US1323304A - Best available copxi - Google Patents

Description

L. MAUCLAIRE. ELECTRICAL ARCING DE-VICE ron LIGHTING AND mranauPnou APPUCAHON man ARR. 22. ms. 1,323,304. 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

t J 4 L L u. R I, P 13 Mofor Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

L. MAUCLAIRE.

ELECTRICAL ARCING DEVICE FOR' LIGHTING AND INTERRUPT ION.

APPLICATION FILED man. I916.

1,323,304. Patented Dec. 2,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fly-4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS MAUCLAIB-E, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRICAL ABCENG DEVICE FOR LIGHTING AND INTEBBUP'I'ION.

Specification 0! Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

Application filed April 22, ms. Scrlal No. 98,020.

ing Devices for Lighting and Interruption,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention has or its subject an arc lamp wherein the are which passes between the two electrodes is a rotary arc of constant length, because one of the electrodes is a disk having a central opening, at the center of which is dis osed the rod of carbon which constitutes t e other electrode. Various advantages result from the rotation of the are which passes between the two'elec trodes: deposits of carbon cannot form at any one point of the central circle of the disk electrode because the arc does not stop at any one point but always continues to turn. As the arc does not stop it can be said that its illuminating action extends uniformly over the whole of the circular area of the openin formed in the disk electrode. The point 0 incandescence of the end of the carbon rod is not always at'the same place, as the arc is not localized, and the consequence of this is that the bri htness of the crater at the extremity of t e carbon electrode is kept constant so rendering the light which is emitted absolutcl constant and regular. -The central elec e which is usually formed of a rod of carbon although it may be of other suitable conducting material, is moved forward progressively in proportion as it is used up, while the other electrode which is a disk of material that is a good conductor of electricitypreferably of metal such as copper is relatively fixed. The end of the electrode formed of the carbon rod is normally maintained at the center of the central openin of the disk electrode. It is onl durin t 0, starting of the are that the car on to is displace out of its central position and is brought into contact with some point around the circular o enin of the metallic electrode in order to c ose t e circuit: when the arc has been formed the central carbon electrode is drawn back from the point of contact with the metallic electrode, and then it takes its place at the center of the circular electrode where it remains so that the luminous point of the arc is always kept constantly centered at the same place. The electric are which passes between the annular metallic the central section and a front elevation part] I is to be understoo disk and the central rod of carbon will turn so to say about the central point solely on account of the fact that the end of the carbon is 'at'the center of the metallic electrode: but special means are provided as hereinufter'set forth in order to insure the rotation of the electric are around the end of rod,ijand to accentuate this rotatlon.

.The circular disk electrode is hollow and water or other cooling fluid is caused to circulate through it in older to prevent this electrode from -attaining a high temperature.

Tbe'lamp may be regulated b hand, the carbon electrode being advance in pro rtion as it is used up: as an alternative met iibd a regulator may be disposed at the back of the apparatus in order to efl'cct-automatically the advancement of the central carbon electrode as it is used u In the accompanying awings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the rotary arc lamp having a constantly centered luminous point and embodying this invention.

' Fig. 2 is a front elevation from the side of the electrodes.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1' illustrating the central rod of carbon or positive electrode in an operative position.

Fi 5 is a transverse section on the line M M of Fig. 1 and Figs. 6 and 'i are respectively a diametric broken away of the circular disk clectro e which constitutes the negative electrode.

Fig. 8 is a view in cross-section of the non-combustible electrode with a sinuous eferring now to the drawings which illustrate by way of example one practical construction accordin to the invention, but it that the invention is not limited to the precise construction as hereinafter set forth. In this construction the disk electrode A, which may be of metal such as copper or of other good electrical conductin material, carbon and so forth, consists 0 an annular chamber, a the front wall of which-maybe pressed forward slightly toward its inner circumference while the rear wall is pressed forward to a much greater extent so as to meet the front wall at an acute angle.

disk electrode A is therefore conical in form expanding from the annular ridge at the front toward the rear in this case. i The disk electrode ,is inserted and held within a ringshaped casing B being clamped within the same against a shoulder by means of an internal nut C and with washers m, n, of lead, rubber or other suitable material at each side of the disk electrode A where it is clamped in place. The iinternal nut C is screwed up by means of a key en agingin notches a, at its end or internally t erein, or in anyloth'er suitable way. The ring-shaped memberB surrounding the disk electrode A is hollow and formed with passage ways for admitting the coolin liquid and allowing it to' flow-out. The ho 0w space in the ringm'embenB communicates with the interior a olE- the, disk electrode Aaround the circumfererice' thereof, the disk electrode A having thiiif lwalls, between which at its outer circu'mference isinserted a rin j of reinforcing material perforated radially with holes k which open on the one side into the interior of the disk electrode A and on the other side into the hollow space of its su porting ring member B (see Figs. 6 and 7 The ring member B surrounding the disk electrode A has a number of. projecting pieces or blocks 6 around-the bac thereof, by means of which it is secured to a support or base D at the rear, for example by screws passing through a flange in the base Dand into the projecting blocks 6 on the ring member. Insulating distance pieces or washers 0 may be interposed between the projecting pieces I) of the ringmember B and the base. These projections insure that there is a large open space between the ring member and the base through which the air can circulate.

The upper and lower projections or blocks 1) on the ring member B are made hollow and communicate with the hollow interior of the said member in order to provide for the circulation of the cooling liquid. This liquid, for example, may enter through a socket or nipple d in the upper projection,

flowing through the passage e into the interior of the ring member B, circulating through the annular hollow space a of the disk electrode A and flowing out through the passage f in the lower projection or block at the back of the ring member. It

flows out through a joint member g of insulating material into a hollow space It in the base D or back portion of the lamp, flowing out of the same ultimately through a socket or nipple i at the top. Pipes may be connected in any suitable way to the inflow and outflow nipples (i and i for maintaining the circulation of the liquid.

The positive electrode E of carbon or the like, is in the form of a rod held in a sleeve F rigidly attached to or forming part of a pressed inward movingl milled head G adapted to be manipulated by hand. A screw 21 passin into the milled head G'may secureit to t e sleeve F. The front end 0 of the sleeve F is expanded in the form of a collar which may be slightly coned so that when drawn back it will fit in a correspondingly coned guiding tube ;0 projecting inward into an aperture at the center of the-hollow base D of the lamp, and secured to or forming part of a disk which is engaged against the back of the iase D. A spring R arran ed between an internal flange r at the bac of'the uiding tube ;0 or its supporting disk and t e frontof the milled head G on the cove Ftends to draw back the sleeve F causing its slightly conical collar 0 to center itself in the correspondingly slightly coned guiding tube p. The

backward movement of the sleeve F is limited by means of an annular projection or collar-s on it of less diameter than the interior of the guiding tube, and which comes against the flange r at the back of the tube p in the limiting position.

The carbon electrode E is carried forward when the milled head G is pushed forward for lighting the lamp, in consequence of'tlie pressure exerted on the carbon rod by two little balls 6 working in grooves or slots in the milled head G and in the tube F therein, and pressed inwardly by means of sprin s 'u held by screws 11 inserted from the outsi e. The rear end of the carbon rod E is pressed forward'through the sleeve F and between the spring-pressed balls I in order to feed or advance it in the sleeve F asitsend is used up in the burning of the lamp, but otherwise the friction due to the halls t is sufficient to prevent the carbon rod E from being displaced in its supporting sleeve.

In starting the lamp the milled head G is forward the sleeve F and the electrode E eldtherein: the collarp on the end of the sleeve passes out of the guiding tube 11 andout of the openinat the center of the base D of the lamp, a as the sleeve F is then no longer guided it cants toward one side or another,

the carbon rod'E into contact with the inner circumference of the disk electrode A at one pointthereof. The electric circuit is thus closed, the current flowing through a lead a: secured to'the base D of 'the-lam through the sleeve F and the carbon rod the disk electrode A with which the rod E is momenthus bringing A v the current "in the surrounding coil passes between the end of the rod E and the inner edge of the disk electrode A the latter forming the negative terminal.

' It has been expl ined in the introduction to this specification that the electric are which has been formed will turn around thepoint or end of the carbon electrode E being maintained between this and the inner edge of the disk electrode A, This turning of the electric are around the central .point must not be a inatter of any uncertainty however, on the contrary 'it must be absolutely insured. A continuous and constant' rotation of the electric arc-is desired, and in order to insure this thei'ing member B is.

wound with a coil H comp ing several turns of large-section wire. ;'Fliis coil H- is fed by the same current which is supflied the throu h the terminals to the are an coil may be in series with the are. If the lamp is to work with a current of 15 ampers it may be suflicient for the coil H to have 7 and 8 turns of wire of large cross-section. The number of turns may be variedhowever aceordingto the desired rapidity of-rotation of the, arc.

As has, been stated already, the eoil H member.

which is disposed around the ring concentrically with the disk electrode A and with the central carbon electrode E has the eflect of insuring the rotation of the electric arc in one direction.- If the direction of flow of the current through the coil reversed,the direction of rotation of the arc is reversed also. Means may be provided for cha 'ng over the connections of the termin iils of the coil for this pu An alternative or additional method of insuring the rotation of the arc is to cause the central electrode E to turn by mechanical means, as indicated in Fig. 3 by pulley: P, belt Q, [pulle R, and motor T;as for instance by an electric motor or by an other motor, by a spring or otherwise. e two methods of causing relative rotat on of the arc maybe combined, and for exaiiiple the central electrode E may be turned mechanically in one direction, while the electric are scribing witnesses.

is caused to turn in the reverse direction by the action of a magnetic field develo Tho electric arc may thus be given a movement in relation to the central electrode E which has such an electrode.

"thegight but only the variations of the cur- Involrder'to cool the-disk electrode water 'mayfbe used or any other suitable 1i uid, particiflarly petroleum which is a g insulato'ri; which wets very efi'ectively the surfaei copper, thus giv' the-this metal. Ins of using such a liquid-j diowever, air or other gas under premurainay .be employed for coolingpurposes. :-.1 v

a The inner edge of the disk electrode ma have a wa or sinuous contour, whic would have e effect of an enting the action hereinbefore describerf Fig. 8' shows Claims excellent 0011- v '1. An are lighting device comprising an annular DOIbOOIIlbllStlblfl electrode and a second combustible electrode within-"the space of said annular .electrode, a' n ct coil ad'a ted to producea magnetic orce for rota the are between said electrodes, and mechanical means for producing mtation of an electrode. a

2. An arc lighti device comprising an annular noncombustible electrode and a secondcombustible electrode within the space of said annular electrode, and' means for supporting'said second electrode said support comprising a tapered holder and ,a tapered socket piece within which said tared holder is adapted to fit, said holder ing displaceable longitudinally in the socket piece thereby permitting tilting of said electrode on its axis to approach the annular electrode and strike the arc.

In -whereof, I have hereunto signed my namein-the presence of 'two sub- Cms. Inseam, REM BU I'DY.

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