposed as shown in Figure 2. Thus if the sprayer is todeliver a lesser quantity of fuel a plate H is inserted having say only one or perhaps two grooves, but on the other hand, if a greater quantity of fuel is to be delivered a plate having say four grooves may be used. In order to prevent the 'plate from being wrongly placed in the sprayer the recess E2 in the inner face of the capv E in which one side of the plate H lies is made of such depth that if the plate is placed in the cap` the' wrong way round with the grooved face against the face of the cap then the ends of the grooves H3 will be com pletely closed by the side wall of the recess E2. As there will thus he no passage through the sprayer the mistake can he readily ascertained when the sprayer is tested to see that the passages are clear.

In the modified construction shown in Figure 3, in place of the' recess in which one side of the plate H lies being formed in the oap E, this recess is formed as at A in the face of the end portion A of the body of the sprayer. The outer annular part A2 of this end face in which are the orifices D at the ends of the passages D then projects beyond the inner part of the face. The grooved face of the plate H is placed against vthe inner face E of the ca which is ,formed flat around the 'recess E. The ends of the tangential grooves H3 lead, however, as'before from the annular chamber J through the inner wall of this chamber which is formed by the periphery H of the plate H.

In the construction shown in Figure 1 it is preferable to form the valve cone B on the end of the spindle B of greater length than in the construction shown in Figure 3 since in the construction shown in Figure l the grooves H3 lead the fuel into the inner end of the central` chamber H2. On the other hand, in the construction shown in Figure 3 t-he grooves H3 deliver the fuel into the central chamber nearer to the delivery passage Gr, the cent-ral chamber in this case being formed to a considerable extent by the recess E which is made of greater depth than in the construction shown in Figure l.

The details of construction may be modilied as required in accordance with the construction of sprayer to which the invention is applied. The thickness of each plate H may vary for example in accordance with the dimensions that it is required to give to the annular chamber J. Also in place of grooves H3 in the fac-e of each plat-e tangential holes may be drilled through the plate, these holes being arranged so that they will lead from the outerperiphery of the plate which forms the inner wall of'the annular'chamber J into the central hole A2 in the plate. 'Ihe annular chamber J may be formed in various ways and the outer wall E4 may be curved if` desired so as to merge into the wall E3 in order to facilitate the change in the direction of the flow of the fuel which takes place in this chamber.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters `Patent is l. In a liquid fuel sprayer the combina tion of a hollow cylindrical sprayer body having a closed end with a circular flat end surface, a cap on thesend of the sprayer body, an 'annular plate gf less outside diameter than that of the end of the sprayer body disposed and carried between it and the cap so that an annular space is formed in advance of the closed end of the sprayer body and the cap, between the sprayer body' and the hole in the centre of the annular plate constituting a mixing chamber, a plurality of passages formed .in the annular plate and extending tangentially from t-he central opening therein to and through the outer periphery of the plate and serving for the flow of fuel from the annular chamber, a plurality of passages extending from the hollow interior of the sprayer body through the closed end thereof into the annular chamber and serving for the delivery of `fuel into this chamber, and 'a central orifice leading through the end, cap from the mixing chamber and serving as a nozzle for the sprayer as set forth.

- 2. In a liquid fuel sprayer the combination of a hollovs7 cylindrical sprayer body having a closed end with a circular flat end surface, a cap on the end of the sprayer` body, an annular plate of less diameter than the end of the sprayer body disposed and carried between it and the cap so that an annular space is formed in advance of the closed end of the sprayer body and between it and the cap, the hole in the centre of the annular plate constituting a mixing chamber, a plurality of grooves formed in one face of the plate forming in conjunction with the flat surface against which the plate is held, a series of passages extending tangentially from the central opening in the plate to and through the outer periphery of the plate land serving for the flow of fuel from the annular chamber, a plurality of passages extending from the hollow interior of the sprayer body through the closed end thereof into the annular chamber and serving for the deliveryof fuel into t-his-chamber, and a central orice lea-ding through the end cap from the mixing chamber and serving as a nozzle for the sprayer as set forth.

In a liquid fuel sprayer the combination of a sprayer body` a cap mounted on the end of the sprayer body so that the inner face of the cap is opposed to the end face of the body, a recess formed in one ot these opposed faces. an annular plate carried between the sprayer body and the cap and disposed wit-h a part of its thickness in the recess in one of these opposed faces the central 'opening in the plate constituting a mixing chamber while that portion of the outer periphery of the plate which does not lie within the recess forms the inner wall of an annular chamber comprised between the cap and the end of the sprayer body, a plurality of passages formed in the annular plate and extending tangentially from the central opening therein to and through the outer perlphery of the plate and serving for the :How of fuel from the annular chamber, a plurality of passages extending through the end of the body of the sprayer into the annular chamber and serving for the delivery of fuel into this chamber, and a central orifice leading through the end cap from the mixing chamber and constituting a nozzle for the sprayer as set forth.

4. In a liquid fuel sprayer the combination of a hollow cylindrical sprayer body having a closed endrwith a fiat circular end surface, a cap on the end of the sprayer bod anannular plate of less diameter than the end of the sprayer body disposed and carried between 1t and the cap so that an annular space is formed in a.dvance.of the closed end of the sprayer body and between the sprayer body and the cap, the hole in the centrek of the annular plate constituting a mixing chamber, a plurality of passages formed in the annular plate and extending tangentially from the central opening therein to and through the outer periphery of the plate and serving for the flow ot' fue. from the annular'chamber, a plurality of passages extending from the hollow interior of the sprayer body through the closed end thereof into the annular chamber and serving for the delivery of fuel into this chamber, a central oritice leading through the end cap from the mixing chamber and serving as a nozzle for the sprayer, and a valve carried on a spindle extending through the closed end of the sprayer body into the mixing chamber and nozze opening as set forth.

5. In a liquid fuel sprayer the combination of a sprayer body, a Cap mounted on the end of the sprayer body so that the inner face of the cap is opposed to the end face of the body, a recess formed in one of these opposed faces, an annular plate carried between the sprayer body and the cap and disposed with a part. of its thickness in the recess in one of these opposed faces the central opening in the plate constituting a mixing chamber While that portion of the outer periphery of the plate Which does not lie Within the recess forms the inner Wall of an annular chamber comprised between the cap and the end of the sprayer body, a plurality of grooves so formed in one face of the annular plate that with the part against which the face of this plate lies the grooves Will constitute passages extending tangentially from the central opening in the plate to and through the outer periphery of the plate and serving for the flow of fuel from 'the annular chamber, a. plurality of passages extending through the end of the body of the sprayer into the annular chamber and serving for the delivery of fuel into this chamber, and a central orifice leading posed with a part of its thickness in the rel cess in one of these opposed faces the central opening in the plate constituting a mixing chamber While that portion of the outer periphery of the plate which does not lie Within the recess forms the inner wall of an annular chamber comprised between the cap and the end of the sprayer body, a plurality of straight grooves so formed in one face ot' the annular plate that with the part against which the face ofl this plate `lies the grooves will constitute passages extending tangentially from the central opening in the plate to and through the outer periphery of the plate and serving for the flow of fuel from the annular chamber, a plurality of passages extending through the end of the body of the sprayer into the annular chalnber and serving for the delivery of fuel into this chamber, a central orifice leading through the end cap from the mixing chamber and constituting a. nozzle for the sprayer. and a valve carried on a spindle extending through the body of the sprayer into the mixing chamber and nozzle opening as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ANDREWr FORSTER.

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