US1478370A - Burner nozzle - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 25, 1923. 1,478,370

W. T. ADOLPHSEN BURNER NOZZLE Filed March 25 1922 til wn'uzssass INVENIQR 1 I 7 ATTORNEYS Patented Dec: 25, @233,

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Application and time 235,1922. semi no. ceaeae.

adapted to atomize liquid fuels such as heavy crude oils and to discharge theminto a combustion chamber in the form of a thoroughly broken up readily combustible fog- 1 like mist or spray.

All)

This object,'and others, including a simple, easily manufactured durable construe tion,are attained by the arrangement of arts illustrated in the drawings and set orth in the followingspecification.

Referring to the drawings Fig. 1 is a central vertical partial section through the nozzle and its connecting pipes, constituting the burner; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on the line Ill-11 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the central member of the burner.

lln burning such heavy fuels as crude oil, tar and the like, it is necessar to break u the heavy hydro-carbon liquid into sma globules or particles, and to mix these with an oxygen burning gas, and to introduce these into a heated chamber, in order to secure a ready combustion of such fuels. 7

It has been customary, and is the common ractice, to dischar e such fuels into the urnace through a burner by means of a gas such as air or steam, which passes through the burner and picks up the fuel at some point therein, in such manner as to .atomize the liquid iiuel as it is discharged into the furnace.

My invention employs this old and well known principle, and the improvement lies in the change of construction'and arrangement of parts, whereby the gas is caused to harm a vortex at the end of a burner supply pipe in such a manner as to draw the-fuel from the pipe and efiectively atomize it. Particularly, my arrangement secures the discharge of the carrying gaseous fluid, such as air or steam, from a narrow. annular opening surrounding an outlet at the tip of the burner from which the liquid fuel emerges unmixed with said gaseous fluid. In addition todischarging the carrying gas from such a narrowcircular opening surroundin the fuel outlet, ll provide means so that t is gas emerges with a centrifu a1, or whirling action forming a vortex, an it is this arrangement that draws the liquid from the pipe and secures'the veryeficient atomizin of the fuel, and consequently the rear rare,

more rea y and complete combustion thereof in the furnace.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawin s the burner, or nozzle, is attached to a iue SllPa ply p pe 1 by a connecting member 2 of standard form, which is attached to the nozzle casing 3 by a standard union construction comprising an internally threaded member a having an internal flange 5 adapted to engage an external flange 6 on the union member 2. When the member 4 is turned down on the threaded end of the casing 3 the flan e 5 draws the flange 6 inward to- Wards t e end of the casing 3, as is obvious. This is a well known pipe union arrangement.

A supply pipe 7 is threaded laterally into the casin 3 and is adapted to supply gaseous terior flange 9 at its rear end. This flange is adapted to seat in an annular cut-out portion at the base of the casing 3, and is clamped therein by contact of the .union member 2, which has a corresponding cutout portion at its forward end adapted to fit over the flange 9, all as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. Consequently, when the outer sleeve member 4: of the union is turned down, the flange 9 or the central member 8 is clamped between the base of the sleeve 3 and the forward end of the member 2, and held rigidly in position.

The central member 8 has an axial bore 10 extending therethrough. This bore connects with the central bore through the member 2 and consequently with the supply pipe 1, and at its forward end opens at the top of the burner or nozzle. v

The central opening in the sleeve member 3 is slightly larger than the exterior diameter of the core member 8, so that there is a circular passage or chamber 11, surrounding the central member 8 and extending to the tip of the burner. This chamber is entirely closed at the rear of the burner by the clamping of the flange 9 against the base of the casing 3, as will be obvious. At the forward end of the burner the casing member 3 has its central bore restricted by a taered shoulder 12, which extends inward uniormly, leaving onl a very slight circular passage 13 surroun ing the tip of the central core member 8, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Near the forward end of the burner, and just inside the shoulder 12, the core member 8 has a series of spirall arran ed threads or flanges 14 on its perip cry, an extending outward to contact with the inner wall of the casing 3. Ordinarily these flanges are made by leaving a collar on the exterior wall of the core member 8, and then cutting out spiral channels in this collar. But the method of formation of the raised spiral flanges 14: is unimportant and they may be provided by a separate member or otherwise, as will be evident. lhe essential thing is to have spiral passages 15 formed in the chamber 11. It will be observed that these flanges 14: are situated a short distance behmd the restrictin annular col- I lar 12, and the annular out et opening 13,

at the tip of the burner or nozzle. While the pitch of these flanges, their extents, and the space between their ends and the outer end of the burner may vary in burners of diflerent sizes and for difl'erent uses, the relative proportions are preferably preserved substantially as shown in the drawin s.

llhe operation of this device is as follows:

It will be understood that the pipe 1 leads to some source of fuel supply, as for example an oil tank positioned slightly above the burner, whereby to providea head of oil sufiicient to cause it to flow through the pipe 4 and bore 10 of the burner core. 'Suitable valves and pressure mechanism will be provided so that the flow of'fuel can be accurately regulated, and turned 0E.

and on as desired.

The pipe 7 is preferably connected to generated, in which case air may be used exclusively.

With a supply of oil furnished through the pipe 1 and flowing through the bore 10 and naraeve out of the tip of the nozzle, steam or air under pressure is admitted to thepipe 7 and consequently passes through the annular chamber 11, through the spiral passages 15, and out of the circular opening 12, which surrounds the outlet 10 of the fuel.

As the gas under pressure is forced through the spiral passages 15, and thence through the narrow outlet 13, it is given a whirlmg centrifugal action, and that action, resulting in a vortex of whirlin as surrounding the outlet of the liquid fuel, results in the withdrawal of the fuel from the bore 10 by vacuum or suction action, the breaking up of the fuel, and the carrying it forward and sup lying of it to the furnace in a thorough y atomized condition, most suitable for combustion.

The burner, when properly fed, will produce a real fog-like mist which is thrown to all parts of the combustion chamber, and will produce an intense heat and complete combustion.

I claim:

1. A burner for liquid fuels com rising a hollow imperforate core member a apted to carry fuel to the tip of the burner, a concentric sleeve surrounding the core and coextensive therewith, a restrictin member positioned between the core and s eeve near the tip of the nozzle, the wall of the sleeve being thickened adjacent its outer extremity to form a second restricting member spaced slightly away from the first and forming a chamber therebetween, the second restricting member limiting the outlet of the chamber to a narrow annular slit of cylindrical shape surrounding the tip of the fuel-ca ing core, both the bore of the core and t c said cylindrical annular slit terminating in the same plane.

2. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a hollow sleeve member and a concentric core member positioned inside the sleeve, the core member having a bore therethrough adapted to carry fuel directly to the ti of the burner, the internal diameter of the s eeve being larger than the external diameter of the core whereby to form a continuous annular passage around the core, an internal flange at the tip of the sleeve restricting said passage around the outer end of the core to a narrow c lindrical slit, a series of s irally shaped danges on the core inside 51s said restricting flange of the sleeve and spaced slightly therefrom, the discharge ends of both the bore of the core and the said cylindrical slit terminating in the same plane, and an inlet to the said chamber around the core whereby to supply a gas under pressure.

3. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a core member having a longitudinal bore therethrough, a co-extensive sleeve member positioned about the core and forming an ma am annular chamber between the core and sleeve, means restrictin the size of the said annular chamber at t e extreme forward end of the nozzle to form a narrow cylindrical outlet port around the core and from the said annular chamber, the discharge ends of both said bore and the said cylindrical outlet port terminating in the same plane means positioned in the chamber spaced slightly from the said outlet port whereby to give gaseous fluid passing through the chamber a-swirling motion before entering the said outlet port, and connections to supply a liquid fuel to said bore and a gaseous fluid under pressure to the said annular chamber.

4. A liquid fuel burner nozzle comprising a hollow cylindrical casing having its bore restricted adjacent its outer end and enlarged at its inner end, a cylindrical core provided with an axial duct extending completely therethrough and having flange at one extremity neatly ttin within the enlarged bore of the casing an an exan annular I ternally spirally grooved collar adjacent its opposite extremity snugly fitting the bore of the casing, the annular flange and collar cooperating with the casing to center the core with respect to the bore thereof and provide an annular chamber therebetween, locking means for preventing relative longitudinal. movement between the core and casing, the space between the restricted outer bore of the casing and the exterior of the core forming a narrow annular outlet passage from the chamber, the discharge ends of both said passage and the said axial duct terminating in the same plane, means for supplying a gas under pressure to the annular chamber, and said locking means being recessed to provide a passage registering witli the said axial duct for supplying liquid fuel thereto.

In testimony whereof, I sign my name.

WILLIAM T. ADOLPHSEN. Witness:

EDWIN 0. dorms.

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