US1443317A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

2 SHEETS-.SHEET 1 L. E. FRENCH. OIL BURNER. F1 LED Nov. 3, 19210.

Jan. 23, '1923.

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L. E. FRENCH.

OIL BURNER. FILED Nov. 3, 1920. 2 sHEETssHEET 2 INVENTOR. 50 A uP-Ncf E. fpfNc/u.

A TTORNE Y .constructed to insure Patented dan. 19231.

UNITED STATES LAURENCE E. FRENCH, OF SEBASTOPOL, CALIFORNIA.

vOIL BURNER.

Application led November 3, 1920. Serial No. 421,437.

To all 107mm t may conce/Mt Be it known thatLAUnnNon E. FRENCH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Sebastopol, in the county of `Sonoma and State of California7 has invented new and useful Improvements in Oil Burners, of .which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a fuel burner and particularly pertains to rotary burner-.for use with liquid fuel. lt is the principal ol ject of the present invention to provide a rotary burner for liquid fuel which is so at the fuel will be thoroughly atoinizedas it delivered to a combustion chamberr` and that the niechanical means for agita-ting and delivering the fuel to the fuel iet and throwing it therefrom will be simple in construction and arrangement so that ablaze of maximum intensity may be obtained in a limited zone, the invention being so constructed as to permit burner structures .of various capacity to be readily made from niultipleunits and assembled in such a compact nianner as to allow the burner to be carried from place to place.

The present invention contemplates the use of a rotary nozzle from which oil vapor is thrown, and which nozzle is disposed in the path of travel of a current of air in a AInannerto arrest the centrifugal action of the oil and carry it forwardly of the jet in a manner to produce 'a concentrated blaze, the supply of airy being produced by inultiple rotary fans which are driven in synchronisln with the rotary niovernent of the nozzle7 and-which insure that a desirable relationwill exist between the ,velocity of the air owing around thenozzle and the velocity of the fuel vapor being thrown oif from the nozzle by centrifugal force, said yfans and nozzle being driven from a single motor while all of the unit may be positioned upon a movable tripod.

rlhe invention is illustrated by way effexainple in the accompanying drawings in which- .I A

Figure l.v is viewiu central vertical section through theA burner showing the correlation of its parts, and further disclosing it with parts. broken away for the Sake of convenience.

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinalr section through ythe burner nozzle. l

Fig. 3 is a view in longitudinal Ysection through another form of aburner nozzle.

Fig. 4 is avview in section and elevation showing the end of a fan blower with its cap rernovedv andv with one of its walls broken away to more clearly disclose the fan blades.

vFig. 5 is a View in elevation illustrating the application of the invention.

Referring inore particularly to theldrawing, 10 indicates a tripod upon.' which is mounted a bolting plate ll. `This plate is disposed upon the top of the tripod and is secured by a center bolt l2r` which extends through opening i3 in the plate. On one end of the plate ll, a motor ist is mounted, while on the other end a, fan and burner structure 15 is secured. The plate is foi-ined by the vertical flange i6, to which a gear housing 17 will be secured. This housing is clearly shown in Fig. t, where it will be seen to have a large circular body portion with a lower seinicircular extension thereof for the reception of a spur gear 18 forming` partof the gear-train which will be hereinafter described. A cover plate 19 is provided for the housing and interposed hetween it. and the bolting flange 16 of the base plate ll. Suitable bearing 2O is formed through the cover plateand receives a main drive shaft 2l. This drive shaft extends through a bushing 22 and is journaled at its inner end within a bearing 23 formed in the back wall 24 of the gear housing. The outer end of the shaft 2l is fitted witha coupling 25, adapted to be secured to an arniatureshaft 26 of motor 14 and by which the shaft may be driven.

The back wall 2a of the'gear housing is formed with abearing 27 to receive an antifriction bearing 28 of a fan shaft 29. rlhis shaft extends horizontally andparallel to the' longitudinal airis of the motor. Near the bottom end of the back plate 24is formeda bearing 30, through which a tuliiular sleeve 3l ext-ends. This sleeveis provided with an enlarged shouldcrat its inner-end to .prevent it from slipping through the hearing and at the saine time isA of a suitable bore to arconunodate a tubular nozzle shaft 32. at the outer end of which a nozzle or burner tip 32% is sec ired, y,The nozzle shaft at 32 and the fan shaft 29 are simultaneously driven from the shaft 2l by a gear 34 in inesh with gear lpreviouslymentioned7 and the gear 35 vsecured to the shaft 29. f Attention is directedvto the fact that theratio ofthe gears 18 .and 35 are at variance with eachother,

' through the Wall adjacent to the housing 3S.

It is `to be understood that any number of the intermediate housings 37 may be used and that it will only be necessary to increase the length of the shaft 29, the shaft 32, and the spacing sleeve 31 in yorder to change the capacity .and var y the performance of the burner. The housing 38 carries a bearing 42 into which the outer end of the tan shaft 29 is journaled.

Mounted upon the fan shaft and disposed one Within each of the fan housings, are rotors 43. These members lconsist ol:l circular disks 44 .secured `to the shaft and 'tarrying a plurality of substantial radial vanes 45. The angle 4of the blades may be chai'iged if desired, so that they will be tangentially arranged relative to the shaft 29 if desired. These blades are interposed between the disks and the faces of `the adjacent housings Which are fitted With small openings 41. Thus a multiple stage fan will be produced as the air `is drawn in through an intake opening 46, thereafter passing through the first opening 41 and then being forced `outwardly t0 again circulate through an ,opening 41 and into succeeding housings until emitted through opening 47 in thehousing 3S. This opening is-in communication with an air tube 49 through which the shalt 32 extends, and Within the outer end ol which the nozzle 33 is disposed.' It is to be understood that the outside diameter of the nozzle and the inside diameter of the tubek 49 bear a definite relation to each other as Well as to the speed or' rotation of the nozzle and the velocity of the .ai r passing there around. f

The force feed of oil is delivered to the tubular shaft 32 from a suitable supply 50, through a pump 5l. This pump is preferably of the gear type, and is driyen oil of the shaft 2l by a gear 52 in mesh with the gea-r 53, which gear in ,turn drives a small gear 54 in mesh with a pump gear lt will ythus he evident that the pump. the tan and the nozzle may all be driven at differw ent speeds as determined by the conditions required, and as controlled by the interchange of the various gears of the gear train.

The nozzle is mounted yon the outer end of the tubular nozzle shaft .32, and consists of an inner stem '56' suitably secured `Within t-he f end of the nozzleby screws 57 This'stein has a central oil passage way v:38 therethrough, the outer end ofthe stem terminating a short distance from the end of the oil tube 49. This outer end of the stem is internally threaded to receive a screw 59 bearing against a washer 60, by which a cone shaped nozzle tube 61 is secured in posit-ion around the end of the stem 56. This tube has a cylindrical portion 62 extending over the stem 56 and resting against a shoulder on a nozzle cup 63. The nozzle cup has an vend Wall which is interposed between `the end of the tubular shaft 32 and the end of the tip, while a cylindrical shell 64 forms a part of the cup and `encompasses the cylindrical port-ion 62 of the tip. The cup and tip are secured in position by the clamping action of the screw 59. The length of the cup is such as to cause its outer vertical lip to extend a slight distance beyond the end of the Aair delivery tube 49, and to terminate a short distance from the base face 65 of the nozzle tip cone 6,1. This provides an `annular vertical throat 66, into which the oil may flow and from which it passes into the stream of air flowing through the Atube 49. The lcylindrical shell 64 of the cup 63 is counterbored to forman annular chamber 67 around the base portion 62 of the tip. A shoulder 68 on the tip partially restricts the flow of oil from this annular chamber into the throat 66. In the end Wall of the cup a plurality of longitudinally extending passage Ways 69 are formed to communicate with the chamber 67. These passage ways also stand yin the path of travel of the air flowing through the tube 49 and ythus produces a bypass for a portion of the air so that the agitating effect thereof may he yutilized in breaking up the oil in the chamber 67 and insuring that it will be more thoroughly vaporized when it passes ,into the main stream of air flowing vout, from 4the end of the tube 49. The liquid fuel yis deliv. ered from the bore 58 of the stem 56, through lradial `ducts 70, which extend Athrough the stem and communicate with an Iintermediate annular recess 71 formed hy .counterbore in the cylindrical portion of Vthe tip. This portion lthe tip Iis formed with 4radial ducts 7 6. preferably in register `with the duct 76 ol' the stein, and through which the liquid jt'uel may pass to the annular chamber 67.

lu view of the -iat that different capacil ties oi burner are reijpiired. it is often neces sary to enlarge the diameter of the air tube 49 and Athe nozzle. In order that this may he done without/impairing the operation oi the nozzle. a modified structure is provided as shown in Fig. 3. In this form of the invention, the nozzle tip consists ,ot ya conical shell 72 mounted at the end of Athe tubular shaft B2. Disposed over this shell is a .sleeve 73, carrying Van inverted cone member 74. The sleeve is perforated as in-v dicated at 75, so that the liquid fuel may pass from the shaft 32 and ybe carried along the inner face of the inverted cone 74E to the throat 65. rl`he cup 63 is provided with the perforations 69 previously described, and in this instance it will be noted thatthe outer face of the inverted cone Tlwill act to generate the oil so that it will be delivered to a point near the outer periphery of the tip 72.

ln operation of the present invention, the burner is assembled as previously described, and after the capacity' of the burner has been determined, a nozzle of desired dimension is provided, and the desired number of fan units are assembled to produce the required velocity and volume of air. The gear train may then be designed to establishv a desired ratio betwen the air velocity and the speed of rotation of the nozzle. After the structure has been assembled it may be mount-ed upon the tripod l0, or permanently installed if desired. ln `either event, the projectingair tube may extend through an opening 76 in a furnace 77, as shown in Fig. 5. It will be observed that in this case the air tube or nozzle may be of such dimensions as to place the motor and fan some distance from the furnace, and that the structure is so assembled as to interpose the fan unit between the furnace and the motor, thus insuring that it will be protected from the extreme heat and will operate in a manner to eliminate repairs.

lhen .the motor is set in motion, the fan will be operated as well as the nozzle shaft 32 rotated. It is desirable to design the gear train so that the fan will rotate at a considerably higher rate of speed than the nozzle, and in fact it is desirable to establish this ratio so that vthe oil delivered through the nozzle will be carried out as a film to the peripheral edge of the nozzle cone base, and that the rotation of the nozzle will not be fast enough to produce a violent action upon the oil and create an excessive and undesirable centrifugal movement thereof. The oil thus delivered to the outer edge of the tip will be of course thrown into the path of travel of the air flowing through the tube 49, and moving at right angles thereto. The force ofthe moving oil, however-,is intended to be arrested by the force of the stream of airvso that instead of having a large Haring flame. the air will 'act to direct the oil particles at right angles to their original path of travel, and will concentrate the iiame to produce a flame of relativelysmall sectional area and of high heat. The congestion of the oil forming a part of the jet thus produced, will be facilitated `by the agitation of the oil, and byl breaking up the liquid into small globules which will pass from the nozzle tip as of very fine vapor. This result is produced by the mechanical agitation of the oil within the annular chambers 67 and 7l, and by the action of the air which is diverted through the cup 63, and which flows through the passages 69 across the chamber 67, and out around the shoulder G8 of the burner tip to the throat 66. o

lt will thus be seen that by the use of the oil burner here disclosed, it is possible to regulate the formation of the vapor jet produced, and at the same time to insure that the oil therein will be finally vaporized, the burner being further designed to permit it to be carried from place to place and constructed in a mannerA to meet the requirements of various installations.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now kno-wn to me, it will be understood that various changes might be made in the combination and arrangement of parts by those skilled inA the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. An oil burner, comprising a tubular, rotatable oil shaft, a fixed air conduit surmouth of said air conduit and carried by the oil shaft, said nozzle being formed with a f peripheral outlet passage oommunicatingwith the supply of Oil in the shaft and adapted to throw by centrifugal action across the path of travel of the air passing around the nozzle and from the end of the conduit, and a plurality of air passageways formed in said lnozzle parallel with the longitudinal axis of the shaft and adapted to deliver jets of air into the rear of the peripheral passageway.

2. An oil burner, comprising a central rotatable tube through which a supply of oil circulates, a nozzle carried at the outer end of said tube and communicating therewith, said nozzle having a central passageway communicating with the tube, radial passageways emanating therefrom, longitudinal passageways communicating therewith, and a circumferentially extending peripheral outlet adapted to throw oil at right angles to the axes of the nozzle, an air pipe surrounding the oil pipe and a portion of the nozzle, said pipe being of larger diameter than the nozzle and terminating a distance short of the peripheral outlet therefrom, and longitudinal passageways in the nozzle communieating with the air pipe and adapted to deliver a supply of air to the oil passing to the peripheral outlet.

3. A burner structure comprising a cylindrical air tube through which air may be delivered under pressure, a cylindrical nozzle member extending into the open discharge end of the air tube, said nozzle having a diameter less than the interior diameter of the tube whereby anfannular epaee will be 'formeel betweenthe nozzle. and' the tube, said `nozzle beingv formed with passage `Ways whereby particles of oil may be tlfiroivn olif *portion whereby a square shoulder will be formed as a part et the baseof the cone, said cylindrical body portion being formed with radial openings to receive oil 'from the first named openings', and a nozzle cup telescoping over said cylindrical body portion and terminating adjacent the base oii the cone to i'rorm an oil outlet throat, and an annular agitating chamber between the cup and the cylindrical portion of" the cone.

5. A nozzle for oil burners comprising a central rtubular member secured. to a rotatable shaft through `which oil is delivered thereto, -said member being formed with a plurality ofvradial outlet openings. a nozzle lcone secured at the end of said tubular member and having a reduced cylindrical body `portion whereby a square shoulder will be formed as a `part of the .base of `the cone, said cylindrical bodyportion being `formed with radi-al openings to receive oil from the `first named openings, and a nozzle cup telescoping over said cylindrical body portion and terminating adjacent the base of the cone to form an oil outlet throat, an annular agitating chamber between the cups and the cylindrical portion o-f the cone, and means for creating an agitation of the oil within the annular chamber formed by the' cup and prior tothe passage of the oil to the outlet throat.` e v Y 6. A nozzle for oil burners comprising a central tubular member secured to a rotatable shaft through which oil is `delivered thereto, said member being formed with a plurality of radial outlet openings, a nozzle cone Secured at the end of said tubular member and having a` reduced cylindrical body kportion whereby a square shoulder will be formed as a part of the base of the cone. saidv cylindrical body portion being formed with radial openings to receive oil 'from the first named openings, and a nozzle cup telescoping over said cylindrical body portion and terminating adjacent the base ot the cone to form an oil outlet throat, an annular agitating` chamber between the cup and the cylindrical portion of the cone, means for creating an agit-ation of the oil within the annularchamberformed by-the cup `and prior to the passage of the oil to the outlet throat, and air circulating passagevvays formed through the end of the cup and adapted to convey air into the annular passage of the cu iAUR-ENCE E. FRENCH.

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