US1456022A - Desiccating and incinerating range - Google Patents

Description

May 22, 1.923. 1,456,022

N. M. HOPKINS DESICCATING AND INCINERA'IAING RANGE Filed May 25. 1921 2 SheetS-Sheet l May 22, 1923.

N.r M. HOPKINS DESICCATING AND INCINERATING RANGE 2 sheds-sheet 2 Filed May 25. 1921 INVENTOR Patented May 22, i923. i9 in r raar NEVIL MONROE HOPKINS, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

DESICCATING AND INCINEBATING RANGE.

Application filed May 25, 1921. Serial No. 472,563.

T 0 all to hom t may concern Be it known that I, NnvrL Mormon HoriiINs, citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Desiccating and lncinerating Ranges, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my present invention is to provide a quick and economical method of drying and burning table refuse, using waste thermal units for the desiccating, before chemical fermentation sets in forming garbage. In the present invention l' am incorporating with a combination range or cook stove scientific means for evaporating olf the water content 0f table refuse by employing the thermal units from a coal, gas or electric equipment, or the thermal units from a combination of two or more of such heating equipments which would otherwise pass up the chimney after they had served their purpose in the process of cooking.

Table refuse both before and after fermentation sets in, requires many thermal units to convert the water content into steam, because of the well known and eX- ceedingly high latent heat of steam, and it is also well known that a cook stove, range or furnace is exceedingly wasteful in thermal units because of the large volumes of hot gases which pass up the chimney.

Thereas the following illustrations depict one design of range or cook stove, it is obvious that this principle may be equally well applied to other designs or to stores other than cook stoves or to furnaces.

Although l am aware of the fact that efforts have been made to utilize such waste heat units in the art, they have been confined to old style ranges and improperly attempted without due understanding of the difficult problem involved. Table refuse both before and after fermentation is not only diiiicult to dry out but t0 incinerate, because it packs and prevents a desiccating draft from passing through and between all of the particles of the mass, and likewise resists burning gases, which fail to pass freely through the close interstices of the material. y y

For successful operation l find it necessary eXcept where mechanical draft, forced or induced circulation by vacuum of heated gases 'is resorted to, to distribute the material to be desiccated over a considerable area and in contact with liberal surfaces of heated metal in order that it may be quickly dried through presenting a large number of contacts withfthe source ofv heat when the shrinkage which ta ies place provides passageway for incinerating flames. Or if the refuse is closely compacted, itis necesto provide a double path for flue gases both through and around the mass toy be desiccated in order that initial drying and subsequent shrinkage may take place thereby opening up routes for iame action. lt is also essential vto so design and construct the desiccating chamberthaty incineration also may take placetherein without driving out smoke or gases into the room.

The accompanying vdrawings represent one form of construction of a combination range or cook stove, with a desiccating compar `ment for receiving table refuse, and combining the described essential features. This range is constructed for cooking with gas, electricity, wood, coal or with any combination of these methods, and is so constructed that the thermal units liberated from the gas section, from the electric section, or from the wood or coal burning section, pass into the desiccating chamber both through and around the table refuse, which by nature of the design and construction, remains greatly spread out and in contact with large surfaces of metal, making it easy to dry, and without impairing a natural draft, or draft resulting from heated and consequently expanded gas columns and consequent effective gravity action on cooler intake air. The gases then pass through the interstices of the shrunken material and then around a baille plate, up the stove pipe, and into the stack or chimney of the building, where the equipment is installed.

Being so constructed the table refuse' is quickly dried out, shrunken and crisp, and it only remains to allow the highly combustible material to slide down into the wood and coal burning or combustion chamber, where the tinder like material is'easily ignited. The combustion may also be made', in such a general design as shown, to take place within the desiccating chamber itself.

A clear understanding of the details of one design of invention maybe had by reference to the accompanying drawings where Figure l is a top plan view of such a combination equipment, with the doors to the desiccating` compartment. closed and cover plates on the top of the stove.

Figure 2 is a front elevation view.

vFigure 3 is an end elevation view showing a double walled back, constituting the desiccating chamber with amechanical draft member above partly in section.

Figure l is a top plan view of the same device, but Vwith the mechanical dra'lt mechanism and iron cover plates removed, allowing us to loolr down intol the auriliary compartment at the left, the wood and coal burning chamber the center, and the electrical heating aux iary at the right.

Figure 5 is a front View partially in section With the interior ci the i shaped desiccating chamber exposed and containing a peil'ora'ted cast iron cone closing the throat.

Figure 6 is a sectional View ot a portion of the parts shown in Fig. 3 and showing up the interior oi the desiccating chaniber and cone, and Figures l and 8 are details of the perforated cast iron cone through which the thermal unit carrying gases es cape on their way through and around the refuse to the chimney.

lWith further reference to Figures l, 2, 3, il, 5 and 6, the chute doors Which are designed to close air tight, leading into the desiccating chamber', are shown at lO, under the ovens 1l. The doors 12 merely lead into compartments underneath the desiccating compartment for keeping dishes, utensils and their contents Warm, and out of the way of things cooking on the surface of the range. v

The desiccating compartment in the presi ent equipment is formed by the inclined chutes 18 shown in Figure 5. Down these chutes the table re'liuse slides by gravity until it rreaches the cast iron cone ld having the slotted openings l5, and Which is surmounted by a cylindricalcast iron n'iember '16, provided With the vertical slotted openings 1.7. rlhe member l'G is covered by a dome or bell shaped men'ibei.' i8 which is designed to be raised by the rack l) ythro ugh the agency ot the pinion 2() ou the shaiiit 2l. Said shaft is operated through the agency of the hand Wheel 22 shown on the outside oit the desiccating compartment in Figures l, 2, 3, l, and 6. From this con struction it may be seen that a large surface of thematerial to be desiccated and incinerated is exposed to heated metal as Well as to the action of het gases.

A second rack and pinion 23 and in Figure G is mounted upon the same shaft 2l and carries the counter balancing Weight 25. Through the agency of this hand Wheel on the outside ot the desiccating chamber, the iron dome or bell shaped member may be raised and lowered, uncovering` more or less ot the vertical slots in the cylinder surmounting the cone shaped member, and by continuing to turn the hand wheel aflter this cast iron dome or bell shaped member has uncovered the itull length of these slots, the cone itselit is lifted from its seat because oit a shoulder 26 shown in Figure 8 in detailed cross section, opening a 'throat-Way into the combustion chamber of the Wood and coal burning compartmento'f the range.

lilith further reference to Figure 4;, the gas section is shown at 28 looking down on a refractory and heat reflecting plate 29, over which play the gas burners 50. The hot gases pass over the refractory member 29, through the opening 5() at the side there-- of into the inciifieratingv chamber 2T (see Figure 6) thence upwardly through. the openings l5 in the cone ld and likewise through the uncovered openings li' in the cylindrical top nicml lo and through and over the spread out table refuse to be desiccated on the chutes 13. Then said gases pass around the ends of the baille plate 3l, Figure 5, and thence up the stove pipe 32. In the center at 2'? is the coal and Wood burning section, the products of combustion from which also pass up 'through the cone lt and the refuse to be desiccated. At the extreme right is the electrical heating" section Where heating Wires 3e are shown horizontally disposed over a refractory plate 33. The air ieated by these conductors when stove lids or utensils are in place likewise passes out through an opening 50 into the chamber 27, through the cone let and the table refuse.

Vf hen the range is used in connection With gas or electricity it may be necessary to employ a mechanical draft, or a special means for circulating the heat carrying gases. Here a tan housing 35 see Figure 3, is shown enclosing` a 'tan 36 actuated by a motor 3'?, and it is obvious from the dran@ ing that the products o't combustion may be bypassed directly up the chimney Without engagement by 'the tan through the turn- `ing o'l the dampers and 259. lt may like wise be seen that the products oit coinbuse tion trom a Wood, coal or colte tire in the wood burning compartn'ient may be made to pass through the slots in the cone, and

through the material to be desiccated, with or Without the use of mechanical draft.

lt is also evident that the natural rdijatt may be varied by uncovering more or less of the vertical slots in the cast iron cone by turning the hand Wheel, or by varying the speed oit the motor in the mechanical draft, and it is obvious that the 'table refuse after desiccating may be either allowed toburn in the desiccating chamber or caused to be burned in the combustion chamber by litting the cone Ytrom its seat.

rllhe construction here shown does its work during a period of time comparable with the time required for ordinary cooking procicc intense ceses. It the material to be dried and burned was not heated both without and within its mass, it would require undue time Yfor the completion of the process.

It is also obvious from the construction that any superfluous moisture or water which may be placed in the desiccating compartment with the table refuse, 'freely passes through the slots in the cone down through the wood and coal burning compartment through the grate e() and into the water pan compartment al.

lifhereas I have shown a construction ilhistrating one scheme for the selective use olf waste heated products of combustion and ot waste heated air adapted to meet the great diiiiculties ofthe problem oi cheaply drying and incinerating compact wet ma terial, with a large inherent occluded water content, Ido .not limit myself to the present design, which may be varied without departing from the principle or spirit oi' the in-r vention. For example l may construct a gas or electric range, or a combination gas and electric range, or a-coinbination of a gas or electric range with a woodand coal, or oil burning range, or any7 combination thereof, and construct a hood over the same adapted to collect and receive heated waste products of combustion, or waste heated air, the same to be forced or drawn by mechania cal means through a desiccating chamber or a combination desiccating and incinerating chamber.

Having describedone form of my invention, and having set forth its principle and advantages of operation, I claim:

l1. In a cook stove, adapted to desiccate garbage, the combination of a lower body portion; an enclosed garbage desiccating chamber above said body portion; a chute for receiving the garbage located in said chamber; a compartment in said chamber below said chute; a member located in said chamber provided with perl'orations through which hot gases may pass into said chamber; and a baiiie disposed in the upper portion of said chamber around which said gases may escape.

2. ln a cook stove adapted to desiccate garbage, the'combination of' a lower body portion; a closed chamber disposed above said body portion; a plurality of inclined chutes adapted to receive garbage disposed in said chambermeans comprising a perfo- 7 rated member for admitting hot gases into said chamber' means to onen and close the pertorations et said member; a baiiie disposed in the upper portion oi"- said chamber around which, said gases may escape; and means to conduct away said hot gases.

3. In a cook stove adapted to desiccate garbage, the combination of a lower .body portion; a closed chamber located above said body portion; a plurality or" inclined chutes adapted to receive garbage disposed in said chamber; means comprising a perforated member for ladmitting hot gases into said chamber; means comprising a rack and pinion to open and close the perforations of said member; a baiiie disposed in the upper portion oi said chamber around which said gases may escape; and means to conduct away said hot gases.

4L. In a cook stove adapted to desiccate and incinerate garbage, the combination of a lower body portion provided with an incinerating chamber; an' inclosed garbage desiccating chamber above said body portion a chute for receiving the garbage located in said desiccating chamber; a memberr located in said desiccatingchamber provided with perforations through which hot gases may pass into said last named chamber, and which normally partially closes an opening between said desiccating andsaid incinerating chambers; and a batiie disposed in the upper portion of said desiccating'chamber around which said gases may escape.

5. In a cook stove adapted to desiccate garbage, the combinationot a lower body portion; a closed chamber disposed above said body portion; a plurality of inclined chutes adapted to receive garbage disposed in said chamber; means comprising a perforated member or admitting hot gases into said chamber; means to open and close the perforations of said member; means to raise said perforated member; a batlie disposed in the upper portion of said chamber around which said gases may escape; and means to conduct away said hot gases.

6. In a cook stove adapted to desiccate and incinerate garbage, thev combination of a lower body portion lcomprising an incinerating chamber; a garbage desiccating chamber above said body portion; a chute for receiving the garbage located in said last named chamber; a passage between said incinerating and said desiccating chambers; a perforated member fitting said passage; means to raise said perforated member out of said passage to permit the desiccated garbage to pass down into said incinerating chamber; means to open and close the periorations of said member; a baille disposed in the upper portion of said `desiccating chamber around which heated gases mayl pass;

and means to conduct away the said heated gases.

Signed atNew York city in the county oiE New York and State of New York this Qltl'i day oiE May A. D. 1921. p NEVIL MONRGE HOPKINS.

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