US1444429A - Tumbler lock - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 6, 1923.

1. HOGGINGER.

TUMBLEH LUCK.

FILED JULY 2i,192o.

2 SHEETS'SHEET I.

Patented Feb. 6, 1923.

UNITED STATES JOHN ROGGINGER, 0F SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

TUMBLER LOCK.

Application tiled July 21, 1920. Serial No. 397,849.

T0 all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN Rocomonn, a

citizen of the United States, residing at San Diecro, `in the county of San Diego and State 0f .aliforniin have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tumbler Locks, of'whieh the following is a specification, reference'being had to the accompanying drawin s.

fgThis` invention relates to locks, and particularly to that class of locks wherein the key is so formed that .upon the insertion of thel key inthe lock, the tumblers in the lock willfbe forced to a predetermined position to permit thedoor to be unlocked upon the turning of thekey, and that when the key is withdrawn, the tumblers will be automatically shifted to another predetermined position, which will prevent the unlocking of the lock.

The general object of my invention is the production of a 'lock in which the key cannot be removed from the lock until all the tumblers have been set to a locked position by the key, and wherein immediately upon the removal of the key, the tumblers will shift to a locking position.

A further object of the invention is to provide a lock with a plurality oi"- series of tumblers, each series beingr radially retracti ble and projeftnhlo independently o any other series, and provide in connection therewith a key approximately crncitorin in cross section, there being as many ns, ribs or bits on the key as there are series of tumblers, these fins, ribs or bits being adapted to engage the tnmblers and radially shift them from a locked to an unlocked position.

further object is lo provide means for positivelj.` forcing the tumblers to n locked position upon the withdrawal of the key.

Another object is to provide a lock of this character wherein it is necessary not only that the key should be placed Within the lock but that the key shall bc 'forced to bodily shift all ot' the series ot tnmblers a certain predetermined distance until a man ter tumbler is placed in position'where it may be turned, thus providing an additional means for preventing the unauthorized nnlocking of the lock and a. further moans for preventing picking of the lock.

Other objects will appear in the course of the following description.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a ongitudinal'sectional view of a tumbler lock constructed in accordance with my invention and showing the parts in their locked position;

Figure Qis a like view to, Figure ,1 but showing the key inserted in' the lock and the parts in their unlocked position;

Figure 3 is a section on theline 3 3 of Figure 1; ,Figure 4 is an end view ofthe "lock showingthe keyhole; Y i i'ure 5 an elevation ofone of the tumb ers;

Figure 6 is a'topplanview of the ylock shown in Figure 1; f l

Figure 7 is an under s'idefviewvof the lock shown in Fi re 6; 'i y Figure 8 1s a sectional view through the barrel 15; b

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic sectional View through the barrel 15 to show two series of tuxnblers; 1

Figure l0 is a likek view to Figure 9 but taken at a plane at right angles thereto to show diagrammatically the other two series of tumblers;

Figure 11 is a side elevation 'of th'e key used. 'for operating the lock;

Figure 12 is an inner end view of the lock. Referring to these drawings, 10 designates the cylindrical casing of the lock, which is. associated with a bolt 11 moving in suitable guideways and formed with a notch or recess 12 on its under side. The casing 10 has attached to it the escutcheon plate 13 whereby, as illustrated in Figure 4, the lock is attached to the door or other structure to which it is to be applied by means of screws passed through the openings 14 in he escutcheon plate. The escutcheon late is shown as bein in one lpiece with t e casing of the loc The cylindrical lock casing l0 is formed on its interior with a slight shoulder l5 adjacent the front end of the lock casing. This lock casing is formed with a plurality of longitudinally extending Slots 16 and 16, shown as four in number, disposed equi-distantly around the lock casing, Two of these slots, namely the slots 16, are shown as extending to the escutcheon plate` The other two slots need not extend quite so far. Extending laterally, that is circu.rn.ferl

entially from the two slots 16, are slots 17. Both of these slots extend from the corre spondlxg lqt 167111 the salme dlretlou. The slots 'S'a'rd' terminate short of the' inner end of the casing 10.

Disposed within tlieeasing 1U is a barrel 18 which is rota-table Within the casing 1Q and fits the casing exactly. The barrel 18 at its end is formed withl a shoulder 19 which tits against the sh'ulf'lernl, the outer end of. die barrel being-flushwith the outer end of thevcasing l0 as illustrated most clearlyl in 'Figure 1i 'llhis end of thebarrel is solid for a depth equal to that ofr the es utcheon platel, and this end of .the barrel is provided with a cruciform openin 20, as shown in. Figure L The opposite en of the barrel is closed byan end plate 21 provided with two screw openings. Attached to this end 21 of. the barrel is adisk 22`- through which screws 23 pass into the screv7 yopenA ingsgofxthe. barrel, as shown in-Figure. 7, this disk being rabbeted at its margin to fit over the adjacent extremity of the casing 1U, as shown in Figure 1, and beingformed with an arm 24 Whichvengages with the notch 12 in the bolt'll (see Figure 3). l This disk 22, therefore, oscillatesjvith the barrel 18 when a key is'inserted in the barrel and the barrel is oscillated, and this plate 22 is formed at its center with :i central recess 25 to accommodate the extremity of the key, as shown in igure 2. Un its inner face, shown in Figure 12, this plate 22 is formed with a lug 26 which engages in a notch 2T formed in the casing (see Fi ure 6) so as to limit the mov'ernent of the lisk 22 and o the barrel 18 relative to the casing.

That portion of4 the barrel between its outer end and the end wall 21 is hollow to contain the tumblers and is provided in its walls with four longitudinally extending slots 28. ithin the hollow interior of the barrel there are provided a plurality of series of tumbler-s, shown as four series of tumblers. The positions and arrangements of these tumblersare shown in diagrammatic ews in Figures 9 and 10. Each tumbler, as illustrated in Figure il. is formed of a centrally disposed. approxin'iately rectangular body 29 havingr oppositely projecting arm's 30, these arms being of different lengths, that is one of the arms on each tumbler being longer than the other arm. Both arms of any one tumbler, however, are constantly in engagement with the diametriY cally opposed slots 2S. Thus, in 'Figure the arms 30 extend vertically with relation to the drawing and the upper arm is shorter than the lower arms, but these arms are both in engagement with the corresponding diametrically opposed Vslots 28. Each tumbler has a length from the extremity of one arm to the extremity of the other exactly equal to the exterior diameter of the barrel 15 so casing.

4As before stated, there are four sets of these tumblers, these sets being designated respectively in Figures 9 and 10 as @12,0 and d. The sets a and bare disposedfin alternate relation tothe', 'sets c anddhfhe tumblers c and d operating t rough` fyfplr of slots at right angles tothe slots which the arms of the tumbleffsaana'b QTA wie. n, in be unde'tddftbebehpof the tumblers hascne arm .3ll Whichlfsfrela` tively short and the other arm 30 relatively long, it being the long arm v vhch is pf'ojectediutl through theappropriate slot, the short arm being enga ed bysprings, asfwill be later described. l. ach Aof.tliese. tumblers has a lcentral aperture 31 so formed that a4 certain bit or linA on the key will acttoshift that tumbler/n a certain direction.v

In addltion'to these fourseries'yofgtumblers a, b, c and di, there is a master tumbler 32, shown in Figure 5, which is formed With two diametrically extending lugs 33, these lugs being bored for the reception of a headed pin 344 ,.,The vsquare heads`35 of these pins operate within the slots 16', as shown in Figures 6 and 7. These square heads are nicked transversely to permit a screw driver to be placed in the heads andthe heads rotated to unscrew them. When the Whole series of tumblers and the master tumbler are shifted forward to the position shown in Figure 2 by means of the key and the key rotated, these square heads 35 are adaptezl to be shifted laterally into lateral or circuinferentially extending grooves 17, and thus the lock may be. turned by the key to n position-to Aunlock the door, but in the normal and locked position, these tumbler lugs constituted'by the heads 35 Will be in the extensions 16IIL of the slots 16, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. and will prevent any rotation of the barrel with its tumblers. All of the tumblers are longitudinally movable within the barrel 15 against the action of a spring 36, shown in Figures 1 and 2, which bears against the end Wall 21 and against the end tumbler of the series of tumblers, this end tumbler being relatively thick.

The longitudinal extension 16a of the groove 16 receives the lugs formed by the heads 35 and, as before stated, prevents any rotation of the barrel with its tumblers until the lrey is forced inward, as shown in Figure 2. forcing the series of tumblers and thc master tumbler forward against the action of the spring 36 until these heads 35 are op positie the entrances of the slots 17, Where up'o'n the barrel and the tumblers may be turned inl a clockwise direction in Figures 6 land 7 to throw the bolt. Thus When the key is vinserted in the lock, it acts as-will be hereinafter described to cause the retraction of all the several series 'of tumblers fromthe slots 16 of the-'casing 10, but even then the lock cannot be turned until the key 4Vis forced inward, as shown in Figure-2, toi-shift all of the'tumblers and the master tumbler longitudinally against the action of the spring 32 and bring the locking lugs formed by the heads 35 into ali ment with the slots 17. Then and only t en can the barrelbe rotated to an unlocking position.

Forthepurpose of urging the several series of tumblers to their locking position, that is so that the long arms of the tumblers a projectin one direction through the slot A (see Figure 9), the long arms of the tum blers b in the opposite direction through the slotfb (see Figure 9), the long arms of the tumblers c beyond the walls of the slot C (see Figure 10), and the long arms of the tumblers d beyond the Vslot `D (see Figure l0) and, therefore, project the long arms of these several `tumblers into engagement with the Walls of the slots 16= I provide leaf springs 37 which are disposed in the longitudinally extending slots 16 of the casing, asv illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and which. when the barrel is in its locked position, alignwith the grooves A, B, C and D of the barrel and engage the corresponding tumblers and cause their projection. Each of these springs is formed at its extremity with a depressed and curved portion 38 which is formed to engage the short arms of the proper tumbler. Thus the spring 37 which is associated with the slot D will force the tumblers outward` that is pro* ject the long arms of the tumblers (l. The spring 37 which is associated with the slot C will force the tumhlers c in :i direction to project their long,r arms out of the corresponding-'slot 16 so that Whenever the barrel 15 is turned to its locking position and the key Withdrawn` these springs 37 will act to force the tumblcrs radially outward into engagement with the slots 16,

The key illustrated in Figure l1 com4 prises a handle 39 and a shank which is cruciform in cross. section to provide the four bits or tins i0r This shank tapers from its point of connection with the handle to its extremity and fils the r-ruciforrn opening 2O in the end of the barrel. Each ofY these bits 40 is out to provide a series of alternate depressed and project-ing portions on its edge, which portions merge into each other so as to form a relatively sinuous. cam-like edge ior each bit which are adapte-:l to engage with the tumblers and are so formed in conjunction with the tumblers that when the key is inserted,` all of the tuin blers will he shift-ed to n. fully retracted position. against the action of the springs 37, as illustrated in Figure 2. 'In addition to the bits or fins 40, the key is provided inward of its handle with the shoulders 41 which are adapted,'when the key is inserted, to engage against the master tumbler 32 or against he end tumbler of the series of tumhlers in ease the master ytumbler is not in the position shown in Figures 1 and2 so as to cause the series-fof tumbler-s to move inward a 'nst the pressure of the spring until the' ug o1' lugs formed bythe heads 35 on the master tumbler have .moved into alignment with the circumferential slotsfll'. Then and only then-can thebarrel beturned to retract the bolt. -1

The operationof the look `is asfollows:

lVhen the key is retracted, the springs-37 act to force ,thetumblers' radially outwar'dffin four diiferent directions and through the four slots in the casing, as illustrated "in Figure 1, thus lockingthe 'rotatable barrel to |the Casin and preventing any rotation of the barre The 'rotation of the'barrel is further prevented by the fact that the 'pins or lufrs formed by the/heads 35 on themaster tumbler are disposed in the portions' 16 of the slots 16. Upon the insertion of the key, the edge contour of the fins or bit 40ci1use the tumblers to move outward or inward until the key is fully inserted,'as shown in Figure 2. when all of 'the' tumblersare retracted from the longitudinal slots V16 of the casing, VVhilethe key'fhas fully retracted these tumblers, the lock vis notyet ready to he turned until the key is forced inirard suliiciently until the shoulders 411 engage with the master tumbler so that the key forces the barrel rearward within the casing until the lugs formed' by the heads 35 on the master tumbler are moved into alignment with the slots 17. Then the keyT may barrel and retract the So long as the lock is turned to cause lie turned to turn the lrOll'.

a retraction of the bolt 11 the key' cannot be withdrawn. The key can only be withdrawn when the lock is turned to its-locked iosition for the reason. of course. that when the lock is turned the several series of tumblers are all forced inward to the position shown in Figure 2 and engage with the depressions in the key and prevent any pullimvr out of the key. Then the barrel has been turned to a position to permit the retraction ot the kej.r and the l-e'v is retracted. then as tho key is withdrawn. the springs 37 act :is before stated. to project the'tumblers into the several slots in the casing.

lt will be seen that in order to open this lock` it is not only necessaryv to have :ill four sets et tumblers retracted. but that it requires :r shifting of all the turnhlers forward to clear the lugs on the master tumbler from the extensions 16 of the slots '16. ln

36 forces all the this lock there are four obstructions that would have to be overcome before the tuniblers will move. ln other words, all four sets of tumblers would have to he set in correct position for unlocking the lock, and still it would he impossible to turn the tumblers because the lug on the muster lumblers would project through the longitudinal extension 16 of the slot 16 of the casing. the key cannotV be removed from the lock until all the tumblers are in such position that they will engage in the slots` there is no danger ofthe tumblers binding. and as soon as the-key, is turned Vto a locking position and removed from the lock1 the spring tumblers to the front of the lock casing, causing the master tumbler to engage the extensions 1G of the slots 16. The springs 37 ere provided as :in extra precaution a ainstzpicking the lock, and to particular y provide 1i positive means for forcing the tumblers outward. Nhere the action of the tumblers is controlled by avity, then the instant the key is withrawn from the lock, the tumbler-s either remain stationair or drop to the bottom of their several s ots. llVith this method of controlling the tumblers, each series of tumblers is not only forced into the slot but are held there by the tension of the spring! While I have illustrated a particular enibodiment of my invention, I do not wish to be limited to the details thereof. es these' details might be varied in many ways and equivalent details used withont departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I clairnz- 1. A lock comprising a casing, :in oscillatable barrel, a plurality ol serios ol' tumblers disposed Within und carried hy the barrel and euch series oper-(rbhV` in llillorvut rudial planes, the casingr having u. plurality ol' slots with which the rlili'errnt serios ol' tuin4 blers are engageable. and :i key havingr :i vruciform shrink providing :i series of bits, each bit having an edge contour adapted to shift one series of tumblers.

2. A lock comprisingr a casing, an oscillat- :i-ole barrel having radial slots` u plurality of series of tun'iblers disposed within :unl carried by the barrel and earl series oper able in different radial plenos. the series of tumblers being supported in :ind guided by said slots in the barrel, the cusinghnriug u plurality of slotsI with which the lilierout series of tumblers uro engugrueblo` :nul u key haring a cruciforin shank providing u serios of bits, cach bil having en edge contour adapted to shift one series of tlunblers to a fully retracted position when the key is fully inserted and in engagement with ull the tumblers.

3i A lock comprising a casing, an oscillatable barrel, a plurality of series of tum- As bit having an edge contour ada blers disposed within and carried by the barrel and each series operablel in dierent radial planes, the barrel being formed with slots supporting and guiding the several tumblers, the casing having aplurality vof slots with which the different series of tum blers are engageable, a key'having u cruciform shank providing a series of bits, each d-toshift ly .retracted one series of tuinblers to a' fu 75 position when theA key is fully inserted and 1n engagement with all the tumblers, and means for projecting eechseries of tumblers when the barrel is rotated toa position with the' tumhlers. in alignment with the slots of the casi-ng and the -lreyv is--withdrawn. i

4. A lock .comprising a cylindrical casing having ajplurality of longitudinally extending slots, a rotatable, `hollow*iba'rrel-:dis posed within the-casing closed 'at -one end, the closed end having a crucgormkey openf ing and the barrel being -provided. with-a. plurality of longitudinally :extending` slots adapted in one position of the .barrel to align with theV slots in the casing,a. plurality of series of tumblersjdis used withinthe barrel, each series of tum 1ers having two arms movable through and guided' by;dia metrically opposite slots of the barrel, jone of said arms being longer than the'otherarm and each tumbler having aA keyway through its center, and a key havin n, shank eruciform in cross section to provi e a. series of bits, each bit having an edge contour adapted to engage a certain series of tum.- blers and cause the projection or retraction of certain tumblers and the completeretracfion of all of the tumblers 'when the key is fully inserted to thereby permit the barrel to he rotated by the key, and ineens causing he projection of the several series' of tumlilers into the slots in the casing when the key is retracted. A 1

5. A lock comprising a casing having a 110 series of longitudinally extendin slots, a barrel mounted for oscillation in t ecasing and having means whereby it may be connected to a holt, the barrel being hollow and rlosed at its opposite ends` the endsypf the 116 barrel being provided with cruciforn'x apertures and the periphery of the barrel being provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending slots. a plurality of series of radi :illy projerttuble tumblers mounied Within 120 the barrel and having arms extending in alignment with seid slots, the tumhlcrs heing provided with central key apertures, all of seid series ofitumbleis being longitudinally shiftable in the barrel, a spring hold- 125 ing said tumblers against longitudinal shifting movement and toward the key end of the casing, a master tumbler having a centrai aperture and formed with a lug. the barrel being slotted for the passage of the lug 130 and the casing being formed with a circumferential slot intorwhich said lug engages, and a key cruciform in cross section to proivide a plurality of bits, the edge face Vof e the key is fully inserted, the

each bit bein adapted to engage the corresponding tum 1ers to project and retract the tumblers'as the key is inserted and -to cause the complete retraction of the tumblers when key 4at one point being provided -with `shoulders adapted to force all ,vof the tumblers 4longitudinally within the/barrel to thereby carry the tooth on the master tumbler-out 'of the longitudinally extending-groovein the casing and permit the rotation of the barrel as 'a1 Whole.

65A -look'eoiprisingta casing having a plurality of longitudinally extendin slots, a barrel oscillatably mounted within the casing and adapted to be connected to a locking bolt, the barrel being closed at its outer end and said cl'osed end having a key aperture, said barrel having a plurality of slots equal in number to the number of slots in the casing, a series of Hat radially proj ectable tumblers mounted Within the barrel and disposed in contact with each other and each having a pair of arms extending in opposite directions and projecting through and guided by the diametrically opposite slots in the barrel and adapted to project into diametrically opposite slots in the casing, each tumbler having a central key pacsage, springs urging said tumblers into a projected position, and a key insertible through the aperture in the end of the barrel and engageable through the apertures in the several tumblers to cause the complete retraction of said tumblers when the key is fully inserted.

7. In a lock, a casing formed with diametrically opposite, longitudinally extending slots, a barrel formed with diametrically opposite, longitudinally extending slots and oscillatable Within the casing, one end of the barrel having a key aperture, a series of tumblers mounted Within the barrel, each tumbler having a relatively long arm projectable through one of said slots and a relatively short arm engaging in the opposite slot, longitudinally extending springs engageable with the outer end faces of the short arms of the tumblers to urge the tumblers in position t0 project the long arms through the slots of the barrel into the slots of the easing,and a key having a bit adapted to engage and retract said tuinblers 'from their engagement with the slots in the casing when the key is fully inserted.

8. In a lock, a casing `formed with diametrically opposite, longitudinally extend ing slots, a barrel formed with diametrically opposite, longitudinalljv extendingr slots and oscillatable within the casing, one end of the barrel having a key aperture`r a series of tumblers mounted within the barrel, each tumbler having -a relatively lon arm projectable through one of said slots. an

a relatively short arm engaging in the opposite slot, longitudinally' ext-ending springs engageable with the short arms' of the tumblers to urge the tumblers in position to project the long arms through the slots of the barrel .into .the slots of the casing, a key having a bit adapted to engage and retract said tumblers from theirengagement with the-slots in the casinvwhen the key is fully inserted, the series o? tumblers being longitudinally movable VWithin the barrel, a spring urgin 'said tumblers inwawdirectiontoward the ey end-of the barrelyandaa master ,tumblerdisposed lwithin 'i the barrel and having a lug projecting beyond the barrel, the casing having an angular slot with which said lug engages, one portion of the lug extending longitudinally of the casing and the inner portion extending circumferentially of the casing whereby, when the key is inserted, the tumblers may be shifted longitudinally to carry the lug on the master tumbler out of the longitudinal slot and into the circumferential portion of the Slot to thereby permit the rotation of the barrel.

9. A lock having a casing and a barrel rotatable within the casin tumblers carried by the barrel and radial y projectable into engagement with the casin a key which, when inserted, retracts sait? tumblers from engagement with the casing and permits the rotation of the barrel, and means locking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement until the tumblers have been forced longitudinally a predetermined distance toward the rear end of the barrel.

10. A lock having a casing and a barrel rotatable within the casing, tumblers carried by the barrel and radially projectable into engagement with the casing, a key which, when inserted, retracts said tumblers from engagement with the casing and permits the rotation of the barrel, means locking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement until the tumblers have been forced longitudinally a predetermined distance toward the rear end of the barrel and including a master tumbler having a lug, the casing being formed with a longitudinally extending slot and a circumferentially extending slot rearward of the longitudinally extending portion of the slots in which said lug is adapted to travel, and a spring urging the tumblers toward the forward end of the barrel and the master tumbler out of alignment with the circumferentially extending slot.

1l. A lock having a casing member and a barrel member rotatable within the casing member. tumblers carried by one of said members and radially projectable into engagement with the other member, a key which when inserted, retracts said tumblers out of operative locking position and permits the rotation of the barrel, and means locking the barrel member to the casing member from rotative movement until the tumblers have been forced longitudinally a predetermined distance toward the rear ends of the casing and barrel.

12. A lock having a easing and a barrel rotatable within the casing, means locking the barrel to the casing from rotative movement including a tumbler having a radially projectable lug, the casing being formed with a longitudinally extending slot and a eircumferentially extending slot intersecting the longitudinally extending slot inward of its outer end, said lug being adapted to travel in said slots, a spring urging the master tumbler toward the forward end of the barrel with its lu out of alignment with the cireumferentially extending slot whereby to require that the master tumbler shall be forced rearward to bring its lug into alignment with the circumferential slot before the barrel can be turned, and a key illsertible into the barrel and having a part thereon adapted to engage said master tumbler to thereby shift it longitudinally and a part thereon adapted to engage the master tumbler to rotate it with the barrel.

In testimony Whereot I hereunto ilx my signature.

JOHN ROGGINGER.

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