US1467398A - Process of coating - Google Patents
Process of coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1467398A US1467398A US367086A US36708620A US1467398A US 1467398 A US1467398 A US 1467398A US 367086 A US367086 A US 367086A US 36708620 A US36708620 A US 36708620A US 1467398 A US1467398 A US 1467398A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- bath
- dipping
- hydroxide
- alkaline earth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000543381 Cliftonia monophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
Definitions
- EABZLE E. SCHUMACHER, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR '.l0 WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, 013 NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF" ⁇ NEW xoax.
- This invention relates to electron dlscharge devices and pertains especially to the manufacture of thermionic cathodes therefor.
- the object of this invention is'a processv of coating alkaline earthoxides on a core of oxidi'zable metal.
- This invention pr' vides for a coating of base metal cores wih thermionic material without an appreciable oxidation of the core.
- the process of coating comprises the preparation of a'molten bath of an alkaline earth compound or a mixture of alkaline earth compounds at a moderate temperature
- a bath-of molten barium hydroxide or a mixture of barium hydroxide with strontium or a calcium hydroxide is prepared by mixing one or more of these substances in'suitable quan- .tities in a vesseland heating the same to a temperature from about/450 to 750, degrees centigrade.
- the substances have become melte in their water of crystallization and the material to be coated 40 is then merely dipped into this bath whereupon a firmly adherent coating is formed on the surface of the metal.
- base metals may be coated with a firm coating in the absence of air without the necessity of any electrolyt ic action.
- a small amonnt'of oxidation of the'core is desirable in a 'di-pping process in that it imparts a rou h surface to the metal to which the-alk: in'e earth oxides will adhere more firmly.
- This partial oxidation may be brought about by either of two'methods: the
- filament may be oxidized by a previous heating in the air or, the bath may be heated up to a temperature sufliciently high such as 600cent1grade so that it becomes an oxi- 5 dizing 'medium in itself due to the formationof a certain amount of barium eroxide.
- thermionically active filaments havc'been made of cores of iron, tungsten, molybdenum, carbon and alloys of chromium or tantalum with various combi' nations of the other metals.
- a process of coating which comprises heating a quantity of alkaline earth hydroxide in a ,vessel to a temperature where it be comes melted in its water of crystallization so and then dipping the material to be coated in the bath.
- a process of coating which comprises heating abath of barium hydroxide to a temperature from about, 450 to 750 centi- 85.
- a process of coating which comprises dipping an electrode to be coated in a molten bath of alkaline earth hydroxide.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 11, 1923..
EABZLE E. SCHUMACHER, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR '.l0 WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, 013 NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF" \NEW xoax.
PROCESS OF COATING .80 Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be itknown. that I, EARLE E. SCHU- tain new and useful Improvements in Processes. of Coatingyof which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.
i This invention relates to electron dlscharge devices and pertains especially to the manufacture of thermionic cathodes therefor.
The object of this invention is'a processv of coating alkaline earthoxides on a core of oxidi'zable metal. P
This invention pr' vides for a coating of base metal cores wih thermionic material without an appreciable oxidation of the core.
The process of coating comprises the preparation of a'molten bath of an alkaline earth compound or a mixture of alkaline earth compounds at a moderate temperature, and
the dipping of the material to an instant in this bath. The coatin is thus applied to the core in the absence 0 air and the oxidation of the surface of the core is prevented. .WVhen the coating is heated it breaks down into the alkaline earth oxides which are highly active thermionically.
In the preferred form of the invention a bath-of molten barium hydroxide or a mixture of barium hydroxide with strontium or a calcium hydroxide is prepared by mixing one or more of these substances in'suitable quan- .tities in a vesseland heating the same to a temperature from about/450 to 750, degrees centigrade. At this term erature the substances have become melte in their water of crystallization and the material to be coated 40 is then merely dipped into this bath whereupon a firmly adherent coating is formed on the surface of the metal. It is found that,
by this particular process, base metals may be coated with a firm coating in the absence of air without the necessity of any electrolyt ic action.
In this method of dipping the filament in a bath of -molten hydroxide, it is probable that a very. small and negligible amount of the stable-compounds above mentioned are formed; yet, since the filament isnot heated in the air, there is a large excess of uncombined alkaline earth oxides present in the e coated for Application filed niarch 19, 1920. Serial No. 367,086.
coat and it'is to these uncombined oxides that the filament owes its activity.
A small amonnt'of oxidation of the'core is desirable in a 'di-pping process in that it imparts a rou h surface to the metal to which the-alk: in'e earth oxides will adhere more firmly. This partial oxidation may be brought about by either of two'methods: the
filament may be oxidized by a previous heating in the air or, the bath may be heated up to a temperature sufliciently high such as 600cent1grade so that it becomes an oxi- 5 dizing 'medium in itself due to the formationof a certain amount of barium eroxide.
By the above process thermionically active filaments havc'been made of cores of iron, tungsten, molybdenum, carbon and alloys of chromium or tantalum with various combi' nations of the other metals.
What isclaimed isz r 1.-A process of coating which com rises dipping a base metal core to be coate in a molten bath of alkaline earth hydroxide.
* 2. A process of coating which comprises heating a quantity of alkaline earth hydroxide in a ,vessel to a temperature where it be comes melted in its water of crystallization so and then dipping the material to be coated in the bath.
. 3. A process of coating which comprises heating abath of barium hydroxide to a temperature from about, 450 to 750 centi- 85.
rade and then dipping a base metal core 1nto the bath.
4. .A process of coating which comprises. heating a mixture ofalkaline earth hydroxides to a temperature from about 450,to 750 centigrade and then dipping a base metal core into the bath.
5. A process of coating which comprises dipping an electrode to be coated in a molten bath of alkaline earth hydroxide. I 6. Aprocess of coating which comprises dipping a filament to be coated in a molten bath of alkaline earth hydroxide.
7. 'A process of coatin which comprises heating an alkaline eart hydroxide to a we term erature from about 450 to 750 centi gra e and then dipping a base metal electrode therein.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe myname this 10th day of March, A. D. 1920.
EARLE'E. SGHUMACI-IER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367086A US1467398A (en) | 1920-03-19 | 1920-03-19 | Process of coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367086A US1467398A (en) | 1920-03-19 | 1920-03-19 | Process of coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1467398A true US1467398A (en) | 1923-09-11 |
Family
ID=23445877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367086A Expired - Lifetime US1467398A (en) | 1920-03-19 | 1920-03-19 | Process of coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1467398A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2479979A (en) * | 1945-07-25 | 1949-08-23 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Processes for treating ferrous metals before drawing through dies |
| US2485061A (en) * | 1946-03-08 | 1949-10-18 | Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp | Method of protecting metallic surfaces |
| US2677623A (en) * | 1949-10-27 | 1954-05-04 | Ets Claude Paz & Silva | Process for manufacturing electron emissive material and electrodes |
| US2847321A (en) * | 1945-03-16 | 1958-08-12 | Lowell D Eubank | Metal surface treatment |
-
1920
- 1920-03-19 US US367086A patent/US1467398A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2847321A (en) * | 1945-03-16 | 1958-08-12 | Lowell D Eubank | Metal surface treatment |
| US2479979A (en) * | 1945-07-25 | 1949-08-23 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Processes for treating ferrous metals before drawing through dies |
| US2485061A (en) * | 1946-03-08 | 1949-10-18 | Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp | Method of protecting metallic surfaces |
| US2677623A (en) * | 1949-10-27 | 1954-05-04 | Ets Claude Paz & Silva | Process for manufacturing electron emissive material and electrodes |
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