US1327394A - Bleaching composition - Google Patents

Description

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M Be it known that we, RICHARD lmss Reference TO THE KADISH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORA- I'IION 0F soU'rH DAKOTA.

No Drawing.

To all whom it mag concern:

B. KADISH and THEODORE W. BUSCHER, both citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Bleaching Composition; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. 1

Our invention relates to chemical compositions of the general class adapted for use where both caustic and acid properties are required; as for example in the cleansing and bleaching of yarns, threads and textiles of various kinds. 11 some of its general aspects our invention aims to provide ingredients mixed in desirable proportions into a composition which will be substantially stable, thereby enabling this composition to be stored and shipped more readily than could be done with the separate ingredients. In its applications to bleaching, our invention aims to provide a chemical composition which will. be more effective than the compositions heretofore used for the same purposes, both through reducing both the required time of treatment and the fuel required for boiling the goods with the compositions, and through reducing the number of handlings necessary for accomplishing the effective bleaching of certain goods; which will make the goods more soft and more receptive to dyes, finishes or printing; which can be easily and cheaply manufactured without requiring special apparatus; and which will be stable, easily stored and transported, and-easily usedwithout en-- dangering the workmen handling the same. More particularly,- our invention aims to provide a simple and unitary chemlcal ingredient which may readily be dissolved to afford a substitute for the lye-boilin and lime-boiling liquors as commonly used during the bleaching of gray goods or the like, and which in such solution will act more speedily and effectively than the caustic soda and soda ash solutions and the lime solutions heretofore used for this purpose. Furthermore, our invention'aims to provlde a chemi- BLEACHING GOMPOSITION.

cal composition which can be used in a simple aqueous. solution as a substitute for both the socalled gray wash cleansin of the goods and the subsequent lime-boiling, and which will reduce the time required for the Search RICHARD B. KADISH AND THEODORE W, BUSCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 6, 192th Application filed December 11, 1917. Serial N0.206,589. I

chemicking. So also our invention aims to I provide a liquor (or the active soluble in gredient. for the same) which may readily be. employed with widely yarying weights of goods without injury to the fabric, and which may be used equally well for cotton goods, linens or unions.

For the-above ,purposes (as well as for others which will appear hereafter) we provide a chemical composition containing a number of ingredients adapted partly for scouring the goods and partly for cleansing and clarifying them, and we prepare the composition with its ingredients so chemi cally bound to each other that the entire composition will readily dissolve so as to distribute its said ingredients in properly balanced relation throughout the, solution. In so doing we preferably include as one of the ingredients an alkaline caustic adapts "ed to do the scouring and cleansing; and

preferably combine with this caustic one or more salts adapted to clarify the goods and to make them more receptive to the chemicking and finishing. For this latter purpose,

we preferably utilize a fiuorid salt, being able by our combination of ingredients to employ this most active one of the halogens.

Heretofore, attempts to use fluorin in textilebleaching or the like have not been successful, for if this was introduced in the form of a V hydrofluoric acid dissolved in water, the volatility of this acid prevented its mixing uniformly with the water in the bath and any stirring only caused a'streakiness which evidenced itself 1n a far from uniform action on the yarn or textile immersed in the bath. Or, if a fluorid salt was stirred into a keir containing the gray goods in water which had been acidulated by the acid remaining on the cloth from the gray-sour, the efiervescing of the fluorid salt when striking this acidulated liquid not only ,caused a great waste of the fiuorin content by evaporation at the" surface of the liquid, but also led to a much highenfluorin cons tent near the surface than in the lowerstrata of the liquid. Consequently, when the treated materials were left in the bath sufliciently long for the lower portions to be bleached, the upper portions .as well as various interq mediate spots were eaten into by the excess of fluorin at these points.

To utilize the highly desirable effectiveness of .fluorin without encountering these difiiculties, we introduce this constituent in a chemically bound form. Moreover, we

, preferably used a fiouridcomposition of such specific gravity that it will sink quickly and thereafter through boiling distrlbuteitself through the bath as it dissolves; and also preferably use a flourin-containing composition of greater solubility. than the corresponding simple flo'urid. So also, ourinvention aims to provide such a fluorin-ontainmg composltlon in a form in which it can readily be shipped and stored in lnexpenslve containers, and in which'it can readily be' measured out and handled without danger to the user and without exposing the latter to dangerous sprays when introducing the.

- employing acid so ium sulfate in the commerclal form .known as niter cake. By suitably proportioning three such ingredients and first permitting them to react on each other when mixed. while slightly moist or in the commercially available form in which these ingredients are not entirely dry,

we secure a chemical composition from which all three of the characteristic constitu "ents may be utilized when thecomposition is dissolved in water. i v For'mstance, where our chemical composition is desired for textile bleaching purposes, we mix epoundsof niter cake with 2 pounds of caust c soda and 1 pound of sodium 'fluorid. Upon mingling these three ingredients in i finely divided and approximately dry form, considerable heat is gen-. erated, due to the'action of the ingredients on each other while combining into a granusirable in redients.

lar composition. This resulting compost tion may readily be stored and shipped in wooden barrels without requiring unusual precautions, and may readily be dissolved to afford a solution containing highly de- The resulting solution mayjthen eused for 'a number of difierent Cross Kererence powerful pre masses steps in ordinary bleaching, with a decided eaten llllU'Un saving of time. For example, with the ingredients proportioned as above, we require only about 3 ounces per gallon of water for making a solution suitable for use in the bleaching of gray goods, and we have found thatmerely soaking the gray goods in this tepid solution for as minutes is fully equivalent to the prolonged moist heaping and subsequent hours of lime-boiling heretofore employed; Also, that this preliminary treatment reduces the required. amount of chemicking, and that the substitution of the same liquor for the later lime-boiling solution reduces the time needed for this boiling from 12 to 14 hoursto less than three. Consequently, we are able to reduce the entire bleaching process to a small fraction of the time heretofore required, thereby greatly increasing thev output for a given size of bleaching equipment, as more fully disclosed in our copendmg application for a patent on bleaching processes, filed January 31,1918 as Serial No. 214736.

"Of course, it will be understood that the amount of the composition used may be Varied according to the weight or counts of the goods, though we have found that the balancing of the ingredients and their uniform distribution in the solution enables us to employ the same solution with widely varying goods without injury to the fabric. Moreover, we do not wish to be limited. either to the above mentioneduse of our new composition, nor to the precise composition above in icat ed. For example, caustic potash' might" be substituted for the caustic soda, and acid sulfate of sodium might be used instead of the niter cake which is not whollycomposed of the latter. Likewise, the mixture of ingredients, substantially; as above described, might be employed for pther purposes where it is desirable to combine the distinctive action of two or more of the ingredients. Neither do we wish to be limited to the dry and granular form of our new composition, as. the same might be' stored and shipped in concentrated solution, and diluted as neded for various purposes. Nor again, do we wish to be limited to the proportions mentioned above, although we have found these satisfactory for textile bleaching purposes. That is to say,- an

aqueous solution of the resulting composi-T tion serves admirably instead of the soda ash and caustic soda boiling heretofore used,

as it not only attacks the gums and the like without impairing the strength of the fabric,

but also softens and loosens'motes and similar vforeign matter or woody. substances;

likewise, it affords a thorough cleansing without requiring the use of soap, and (-presumably owing to its fluorid content) is a minary for the acid and a chlorin baths, so that the subsequent souring and chemicking can be efiected much more speedily than with the heretofore customary use of a caustic or soda ash boil followed by a lime boil.

l/Ve claim as our invention:

1. Fhe chemical composition made by the intermingliiig ofafluorid, a hydroxid and an acid sulfate of an alkali metal While in a nearly dry state.

2. The textile and fiber treating composition which has at its initial ingredients a fluorid of an alkali metal, a. hydroxid of-an alkali metal, and an acid sulfate of an alkali metal.

3. The chemical composition made by the interminglingof a fluorid of an alkali metal with relatively greater quantities of a hydroxid of an alkali metal and of an acid salt of an alkali metal, all in a nearly dry state.

at. The solid and substantially stable chemical composition made by the reaction on each other of three ingredients intermingled in solid and nearly dry state, namely a fluorid of an alkali metal, a larger quantity of the hydroxid of an alkali metal, and a still larger quantity of an acid sulfate of an alkali metal.

5. The substantially stable and solid composition made by the nearly dry intermingling of niter cake with the fluorid of an alkali metal and with the hydroxid of an alkali metal.

gling of niter cake, caustic soda and sodium 7. The textile and fiber treating composition made by intermingling commercial sodium fluorid, commercial niter cake and caustic soda.

8. A liquor for treating fiber or textiles, comprising an aqueous solution of the chemical composition formed by intermingling three solid salts of an alkali metal, namely a fluorid, a hydroxid and an acid salt.

9. A liquor for treating fibers or textiles, comprising an aqueous solution of the chemical composition formed by intermingling niter cake, caustic soda and sodium fluorid.

10. A liquor for treating fiber or textiles, comprising an aqueous solution of the chemical composition formed by intermingling niter cake, caustic soda and sodium fluorid, the amount of the caustic soda being intermediate that of the other two ingredients.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 6th day of December, 1917.

RICHARD B. KADISH. THEODORE W. BUSCHER.