US1445128A - Flying machine - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 13, 1923.. 1,115,128

W. L. BUSWELL FLYING MACHINE Filed July 9, 1920 10 sheets-sheet 2 Feb. 13, 1923,y A 11,445,128l

W. L. BUSWELL FLYING MACHINE Filed J`u1y 9, 1920 1o sheetssheet 5 4 TTORNEYS Feb. 13, QZS.

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WQ 1 BUSWELL FLYING MACHINE 1o sheets-she't 6 Filed July 9, 1920 Feb. E3, 1923, AQSZS W. L. BUSWELL.

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FLYING MACHINE Filed July 9, 1920 1.0 Sheets-Sheet 8 WITNESS/5S' (kv /w'fw/ Feb. 13, 1923. 1,445,128

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WILLIAM LOUIS BUSWELL, F AMARILLO, TEXAS.

FLYING MACHNE.

Application' filed July 9, 1920. Serial No. 395,996.

To all whom it, 'may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM LoUIs BuswnLL, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Amarillo, in the county of' Potter and State of Texas, have invented a new and Improved Flying Machine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

ln connection with aeroplanes, it is a well l0 appreciated fact that much has been left mentum to permit of the plane rising vfromy the ground.

A further defect in this connection, has 4been that the proposed devices have, for the most part, relied upon a screw propeller for their tractive force, and it has been impossible for the operator to revolve the propeller with suiiicien't energy to produce a pull equal to overcome the inertia, and to permit the acquisition of sufficient momentum to allow the machine to rise from the ground.

ln aeroplanes, general banking has been controlled by ailerons, which are often sluggish in response, aside from the fact that a great strain is placed upon the wings in twisting the same out of its normal plane by means of the ailerons.

The same might be said with respect to the elevating rudders, as applied to the tail Vof an airplane, in that these members serve to raise or lower the entire rear end of the fuselage.

It will be appreciated that the most ideal type of aeroplane will be one which would,

as nearly as possible, simulate the action of a bird, i. e. one in which the wings, considering that a right bank is intended, would be positionedv so that the left wing is depressed and the right wing elevated..l

Also it is well known that birds when desiring to incline or decline their flight, utilize the entire tail for this purpose, varying the angle of the vsame with respect to the body.

Further, the wings, instead of being rigid with respect to the body, as is the case in presentv day aeroplanes, move downwardly and rearwardly to give a forward push, and being subsequently inclined upwardly and moved forwardly.

Having the defects of a manually operated aeroplane in mind, l have constructed a heavier than air machine, by means of which it will be possible for an operator to operate the same entirely independent of a mechanical device unit, although this may be resorted to if this action is desired.

An object of my invention, is the construction of an aeroplane which shall be propelled by bodily moving the wings to i duplicate as nearly as possible, the wing action of a bird.

A further object of my invention is the construction of a device of this nature in which the angle of the wings may be varied, so that the inertia of a machine may be overcome, and sufficientmomentum may be acquired prior to the inclination of the wings, to permit of a ready taking off.v

A still further object of my invention is the construction of an aeroplane, in which the wings may be moved out of a horizontal plane so as to elfect -a natural banking' without the strains incident to the use of ailerons.

Another object of my invention is the con- I struction of a heavier than air machine in whichv the action produced by the elevators of a conventional machine will be duplicated by means of which a more ready response of the machine will be effected, by virture of the fact that the entire rear portion of the fuselage or tail is capable of .moving in the manner of abird in'flight,

parts taken along the lines 6 6 of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a front view of the device as shown in Figures 4 to 6.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the machine showing the action of the parts while in Hight.

Figures 9 and 10 are side and plan views respectively of the controlling mechanism for the elevating parts of the machine.

, Figure 11 is a perspective View of certain of the wing operating mechanism.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the parts as illustrated in Figure 11 and showing a wing applied thereto.

Figure 13 is an enlarged sectional view of a certain detail of the mechanism permittin a moving of the wings.

igure 14 is a sectional view taken through a wing.

Figure 15 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 15-15 of F igure`14.

Figure lfillustrates a detail ofthe tail moving mechanism.

Figure 17 is a perspective view of a certain type of bracket utilized as a part of the frame for the landing gear, and

Figure 18 illustrates in detail, the mechanism permitting of a variation of the angle of the wings. i

Referring now more particularly to Figure 1, it will be seen that the reference numeral 20 designates a fuselage of any desirable type, which has a landing gear, preferably including three wheels. 21, twov of these being positioned adjacent the forward end of the fuselage, and a third one being preferably associated to the rear end thereof, for a', purpose hereinafter more fully specified. Attached to the fuselage are wings 22` and a tail 23, the action of which will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 8 which illustrates the action of the wings, it will be seen that it is my intention to providel a downward and rearward., 'upward and forward motion to the wings, with a view of simulating the action of a bird. To now effect this motion, a pair 'of arms 24 are provided, which arms extend beyond the fuselage to any desired length. The forward arm has associated with its outer end, one part 25 of a hinge.

toggle is now provided. which toggle conveniently includes a pair of links 26 having their inner ends pivotally connected together, asat 27, which toggle is pivotally mounted adjacent one of the outer ends of said links to the rear-most arm 24, as has been indicated at 28. The. opposite end of the toggle, i. e. the outer end of the opposite link, is p ivotally secured, as at 29, adjacent the rear and inner edge of the main Wing portion, hereinafter more fully specified. this wing ortion being provided adjacent its forward) and inner edges with a hinged nasales part 30 adapted to co-operate with the hinged portion 25 to provide pivotalconnection between the arm 24 andthe wing.

It will be understood that a breaking and opening of the toggle comprising the links 26 will result in a movement on the main orl outer portion of the wing 22, through the arcindicated in dotted lines in Figure l.

To now permit the wings to oscillate in a vertical plane, it will now be noted that the inner ends of the arms 24 are aiiixed to a bar 31, which bar is journaled as at32 in Figure 4` so that the same is capable of oscillation, which oscillation will result in an oscillation on the part of the wingsv 22 through the arc indicated in Figure 2.

N ow with a view of having means which will serve to actuate the bar 31. to cause the result desired and which will permit of the movement in a horizontal plane illustrated in Figure 1, a framework 33 is provided, which framework may conveniently be rectangular in construction, the journals 32 being secured thereto, as has been clearly shown in Figure 4.

Reference is now had to Figures 3, 4 and 5, and it will be seen, referring to the former, that the landing gears aforedescribed, conveniently includes a rear wheel 21, which may be driven in the manner of an ordinary tricycle, by means of a sprocket chain transmission 34 This transmission further includes a sprocket chain which is adapted to mesh with a sprocket 35 rigidly secured to A a shaft 3G, rotatably mounted within the frame ,33, which shaft is provided adjacent its end portions with cranks 3T, so that an operation of the transmission 34 will result in a rotation of these cranks.

AThe cranks 37 have pitmans 38 associated with their outer ends, the opposite end-of the pitmans being pivot-ally secured, as at 39, to one end of bars 40, which latter have their opposite ends fixed to a shaft 41 mounting gears 42. of any suitable type .meshing with the gears 43 forming a part of the shaft 31.

Conveniently secured to the end of the frame 33 are pairs of Aarms 44 which latter have cables 45 associated with them the end ofrone of said cables being secured adjacent the point of pivotal connection 29 of the toggle, to the main portion of the wing, the end of the second cable being secured to the point of pivotal connection 27 ofthe links 2G.

Thus it will be obvious, that an operation of the transmission 34 will result in an oscillation of the bars 40, causing a consequential rocking of the shafts 31, and a movement bodily ofthe wings in a plane indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2. This motion will naturally result in tension being exerted upon either of the cables 45, which latter pass over the grooved bearing member 46 illustrated in Figure 13, which is conveniently swingingly mounted, as at 47 upon the shaft 31, this tensioning resulting. in an alternate breaking and opening of the toggle upon the wings being swung downward, and upwardly respectively, thus causing the movement illustrated in Figure 2.

It will be4 obvious that this comb-ined movement will result in the wings moving bodily through the circle indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1, i. e. rearward and downwardly, and forward and upwardly, thus simulating the motion of a birds wings.

ln this connection it is to be noted, reference being had to Figures 14 and 15, that v the. wings preferably include a hollow framework conveniently comprising pairs of spaced transverse braces 48 held in this position by interposed brackets 49, which wings'are covered with any suitable material. y

With a view now of providing means which will permit the angle of incidence of the wings to be varied so that sufficient momentum may be acquiredvto permit taking off from the ground, a sub-framework 50 is provided, which sub-framework incidentally. forms a bearing for the shaft 36.

Secured to this latter framework, is a gear 51, which, by means of a crank handle 52, serves to rotate an enlarged gear 53, to which is secured an arm 54 having in turn one end of a link 55 pivotally associated with it, as at'56, the opposite end of said link being pivotally secured, as at 57 to an extension 58 of an arm 59 pivotally se? cured as at 60 to the subframe 50.

Swingingly secured as at 61 to the outer end of the arm 59 is a further link 62, which is associated with the frame 33. Thus, upon the crank 52 being rotated, a movement bodily on the-part of the frame 33 with respect to the sub-frame 50 will result throughthe arc indicated in dotted lines in Figure 18, this action being caused by virtue of the fact that the' subframe 50 is hingedly secured as at 63 in Fi ure 4 to the frame 33.

It will be obvious rom the foregoing that the parts upon starting may lie in the position indicated in full lines in Figure 18, and that after suflicient momentum has been acquired by the actuation ofthe transmission 34 resulting in a 4driving of the wheel 21, that a crank `52 may be turned so that sufficient inclination of the wings is secured, which will result in a rising of the machine from the ground by virtue of the fact that the wings will have beenmoving in the manner aforedescribed during the operation of the transmission 34.

With a view now of providing means' which will' permit of a banking of the machine, attentionis more particularly invited to Figures 4 and 7, and it will be Seen upon an extension of the parts illustrated in these figures that the frame 33 also carries the control wheel 64, which latter serves to actuate a shaft 65, carryinga worm 66, in turn meshing with a worm gear 67, s0- that -upon the control wheel 64sbeing rotated, a rotation of the shaft 68 carrying the gear 67 will result, which latter, by virtue of the universal coupling 69 will serve to rotate a sprocket 70.

A sprocket chain 71, has its ends xed to the frame 33, its body portion passing over the sprocket 70, and it will be. obvious that a rotation of the sprocket 70 will result in an inclination of the frame 33 with respect to the plane in which it is traveling, resulting in a swinging of the frame in an arc, thus producing the bank desired without the necessity of resorting to ailerons.

To provide means which will permit of an elevation or depression of the tail, and consequently the entire machine, the control wheel 64 is mounted by means of the shaft 72 so as to be capable of rocking. A collar 73 encircles the wheel 64, and is pivotally connected with a bell crank 74 pivoted as at 75. A link 76 has one of its ends rockingly secured to the opposite end of the bell crank 74, its opposite end being assoT ciated with a second bell crank 77, more particularly shown in Figure 16, which bell crank is`movably mounted upon a bar78 forming a part of the subframe 50.

The opposite end of this bell crank now passes to right of forks 79 of the bracket, which serves to support the rearmost of the wheels 22 and serves, by means of the ex tension 80 of the tail 23 to rock the same around the pivot 81, which affords a mounting therefor.

1t will thus be understood, that it will only be necessary to -rock the control wheel 64 Vwith respect to the shaft-72 to incline the tail 23 in the manner desired.

Obviously numerous structure might readily be resorted to without in the least departing from the spirit of my invention, which I claim as Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows 1. l'n a flying machine, the combination of a fuselage, a frame located within said fuselage, an oscillating shaft revolubly supported within said fuselage, crank arms connected with said shaft, a plurality of pitmans connected with said crank arms, bars connected with'said pitmans at the outer ends thereof, a shaft connected with each of said bars, gearing connected with said last mentioned shaft and with said oscillating shaft, arms extending from each ofl said oscillating shafts, wings movab-ly con# bodily in a predetermined plane while said lwillige, are being moved by means of said shafts in a diderent plane crossing said first mentioned plane.

2. ln a heavier-than-air flying machine, a fulaga a pair of Wings andan elevator for said fuselage, a frame, a plurality of wheels secured to said frame for supporting said machine on the ground, a seat mounted in said fuselage for accommodating an operator, foot actuated means connected to one of said wheels for moving said machine on the ground, and means connect- A ing said foot operated means to both of said Wings for movlng the same in a vertical plane, and means for causing said Wings to. move in a horizontal plane simultane- `means for rocking said wings horizontally l during the vertical movement, and further means located within the fuselage and connected to both the tail and the wings for controlling said machine, said last mentioned ing.

Leeaiee means comprising a control capable of actuating said Wmgs when the same are mov- Ll. ln a flying machine of the character described, a fuselage, a. pair of Wings and ,an elevator for said fuselage, footpower means located Within said fuselage and connected to said Wings whereby the latter are oscillated vertically, means for rocking said.

Wings horizontally during the vertical movement. for propelling the machine through the air, and a control located within said fuselage for shifting said Wings in a vertical plane and thereby causing a banking of said machine and controlling the same horizontally.

5. lln a. flying machine of the character described, a fuselage, a plurality of Wings and a tail for said fuselage, a. plurality of Wheels supporting said fuselage when on the ground.l a foot operated mechanism located Within said fuselage and connected to one of said Wheels, an oscillating member actuated by said Wheel and connected to said Wings for oscillating the latter, and means located within said fuselage for changing the plane of said Wings with respect to said fuselage'for obtaining the horizontal 'control of the machine. f

WILLIAM LOlUllS BUSWELL.

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