US1445706A - Electric heater - Google Patents

Description

.Patented Febfzo, 1923.4

UNITED STATES ANTHONY PAPINI, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRICAL"` PATENT oFFlcE-. l

DEVELOPMENT AND MACHINECOMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,-IEIIINNSYLVAII'IA,'A

CORPORATION 0F IDIELAIARIE.y

ELECTRIC HEATER.'

Application led October 15, 1919. Serial No. 330,820.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it -known that I ,ANTHONY PAPINI, a subject of the King of Italy, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadel-v lphia and State of Pennsylvania, have inthe efficiency of the heater.

It is a purpose of4 my invention to provide a heater of maximum eiiiciency by dispensing with the use of a parabolic reflector and employing a reflector Vwhich is so arranged as to completely project all of' the heat waves fromV a heating element at a. predetermined angle with relation to the axis ofthe reflector. Y

It is also a purpose of my invention to prevent th@J escape of heat waves from theJ rearlside of va reflector by providing the same with a vacuum chamber, thus retaining within the reflector that heat which is generally lost and thereby maintaining the re- Hector at a very high temperature' whereby all elementary beams of thermoelight will be projected from the front of the reflector.

It is a further purpose of my invention to provide a plurallty of circuit' brakers for disrupting the circuit of the heating element at a plurality of points, such controllers being operated automatically when the heater occupies an. abnormal position.

I will describe one' form of heater and three forms of circuit controllers, each embodying my invention, and will then lpoint out the novel features thereof in claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a view showing in vertical section one form of heater embodying my invention;

Figure 2 isa sectional view taken line 2 2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional View taken on, the line 3 3 of Figurev 1 Figure f4 ris a detail sectional view of a partof one -of the circuit controllers shown in Figure l1. l

Similar reference characters refer to similarparts in 'each of the several views. I

f Referring specifically to the drawings and particularly to Figure 41, B designates a base lupon which is formed a 'pedestal P.

and both of which are hollow land. formed of any suitable material. Pivoted to the upper end of the pedestal P as at 15, is a U-shaped bracket 16 which is designed to adjustably lsupport the main-body of the heater so as to project the heat waves in any desired direction, it being understood that any suitable on the f means maybe provided for clamping the bracket inany adjusted position. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, an annular frame F' is rigidly supported upon the medial portion of the bracket 16 by a bolt 17. 4Interposed between the frame andthe bracket 16 is a block of insulating material 19 inA which is secured one end of a' conducting bridge The bridge -A comprises parallel strips of metal 22 and 23, one of their endsp'being flattened and secured within the block 19,

while their opposite endsare secured to a' block 19a of insulating material fixed to the frame F at a point diametricallyopposite the block 19. Arranged medially off the bridge A is a cylindrical casing 24 formed of insulating material.

The outer end of the casing 24 is closed by a wall 24a, and j extending through such wall is one end of a bolt 26 which is arranged within the cas! ing 24 with its' opposite end passing betwelenf the strips 22 and 23 and secured to :the

bridge A by a plate 20. Surrounding the casingV 24 isa heating element D which, in thev present instance, comprises .a coil of resistance wire 25 having the opposite end thereof connected to the portions 22 and 23, respectively of the bridge A.

The casing 24 beingdisposed medially of the bridge A is consequently axially of the frame F. Secured t0 the frame F is a` frusto-conical reflector R formed of any suitable material as polished copper, and, as

shown in Figure l, its axis coincides with the airis of the casing 24. rllhe inner face of -the reflector D is substantially at an angle of 45 with respect to its axis so that the thermo-light waves emanating` from the heating element. are projected onto the surface olf the reflector at such Aan angle that they'will be deflected on lines parallel to the reflectors'axis. For example, the elementary beams indicated by the lines 1, 2, and 3 in Figure l, are projected onto,the surface of the reflector R in a. direction perpendicular to the axis of the heating clement .D and from the reliectors surface they are reflected forward in waves which are paral.A

lel to each other and to the axis of the ref ilector.

Should it be des-ired to project the thermolight waves invsuch manner as to effect a. concentration of the same, reflecting surface of thereflector will be arranged at an angle of less than 45O with relation to its axis,

@n the other hand should adiffusion of the stitutes the front wall `of a vacuum chamberl reflecting surface.

vspherical cup S.

waves be desired a reflecting surface of the reflector is made to occupy an angle greater than 45 with relation to the axis of the reflector, but preferably not greater than 550.

` .4s shown in Figure l, thereflector 'R con- K,.the rea-r wall being formed by a' semi- A vacuum is obtained within the chamber K by withdrawing the air through a nozzle 30 and then closing such nozzle by means of a valve 31. Vllith thc chamber K under vacuum it will be obvious that the radiation of heat to the rear of the reflector R is prevented so that all of the heat waves emanating from the heating element D are projected to the front of the reflector. This of course materially increases the normal temperature of the reflector so that the elementary thermo-light beams are more readily projected.

The reflector R and cup S are removably associated with the frame F so as' to permitready cleaning or upolishing of the formers To this end the 'iframe F is provided at suitable points with spring clips 27 which are secured to the rear side olf the frame by bolts 29. These clips 2T engage a flange s formed on the cup S land thus securely reta-in the reflector and cup in proper position upon the frame.

The frame F having connection with and supported by the bracket 16 upon the pedestal P may be regarded as a. mount for the bridge A and the heating, element carried thereby, the reliector R and the cup S. l

' To maintain the heating element D at a safe distanceat all times frominfiammable objectslprovide aguard G which is suitably secured to the frame F and comprises a `single length of wire bent in the form of a.

helix and supported in semi-spherical posience also supported by the frame F, and are preferably connected at the points of intersection with the convolutions of the guard tif by welding or suitable forms of metallic clips (not shown). p

As shown in Figure l, current is supplied to theresistance coil 24 of the heating element l) by conductors C and C' which are connected to a suitable source of current (not shown), at one of their ends, while their opposite ends are'connected to the portions 22 and 23 respectively of the bridge A. To control the supply ofcurrent tothe coil 24 to effect a disrupting thereof when the heater is overturned, l provide circuit controllers T, T and Tt A s shown in Figure l the circuit controller Tcomprisesj a pendulum 33 arranged within the pedestal P and pivotally' connected at its upper end, as at 34. The lower or weighted end of the pendulum 33 is provided with 'a pocket 35 which slidably re'- ceives a plunger 36. 'The plunger 36 is provided with a groove 346a in which works a pin 37 mounted within the pendulum and arranged to allow limited longitudinal movement of the pinv but to prevent circumferential movement thereof. The plunger 36 normally occupies the position shown in Figure l by virtue of a spring`38, the lower end of the plunger being provided with a pair of 95 rigidly connectedcontact lingers 39 which are pivotally connected to the plunger, as at 40. The detail construction of this connection is clearly shown in Figure 4. Arranged `within the pedestal l) is a plate 41 formed of 100 insulating material, suoli plate being supported in horizontal position by means of a screw .42. Arranged upon the upper surface of the plate 4l is a -block 43 formed of insulating material and having its upper surface 105 concaved as at 43a. The body of the block 43 is formed with suitable openings to receive contact points 44 and 45 which are connected to screws 46 which extend through the plate 4l and serve to secure the block 43 in proper 110 position. The contacts 44 and 45 constitute the terminals of two sectional wires 47 and 48, which latter constitute the conductor C. As shown in Figure l, the contact fingers 39 are adapted to move horizontally over the 115 concave surface 43il of the block 43 and in the normal position of the pendulum 33, the fingers 39 bridge the contact points 44 and 45 'thus completing one side of the circuit orthe heatingelement-D. This circuit con-r 120.

troller T completes one side ofthe circuit for the element D so long as the pedestal P occupies a vertical position. However, as soon as the pedestal P occupies any other position other than a truly vertical one` the pendulum |25'v virtue of this operation, should the heater be accidentally' knocked overso as to cause the pedestal P to occupy an inclined -posi-k tion, the circuit controller T will automatically disrupt tlie circuit and thus discontinue the'supply of current to vthe heating element.

, As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the circuit controller T comprises a concaved .disc 49 secured in horizontal position within the base B by a screw 50. This disc '49 is formed i As shown in Figure -1. the sections 51 and 52 support a contact bridging member 56, which in the present instance comprises a ball formed of conducting material. It will suffice to say for the present that-.in the normal-position of the pedestal 'P the ball 56 bridges the contacts 51 and 52, but should the pedestal occupy any position other than the vertical position,l the 'ball will roll so as to disconnect the sections 51 and 52 thus opening the circuit controller. y

The circuit controller T2. comprises -a spring contact arm 57 which isl connected to .the marginal edge of the disc 49 by a screw 58, and to this .same screw is connected 'a sectional conductor 59- which constitutes the.

through the opening 61 thus causing the contact farm 57 to moveyinto engagement with the-member 53 and completing the following circuit: conductor 59. screw 58, contact arm l57 ,member 53. terminal contact 51, ball 56,

terminal contact 53, screw 5,4, arid conductor 55 to the source of. current. This circuit is completed so long as the' pedestal is vresting u on a flat surface andv in a vertical position.

owever, as soon as the pedestal is lifted or overturned the block 60 'is allowed to move outwardly through-the opening 61 under the` biasing action of the spring arm 57, as shown' position of thearm 57, it-s free end moves out of engagement with the member thereby disrupting the circuit just described.

It will be understood that the ball 56 controls the same side of the circuit vas the circuit controller T2 and therefore a detail descriptionof this circuit is thought to be unnecessary. y y I Ffroin the 'foregoing description of the circuit controllers, it Willbe evident that should the pedestal P be overturned or caused to occupyiany position other Ithan the vertical position, thev circuit'through the heating element D will be disrupted in three separate. and. distinct points. thus insuringdiscontinuance of' the supply of currentto the heating element, and thereby preventing any possibilityof fire should the heater be accidentally overturned.

Although T. have herein shown and described only one foi-m ofthe heater and three formsof circuit controllers, it is to be un-v derstood that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what. I claim is: l

1. An electric heater comprising a conical lreflector, a vacuum chamberv in the rear of the reflector, and a heating element in the front of the reflector and disposedaxially of thela'tter. 2., A reflector for electric heaters comprising a conical member, and a spherical inember disposed in the rear of and in spaced relation to the conical vacuum chamber.

3.A A reflector for electric heaters comprising walls hermetically connected at their member to provide a edges and spaced apart intermedia-te their edges to provide a Vchamber from which the air is adapted to be withdrawn. y

4. An electric heater comprising, a reflector, a heating element at one side of the reflector, and a vacuum chamber at the other side of the reflector. y

- 5. An electric heater comprising, 'a conical reflector, a` bridge spanning the reflector, and

a heating element supported axially within the, reflector by said bridge.

6. An electric heater comprising, a conical reflector, a bridge spanningthe Iopen end of the reflector, a heating coil supported within the reflector by said bridge so that the axes of the "reflector and -coil coincide, and afcircuit including both coil and bridge.- v

V7. An electric heater comprising, a pedestal,'a frame pivotally mounted on the pedestal, a reflector .secured to the frame', a bridge on the fra-me, and a heating element supported within the reflector- 8. An'electric heater comprising, rha ped.

. 6.5l in dash lines in Figure 1. lIn the expanded estal, a frame pivotally mounted on the pedon the bridge and disposed axially l estal, a reflector secured to the frame', a guard, supported on the frame, a conducting bridge on the frame and spanning one end heating element supported on the bridge and disposed Within extending axially into therelector.

10. An electric heater comprising, a pedestal, a frame, a bracket secured to the Vframe and pivotally supported on' the pedestal, means for lockingthebracket in adjusted position upon the pedestal, a reflector detachably secured tothe frame, a conducting bridge carried bythe fra-ine, and aheating element supported on the bridge and'fextending into the reflector.

11. An electric heater comprising, a truste-conical reflector, thev inner face of which is disposed at an 'angle not less than o and not more than 550 with respect to the axis of the reflector, and a heating .element disposed axially Within the reflector.

12. An velectric heater comprising, a rellector, av bridge spanning the reflector, a heatingelement supported by the bridge and the reflector, and a guard comprising la single length of Wire bent in the form of a heliX.

13. An electric.v heater, comprising a frusto-conical rellector,the` inner face of the reflector being disposed at an anglebf 15 degrees with respect to its axis, and a heating element disposed axially of the reflector.

maat/oe 14C. An electricV heater comprising a 're- Hector, a bridge spanning the reflectorya/ extending rearwardly Within the reflector and jo-axially thereof.

' 16.111 an electric heater, a reflector, a heating element therefor, a bridge support "for the heating element extending transversely ofthe reflector, and a mount for the reflector and bridge, the said mount -bei'ng common to the said reflector and bridge and supporting them independently,A of eachv other.

17. In an electric heater, a reflector havinga forwardly facing'concaved surface in combination with a heating element,` and means in front of said reflector for supporting the said element in front and independently of said reflector.

18. In an electric heater, a reflector, supporting means therefor, a heating element supported in front of the reflector, and conductors feeding the said heating element from the front endof the said element.

19. In an electric heater, a reflector, means for sup-porting the reflector,ra heating element mounted in front, of the reflector, and

electrical connections for said heating element extending from the side, crossing to the heating element in front of the reflector, 'and connected to the heating element.

' ANTHONY PAPINI.

Images