US1309803A - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

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CHEN OWETI-I HOUSUM, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN ASSIGNOR T0 ALLIS-CI-IALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 15, 1919.

Application filed December 11, 1915. Serial No. 66,646.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CuuNown'rrr HousUM, a citizen of the United btates, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of WVisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Condensers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of steam condensers and particularly to improvements in jet condensers of the high vacuum type.

An object of the invention is to provide a condenser which is simple in construction and eflicient in operation. One of the more specific objects of the invention is to provide a jet condenser of the high vacuum type in which the injection water is uniformly distributed in the condensing zone toproduce rapid and efficient condensation of the steam. Another object is to provide an efficient jet condenser in which the injection water is effectively delivered into and distributed in the condensing zone by gravity. A further object is to provide a high vacuum jet condenser which will retain maximum efiiciency throughout a considerable range of operating conditions.

A clear conception of an embodiment of the invention may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section through a jet condenser having the invention applied thereto.

F ig. 2 is a top view of the inner casing which forms the condensing zone of the condenser.

The condenser generally comprises essentially a vertical cylindrical outer casing 6 having a steam inlet 1 at the upper end thereof, a water inlet 2'at the side thereof near the top of the casing, an air outlet 3 somewhat below the water inlet 2, and a water outlet, not shown, near the lowerend of the casing. While the casing 6 is disclosed as comprising a separate base and several detachable sections, this construction is not essential. The inner casing 5 comprises a perforated annular upper wall forming a condensing zone and having a downwardly extending constrictedportion forming an outlet 4L leading from the, condensing Z0116- e m 'p n f the casing ,5 is

provided with a flange 23 which engages an upper surface of the casing 6 and forms a support for the inner casing 5. An annular vertical wall 15 is formed integral with the flange 23 of the casing 5 and formsan annular water distributing pocket surrounding the perforated upper end of thecasing 5.

.The annular upper wall of the casing 5 is provided with several circular series of perforations or orifices 12,13, 14, arranged one series above the other and openin directly into-the condensing zone. The ori ces 12 of the upper series are preferably made somewhat larger and fewer in number than those of the intermediate series 13, while the orifices 13 of the intermediate series are somewhat larger and may be either fewer in number than or of like number as the orifices l-L of the lowermost series. The orifices of adjacent series are preferably arranged out of vertical alinement with each other, giving them a staggered relation to each other. While the form of the invention disclosed embodies three series of orifices, there may be any number of these series, preferably more than 2. The upper extremity of the perforated annular wall of the casing 5 is provided with a series of inwardly extending open troughs 11, which in the present disclosure are arranged substantially radially. Each of these troughs is provided with lower perforations or orifices 18 opening directly into the condensing zone. The troughs 11 are preferably arranged out of vertical alinement with the adjacent orifices 12 of the casing 5. The orifices 12, 13, 14, and troughs 11 are preferably made of such size and number that each series will tend to deliver substantially the same amount of water to the condensing zone that an adjacent series delivers.

The steam inlet 1 of the casing 6 is arranged in line with the upper open portion of the casing 5, thus also serving as an inlet to the condensing zone. The water inlet 2 connects with an annular passage 19 which surrounds the annular wall 15 of the casing wardly from the cover of the: casing 6 and forms an annular-air pocket at the extreme upper end of the condenser. The constricted lower portion of the casing .5 which forms the outlet 4, projects downwardly into the '5. The annular baffle wall 16 extends downcollection chamber at the bottom of the easing 6, to a point below the air outlet 3. The

casing 6 and constricted outlet portion of the casing 5 coact to form an annular air pocket 10 for non-condensable vapors, which communicates directly with the air outlet 3. The air .pocket 10 is connected with the air pocket 21 at the upper end of the condenser by means of one or more pipes 17.

Suitable water discharge pumps 7 which maybe one or more in number depending upon the sizeof the condenser, are mounted in thelo wer portion of the casing 6 and are driven by a power shaft 8 mounted in bearings 20 located one at each side of the casing 6. Thesepumps 7 are adapted to discharge from the condenser the mixture of water of condensation, non-condensable vapors and condensing water which is delivered to the lower portion of the casing 6 through the outlet A suitable vacuum breaker 9, which may beof any of the well known types, either manually or automatically operated, is provided at one side of the casing 6.

' During normal operation of the device, the exhaust steam flowing at high velocity is admitted to the condensing zone within the casing 5 through the steam inlet 1. The 111- jection water admitted throughthewater inlet 2 flows around the annular distributing passage 19 and into the space directly adjacent the, perforated wall of the casing 5. As the injection water flows through the orifices 12, 13, 14, and the troughs ll, it is delivered by gravity into' the condensing zone in the form of streams. Some of the water passing through the troughs 11 is precipitated directly into the condensing zone through the orifices 18, while that portion of the water passing through the troughs which is unable to pass through the orifices 18, is delivered over the inner ends of the troughs 11 to the central portion of the condensing zone. Asv the steam admitted through the inlet 1' passes downwardly through the condensing zone, it is compelled, due to the staggered arrangement of the troughs 11 and orifices 12, 13, 14,'to take a circuitous path between the streams deliveredfrom the orifices and troughs. Dueto the great number and the staggered relation of the streams of water admitted to the condensing'zone, the steam is quickly condensed and the mixture of Water and noncondensable vapor is delivered to the chamber at the lower end of the casing 6 through the outlet 4. The mixture of water and non-condensable vapor thus delivered to the lower chamber of the casing 6 through the outlet 4, is discharged fromv the casing 6 by the pumps 7. Some ofthe non-condensable vapors es- 10" from which they are the air outlet 3.

Withdrawn through The provision of the walls 15, 16, insures perfect distribution of the injection water to all portions of the condensing zone and prevents local injection of greater portion of the water at the inlet side of the casing 5. The air pipes 17 permit ready Withdrawal by the air pump of any noncondensable vapors which may gather in the pocket 21. The portion of the casing 5 which forms the outlet 4 is preferably so formed that the streams of water delivered through the orifices 14, substantially follow the contour of this portion of the casing. Due to the dilierence in head upon the water delivered through the troughs 11 and orifices 12, 13, 14, respectively, it Will be noted that the streams delivered through the 'orifices 1-4 of the lower series will tend to pass inwardly to a greater extent than those delivered from the upper orifices. In order to prevent excessive inward travel'and resulting violent impact of these streams upon each other, the lower portion of the inner perforated annular wall or the casing 5 is formed do .vn

wardly diverging, tending to deliver the lower streams into the condensing zone in a direction along the adjacent surfaces of the wall forming the outlet 4. The streams delivered through the intermediate orifices 13 will be projected nearer the center of the condensing zone than those delivered through the orifices 12. In order to prevent the formation of a dead space adjacent the up per end of the condensing'zone, into which no condensing water is delivered, the troughs 11 are brought inwardly to a considerable extent; The provision of orifices '18 inthe troughs 11 produces vertical streams otwater which pass downwardly between the falling streams delivered from the orifices '12,

13,and tend to expose the infiowing steam v to a maximum amount of cooling water surface.

It may be desirable under certain conditions of operation to reduce the quantity of injection Water. This may readily be done by decreasing the supply entering the cham ber 19 through the water inlet 2. The'quantity of waterthus admitted may be varied to a considerable extent without necessarily reduclng'the efficiency of the condenser. In

full load, substantially the same quantity of cooling water is entering the condensing "zone through each series of orifices.

' While the troughs 11 have been disclosed as formed integral with each other, it would to form these as individual troughs secured to thecasing 5, or to form the same in any other desirable manner. It shouldbe'understood that it is not desired tobe 'lii irited to ,be within the scope ofthe present invention the exact details of construction shownand described, for obvious modifications will ocour to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent,

1. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, the orifices of an upper series being larger than those of a lower series, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said orifices, and an outlet from said casing.

2. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, the orifices of an upper series being fewer in number than those of a lower series, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said orifices, and an outlet from said casing.

8. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, the orifices of an upper series being larger and fewer in number than those of a lower series, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said orifices, and an outlet from said casin 4. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, a plurality of troughs extending into said zone, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said orifices and said troughs, and an outlet from said casing.

5. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having a plurality of orifices opening into said zone, a plurality of troughs extending into said zone, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting. water into said zone through said orifices and said troughs, and an outlet from said casing.

6. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having a plurality of orifices opening into said zone, a plurality of troughs each having a plurality of orifices opening into said zone, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said casing and trough orifices, and an outlet from said casin 7. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, the I orifices of successive series being out of ver tical alinement with each other, a plurality of troughs extending into said zone, said troughs being out of vertical alinement with adjacent casing orifices, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said orifices and said troughs, and an outlet from said casing.

8. In combination, a casing forming a condensing zone and having superposed series of orifices opening into said zone, the orifices of successive series being out of vertical alinement with each other, a plurality of troughs extending into said zone, each of said troughs having a plurality of orifices opening into said zone and said troughs being out of vertical alinement with adjacent casing orifices, a steam inlet for said casing, means for injecting water into said zone through said casing and trough orifices, and an outlet from said casing.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is affixed hereto.

CHEN OWETH HOUSUM.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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