US1442666A - Smoke-preventing boiler furnace - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 16, 1923. 1,442,666. E. c. HOCK.

SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

FILED MAY 31. |921.- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.-

Ho's

I Jan. 16, 1923.

E. C. HOCK. SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACL 4 SHEETSSHEET Z.

FILED MAY 31, 92!.

J an. 16, 1923.

E. .0 HOCK. SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

FILED MAY 31, 1921.

Jan. 16, 1923. 1,442,666.

E. c. HOCK.

V SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

FILED MAY 31 1921. 4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

ZZWM 6/4444 Patented den. 1%, i923.

EDWARD CHARLES HOCK, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

SMOKE-PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE Application filed May 31 1921. Serial No. 473,670. I

This invention embodies certain unprovements in the smoke preventingboiler rurnaees heretofore patented to-Lme by Patent No. 1,260,196 dated March 19,,11918. L The objects of this invention are to simplify the construction ofmy patentedlifurnace aforesaid, to utilize to better advair tape the heating effects of the waste prodnets of combustion passing out thru the back chan'iber of said furnace in heating; air or other fluid fuel supplied to the combustion chamber and to adapt the furnace to a force feed of the air supplied to the primary combustion chamber over the surface of the burning fuel thereinand to the use of gas, oil or vapor thereof, water or vapor thereof coniniingled with the air current so supplied to said fire box.

In the accompanying drawings which represent the preferred embodiment of the invention, Figure l represents a longitni linal .rerticalsection of the boiler furnace taken on line 'll of Fig; 2. c Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section on line 22 of Fig. 1. s Fig. 3 represents line 3'3 of Fig. 1. Fig. l represents linelt of Fig. '1. j

Fig. 5 represents'on anenlargedscale a vertical section on line 5 5 of Fig. of the fluid fuel converter. j

Fig. 6 represents on an (enlarged scale a horizontal section of the furnace wall adja cent to the fire be showing the fluid fuel distributing pipe. 7

Fig. 7 represents on anvenlar' transverse section of said. wall "\"vi're distributing pipe goes thru it.

a transverse section, on

E une The same reference numbers indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.

The furnace structure includes the general features of a well known type boiler furnace, being divided into a boiler chamber 10 in which the boiler 20 is set, a primary combustion chamber 30 beneath the front portion of the boiler chamber, an ash chamber it) below the primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber 50 beneath the rear portion of the boiler chamber, a back chaniber (50 at the rear of the boiler 20, a front chamber at: the front thereof, and a smoke stack leading up from the chamber 70 and provided with a damper 81.

A central bridge wall 90 disposed below the boiler about midway of the length thereof, separatethe secondary combustion chamber 50 fromthe primary fire chamberBO and ash chamber 40. Thisbridc'e wall has a concave arc-shaped bridge wall 91, which is preferably concentric with the boiler at some distance therefrom, and extends upward adjacent to the opposite "sides thereo The bridge thus forms anarc-shaped passage 41 between lts top and the lowerportion of the boiler, which'passage establishes communication between the primary co n bustion chamber 30 andjthe secondary combustion chamber 50.1

A rear bridge wall 100 disposed I below the rear end of the boiler se jarates the back chamber or line ()0 from the secondary combustion chamber 40.

p This rear bridge wall has an arc-shaped top 101, which is preferably concentricwiththe boiler atsome distance therefrom and extends upward on opposite sides thereof adjacent thereto. This bridge wall forms an arc-shaped passage 61 between its top and the lower portion of the boiler and this passage establishes communication between the second ary combustion chamber 50 and the back chamber 60.

upward. The diameter of the boil er 1s lee than the width of the boiler chan berIO so that spaces 11 and 12 are left between the furnace walls and the boiler on sides of the latter. These spaces opposit upward extensions of the Combustion chamwall, thru the rear bridge wall 100 and enters the boiler at any suitable point.

A deflector is pivoted to therear bridge wall at the lower edge of the arc-shaped passage 61 and is adapted to close the lower part of said passage. This deflector is adapted to be swun backward to open said passage more or less for regulating the current of gases passing from the combustion chambers upward around the steam space of the boiler as hereinafter explained." This deflector is supported in a transverse rod 66 which extends from side to side of the back chamber (50. The rod 66 is provided with a hand wheel 67.

The parts above described are substantially the same as the corresponding parts in my patent aforesaid.

i A fluid fuel converter 110 is mounted in the back chamber 60 where it is exposed to the heat of the hot gaseous products of combustionpassing therethru from the secondary combustion chamber 50 to the smolre stack 80. This converter serves as heater for air and gas, as a vaporizer for oil or water and as a mixer for these several fluids; This combined heater, vaporizer and mixer comprises in its preferred form a horizontal receiving chamber 111, a horizontal delivery chamber 112 and a central hori- Zontal mixing chamber 113. The receiving chamber 111 is connected with the mixing chamber by vertical pipes 114 and the mixing chamber is connected with the elivery chamber by vertical pipes 115. The outer surfaces of these several chambers and pipes are exposed to the heat of the escaping ous products of combustion passing thru theback chamber 60, and consequently heat the air and vaporize the oil or water passing therethru.

An air intake pipe 140 disposed at or near the top of the furnace extends thru the furnace wall from the exterior thereof into the back chamber 60 and is connected at its inner end with the receiving chamber 111 of the converter 110. The outer end of this intake pipe is preferably connected with a force feed apparatus, preferably in the form of a blower 1415 operated by an electric motor.

The fluid fuel converter 110 is connected atit s lower end by a three-way coupling 116 with'laterally diverging pipes 121 and 122 at a point about on a level with or chamber 50, thence are inclined outward.

thru the central bridge wall and thence connect. with longitudinal distributing pipes 130 and 131 disposed within the walls of the primary fire box or combustion chamber preferably on a level or thereabouts with the normal fire surface of said box. These distributing pipes are preferably provided with inturned extensions 1'32 and 133 which extend within the furnace wall opposite the front portion of the fire box at opposite sides of the door thereof. These distributing pipes and their lateral extensions are provided with discharge orifices 135 preferably in the form of tapering nozzles which project into openings 134 inthe walls between the distributing pipes and the interior of the the box. 7 The inclined portions of the fluid fuel distributing. pipes 130 and 131 are provided with inward extensions "136 and137 located in the central bridge wall 90 and havinginozzles 138 which discharge thru holes or lutes 139 in the walls of the secondary combustion chamber 50. These 'no-zzles preferably discharge at an angle of forty five degrees more or less in an upward direction towards the bottom of the boiler which 'is' exposed within said chamber.

The air intake pipe 1 10 delivers outside air to the receiving chamber 111 of the converter, whence it passes downward thru the pipes 114 into the mixing chamber 113, thence downward thru the pipes 115 into the delivery chamber 112. The air in passing thru the converter becomes highly heated and passes out therefrom thru the coupling 116, diverging pipes 121' and 122 and longitudinal pipes 123 and 121 to the dis-- tributing pipes 130 and131, and thence into the furnace thru the nozzles 135. The air so supplied to the incandescent surface of the fire in the fire box is thoroughly heated to a high degree before being discharged into said box. 7

Means are provided for supplying a gaseous fuel in the form of gas other than air to the mixing chamber of the heater 110.

The means shown for this purpose comprise end with an enlargement 142 and an in-,

jector nozzle 152 connected with the air intake pipe 1 1-O terminates within said cham her. A gas supply pipe 153 having a cool; 15% is connected with asource ofgas supply. Theninjector pipe or-nozzle 152 in duces a suction and forces a feed of fuel gas mixed with more or less air thru the gas pipe 150, the inner end of whichis provided with a distributing pipe 155 within the mixing chamber 113 of the converter 110. This pipe is provided on its opposite sides below its center with orifices 15.6 which spray the gas into said chamber;

Means are provided for supplying oil to the mixing chamber of the heater whereby it may be vaporized and commingled with the air passing therethru to the fire box. The means shown for this purpose comprise an oil tube 160 leading to a source of oil supply and being provided with a stopcock 161. This oil tubeconnects with and supplies oil to the tube 150 thru which it passes to the mixing chamber.

Means are provided for supplying water to be utilized in the form of vaporor steam in connection with the other fuel gases hereinbefore referred to. The means shown'for this purpose comprise a water receiving chamber 170 having an inlet pipe 171 which extends thru the top thereof and discharges into said chamber near the bottom thereof. This pipe connects with a source of water supply and is provided outsideth'e furnace wall with a stop cock 172. The receiving chamber is connected near its upper end by a pipe 173 with the pipe 150. This chamber 170 is located within the back chamber 60 where it is exposed to'the heat of the escaping gaseous products. The water admitted to the water chamber 170 is heated thru the exposure of said chamber to said hotgases and passes out into the pipe 150. By the time it reaches the mixing chamber the water is partially vaporized on its way to the mixing chamber and after entry thereinto is fully converted into steam or superheated steam and mixes with the air which comes in thru the pipe 140.

By the means above referred to air alone mav be distributed over the burning coals in the fire box in a very hot state approximating the temperature of the incandescent coal. hlatural or other gas may be commingled with said hot air; or oil in the form of vapor may be commingled with the air alone, or with air and gas; and steam may be combined with the air and gas or air and oil or oil and gases or oil alone or gas alone as may be found most desirable or beneficial in the particular locality where the furnace is used.

The air intake 140 is provided with a Y- connection 141 with which the injector nozzle 152 is connected. One arm of the Y is provided with a damper 143 which may be opened and closed by any suitable means as by cord or chain 14a which may be self regulating or otherwise. This chamber is opened for the admission of air by automatic flow when the force feed apparatus 141:5 is not in use. Thus there is a constant flow of air provided for the coverter whether or not the force feed is used. The water vapor developed when water is. supplied is converted into super-heated or dry steam while passing thru the converter and is thus in a condition to increase combustion within the fire box.

In the use of this furnace air admitted or forced in thru the air intake 1 10 passes into the receiving chamber of the converter 110, thence to the mixing chamber 113 thereof and thence to the delivery chamber thereof from which it passes by the pipes 121, 122, 123 and 12a to the distributing pipes 130 and 131, and by them is discharged into the fire box over the incandescent coals thru the nozzles 135, and into the secondary combustion chamber 50 thru the branch pipes 136 and 137 and their nozzles 13S and 139. Thus a supply of heated air to facilitate and produce smokeless combustion is distributed over the coals of the fire box. If the vapor of oil is to be added, the oil is supplied thru the pipe 150 to the mixing chamber of the converter and there mixed with the hot air which is supplied to the combustion chamber thru the distributing pipes aforesaid. If steam or the vapor thereof is to be added, water is supplied thru the pipe 171 and chamber 170 to the pipe 150 and is thence discharged into the mixing chamber of the converter thru the jets 156 of the pipe 155.

The combustion current from the fire box passes along the bottom of the boiler in direct contact therewith thru the passage 11 into the secondary combustion chamber, thru said chamber along the bottom of the boiler and thru the passage 61, past the deflector into the back chamber 60, and in part upward around the boiler at each side thereof in direct contact with the boiler and thence rearward thru the boiler chamber 10 into the backchamber 60; thence forward thru the fire tubes of the boiler into the front chamber and thence upward thru the stack 80.

By manipulation of the damper 65, more or less of the combustion current is made to pass underneath the boiler thru the passages 41 and 61 and a greater or less proportion upward thru the extension combustion chambers 11 and 12. The combustion current can thus be divided, regulated and varied to suit the conditions of combustion incident to the volume and condition of the air or Enid fuel admitted to the combustion chamlVhen it is desired to reduce the steaming power of the boiler, the deflector 65 is opened and when the boiler is to be run to its full capacity of steaming power, the deflector 65 is closed. When the deflector 65 is open and the stack damper is closed or partially closed the fire is checked and yet sufficient air is admitted to the combustion chamber to prevent the formation of smoke and when said deflector is closed an ample fit quantity of air is likewise supplied to the combustion chamber to prevent the generation of smoke, and the current from the combustion chamber is thrown upward around the boiler on both sides thereof into direct contact therewith and with the steam space thereof whereby the greatest water heating effect is obtained together with superheating of the steam. When the deflector 65 is opened the stack damper 81 may be closed and when the deflector 65,is closed the stack damper 81 is partly open.

In the use of this furnace at large directv the top thereof,a thoro combustion may be obtained without waste of heat thru the stack, and the size of the stack may be reduced. i p I claim as my invention:

1. A boiler furnace comprising a horizontal cylindrical boiler, back and front flue chambers at opposite ends thereof, flues con necting said chambers, a combustion chamber below said boiler, extension combustion chambers continuous with said combustion chamber and extending upward around said boiler on opposite sides to the top thereof and opening into said back flue chamber, a bridge wall between said combustion chamber and said back flue chamber and forming a passage between the lower part of the boiler and said wall, said passage connecting said combustion chamber with said back flue chamber, a deflector disposed in said passage, a converter consisting of a combination heater, vaporizer and mixer disposed in said back flue chamber, means for supplyingair and oil to said converter. disfuels, means forsupplying said fuels to said converter, distributing pipes embedded in the walls of said primary combustion chamher and provided with nozzles projecting into openings in said walls for discharging the fluid fuel into said primary combustion chamber, and diverging and side pipes connecting said converter with said distributor.

3. A converter for fluid fuel to be supplied to a steam boiler furnace consisting of a top receiving chamber, a bottomdelivery chamber, an intermediate mixing chamber, pipes connecting said bottom and top chambers with said mixing chamber, an air intake pipe connected with said top chamber, delivery means connected with said bottom chamber, a jet pipe projecting into said mixing chamber, and means for supplying water to said jet pipe.

e. The combination with a steam boiler furnace, of jet distributing pipes disposed in the walls of the fire box above the grate, a converter disposed in the back flue chamber thereof, pipes connecting said distributing pipes with the delivery chamber of said converter, an air intake pipeconnected with the receiving chamber ofsaid converter, a jet pipe extending into the mixing chamber of said converter, a fluid fuel pipe connected with said jet pipe at its feed end, an injector mounted on said a1r intake pipe and engaging said fuel feed pipe, andan air forcing apparatus connected with said air pipe and operative to simultaneously force air thru said air intake and fluid fuel thru said fuel feed pipe to different parts of said converter and thence to said distributing pipes.

EDWARD CHARLES HOCK.

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