US1309236A - Internal combustion engine power plant - Google Patents

Description

C. F. BATT. INTERNAL comusnow ENGlNE POWER PLANT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. B. 1915.

muted July 8, y1919.

2 SHtETS-SHEET l.

5345 @is @In C. F. BATT.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWER PLANT. APPLICATION FILED JAN. a. 191e.

l @$92356 Pmen'te July 8, 1919.

2 sHtETs-SHEET 2'.

Tige 53 a" simplicity oi i l fi naar,

nasoq To all wwm it may concern:

Be it known tliat l, @nannies citizen oi tbe United States, resident and Wliose post-onioe` address is 327 dererson avenue, in the borough oi lroolrlyn, city and State oi New York, have invented certain new and useul improvements in lnternal-Combustion-Engine Power llantst which the iollowing is a description, relierence being bad to tile drawings torn/ ring a b ereota lvly invention relates to prima niovers and rnore particularly to internal combustion enginas, and, in a particular iorni, tlie application tor advantageous propulsion o vebioles, or in other cases wliere tiie power plant is transported with the vehicle requiring tlie power, or in other applications and uses as will be apparent. The adaptability of the construction it is apparent will be suitable tor traction wbeels or tractors, all oli which corne vvitlfiin tbe general class oi2 vehicles, although they may be used ior plowing, harrowing or rnany otlier kinds o worin ln its commercial iorm iny invention has avvide i'ield or application as an entire and separate unit adapted to ineet a great variety o' conditionsa among the various objects are to be noted compactness et construction, directness and application oi tlie power tlie engine te the driven elements, other advantages as will appear roni this specilisation7 f ln the accompanying drawings l have shown a speoii'ic embodiment oi iny invention in an axle suitable biles, `in which the cylinders reciprocate Within the axle ndusing and longitudinally with respect to the axle, delivering their power to the centrally located axle members,

This motor is a further development oi the principle embodied by ine in one i'orrn in application tiled December 2l, i910, Seria No. 598,662, in which the form or rnotor was more particularly'directed to its use as a stationary type with fixed foundations and in which fixed abutments resulted in movable pistons. ln the present type a sbalit is caused torevolve while thefcylinders remain stationary, lying parallel with the sliat and radially about 1t, in order that tbe intake and exhaust arrangements may be more readily provided fon i ln the particular torni shown in the ad 'for use for autornocompanying drawings and lierea'liter fully describasliows a part longitudinal sectono tlfie arde.

i* ig. il a side elevation of tbe central part oi tlie axle.

l is a section at lill-dll of Fig. li.

Fig'. lll is a transverse section at tne iniddle of axle.

ig. "if is a section at l/T-l, Fig. J..

is a section on the airis o one end of tne axle tlirougli tlie transmission ineenanisrn.

ln Fig. l tlie axle housing l is sbovvn partly in longitudinal section, vvitli the iinal axle drive rneinber 2 projecting at tlie right-hand end Wliioli is-conneoted to the liub oi a road Winni, preterably in the usual manner, by a cluteli on tne outside or tlie hub. 'in this construction tlie axle hub would be carried on bearings on tlie end 3 o the housing, ivliicn is termed as a reduced portion of the iiousing cap or end L, secured by bolts 5 to tlie rnain portion or" tne housing The iniddle seetion of the housing G carries various elements et tlie engine, and centrally supports the ineebanisin to convert tlie axially reciprocating; leisten motion into a rotary motion oi' tbe axially central drive sbatte '2-7 Tie liousing l supports tne springs in any usual manner, and through tiiein, or other rneinbers Wnicli inay be distance rods or radius rods, tlie reaction oi tlie drive sliatt is transmitted to tlie iiraine or the venicle. 4

rllie engine comprises essentially the two opposed cylinders, formed by interior surfae oi3 the liousing at 8, in which are pistons 9, the lieads l@ oi: which nave a cen- 'tral liole and flange ll itting around the tubular valve stein l2. 'l`lie valve stern l2 nas a collar 13, with a series of periorations le, shown more particularly in Fig. lll, While the collar i3 has a sliding lit on the shaft section 7 and abuts against the spring l5, which engages in turn a portion of tlie central stationary block. The valve 'nead 16 engages a seat i7, secured to the cylinder bead 1%, and has perforations 19. Suitable piston rings, interior and exterior, may be used as indicated? Exhaust ports are shown at 20.-

The `pistons lare Connected by the yolre 2l, leaving; bearing plates 22 and a yoke cap 23, in which a cranlr pin 24%. engages to mainlos tain operative relation between the yoke and the crank 25, which is integral or suitably connected with the bevel gear wheelI 26, adapted to rotate on the stud 27, being held thereon by a suitable nut, as shown. 'A duplicate of the gear 27, is on the opposite side of the axis of the driving shaft with a. duplicate of crank, crank pin and engaging yoke, which yoke forms on that side the connection between the abutting ends of the pis-- tons. So arranged both pistons move back and forth at the same time and in the same direction, being rigid with the two yokes, and by their engagement with the pins on the cranks, the cranks are turned with each motion of the piston.

The central block which forms an anchorage for the center of the transmission mechanism between the piston and the drive shaft sections, also forms the middle section of the axle housing, and embodied in this there is built-up the following mechanism. vrlihe shell or the main casing 6, has interiorly the block 30, which is held in place by the sleeve 31,' and on the intake side by the sleeve 32, while two complementary blocks 33, are bolted together by bolts 34, having at either end sleeves 35 screwed or otherwise secured to them, projecting a suiiicient distance to engage the interior of the pistons at the extreme of their stroke. l

Before assembling the blocks 33, there is placed on their interior the bevel gears 36 which may be supported by suitable bearings on the blocks. The hubs of said gears are fashioned with jaws which engage the sleeve 37, which is formed with clutch jaws on either end to engage either one or the other of said gears, to drive shafts 7-7 in either direction. Sleeve 37 may be in a disengaged or neutral position with respect to either of the bevel gears 36, and at the same time the sleeve 37 having a squared interior engages both abutting ends of the drive shaft sections 38.l To operate sleeve 37 for engagement and disengagement at its ends with the bevel gears, a collar 39 is operated by an eccentric pin on the control rod 40, operated by a rack rod 41, engaging the pinion 42.

On the opposite side of. the central housing 6, is a gas intake 43, secured by a removable cap 44, inclosing valves 45 on either side of a central partition 46, which partition diverts the incoming gases in opposite directions to the two cylinders respectively, through the ports 47.

The operation of the engine, it will now be seen, is effected by the introduction of gases through the intake 43, from any suitable carbureter, or other source, the gases passing through the valve 45 and port 47 reach the inner side of the piston 9. With the power stroke of the piston, that is the piston Inoving toward the central section of the axle,

4valve is allowing the new recense rior of the head of the piston. The continued motion of the engine, which at this point meansan explosion in the opposite piston, then drives the first-mentioned piston on its return toward the head of the cylinder, whereupon the spring 15 insures the closing of the tubular valve on its seat 17 and the further motion compresses the charge in the cylinder head or explosion chamber, and at a suitable time the ignition 'by means of a spark plug 48, is elected causing the explosion and commencement of another power stroke.

Vhen the outward movement of the piston has almost reached its limit and the engagement of the collar 13 takes place, the head' 10 of the piston has reached a point where the exhaust ports 2O are opened, and the inert gases then pass out, and as shown in the drawings, exhaust into the air,- although any other suitable connections to conduct the exhaust away may be used. At the time of the exhaust however, the inlet gases, compressed crank chamber, to pass through the valve into the cylinder head, which is shown in annular dome shape, so that the fresh gases enter at one end of the cylinder space while the exhaust gases are leaving the other end, which results in a very advantageous scavenging, particularly as the, annular central inlet. valve from which the gases pass toward the head wall or dome of the cylinder, insures a motion of the'incoming gases to produce most effective scavengmg.

Many changes may be made with respect to cooling of the cylinder head, and waterjackets may be applied in the usual manso-to-speak, into the ner to the outside ofv the cylinder or supplementary sleeves, but as described in the particular form herewith illustrated the essntial elements in my combination will be c ear.

The transmission of motion to the axle, it will be seen, is accomplished by the yoke 21 drivin drive t e gear 26, which gears are in mesh with vboth ears l36, and drive them in opposite directlons about the longitudinal axis of the axle, when the clutch 37 is shifted into position, shown in Fig. I, the left-hand gear 36 will drive the sleeve squared ends 38 of the two shaft sections, the drive is transmitted to the shaft section the crank pins 24, which in turn l 37, and from 'the Y s The motion or" the olutol'i meinner ineens@ 7 7, and at their extremity the power is transmitted to the change speed mechanism at each end of the axle housing by means ot clutch it .A transmission gear being at either end ci the axle, only half or" tlie power `troni the engine is transmitted through each oiil the gears, permitting correspondingly smaller sized parts. The transmission, shown in section in Fig. lll., comprises the shell 50, keyed at one end tothe end ot sliai't 7, rlhe stub shalt 5l is keyed to gear 52, and at its other end loosely sleeve 53, which sleeve engages and is movable on the squared end 5s orn the wlieel sliai't 3, surrounding and Jireely moving on the sleeve 53 is the sleeve 55 or tlie clutcli 56, and this clutch member with sleeve 55 may be moved axially by means o'f the collar 5'? its groove into which the eccentric 58 engages, which is t rneol by t -e control stub ysliait 59 and levert@e serves to disengage 55, with its surrounding coniplementary clutch member 5l, which in turn is part et the yolte 52, lbetween the two portions oi' which are tlie planetary pinions in pairs tEd-5e, on the pin-ion sliaits 65. l'inions oei mesli with the central gear 66, which has clutch members 6? on its hub, adapted to be engaged by the ciotolei members at. one abutting extremity Aot sleeve 53.

The end cap t8 oi the sliellill is sen oured in any suitable manner, and has tlie cluteli teeth 59A to engage tlie periphery ci clutch member 55, permit slight axial motion of the clutch member when moved by eccentric pin 58 against the action oi the springs l0. rl"lie end cap 58 is supported in bearings oasi-ed. in end portion e forming the cover 'io-i1 the complete axle housing, and in this manner the shell 50 is supported to rotate in tlie aigle housing.

lt will thus be seen that eccentric pin 58 is moved by means orG lever 6G, so as to withdraw the clutch member 5-, then niembers 6l and 62 will be 'free to rotate with the shafts and supports oia tlie pinions 63 and ofi. ln this relation the drive sliait 5l drives the pinion 52 which is keyed to it and rotates pinions 63, thereby rotating pinions 6e at the same speed, but as the two sets ot pinions have a dierent -number of teeth, and pinion @il engage with gear 66, the latter will 'be `rotated at a diierential speed and by the jaw clutch members 5? it will drive' the sleeve 53, whichyby engagement with the squared end 5s will transmit the rotation to the wheel axle tube and thereby drive' the roadl wheel. lf now. the movement of the clutch member4 el, and thereby the shafts ot the pinions 63 and is interrupted by bringing about a rictional subs' contact between the clutch members 56 and el, the speed transmitted to the gear 66 will be varied and will constantly be increased, the more closely the speed of clutch member 5l approaches the speed or movement or" clutch member 56. 'iliis variation oi speed is thus brought about by varying-,the pressure contact between the clutch members and permitting such slip as may be desired toV eeot the desired speed at any given time. 'llie clutch in tlie :forni shown, as to angularity et contacting suriaces, and in other respects is intended to indicate the character oi the clutch with which such variation oi" pressure can be attained, and at the same time maintain smooth running, without accidental looking ot engaging faces. flien, however, it is desired to operate the road wheels at 'full speed, then the eccentric pin 58 is turned by the lever 50 to a position i-niitting the snrings 7G tol press the clutch members into nrm engagement, and in that condition all the gears and sleeves so looked tu as one, and the eomplete sliell 50 with its internal parts rotutes as a unit, `and the transmission to the wlieel- 2 is ei'iected without the action or anyV gears and tliere'iiore without power loss.

sliown in the drawings, it will be seen the parts may be lmounted on tlieir proper bearings or shafts and assemand vinserted in the casing andin the and locked into position, and tliat may also be disassembled tor inspeetion, replacement or repair with ipaeility, at

saine affording inthe case of transmission completely inolosed housing which be i'illed win lieavy oil or grease to insure smooth running,` and make the mechatially noiseless. in Fig. l iave shown adjustable tiniswitcli in which the members 72 and 73 have engaging contacts in any usual torni,

one oi them Connecting to the leads or spark plugs a8, and the other connecting with the loads roin tlie battery or other source oT ignition current. By means ot lever le, o perated by arm 75 and sliatt T6, supported in the housing, the contaet may be Vvaried to vary the time oi ignition.

lt Jill thus be seen that l embody in a single rear axle unit all oi" the engine, and likewise the transinission,-or, `in other words, the complete driving or power plant for a veliicle. By the arrangement oi parts produce an axle which in shape and size contorni to the permissible arrangement dimensions of present-day practice in automobile construction. l embody therewith an engine which being oi the double opposed type and two-cycle, gives a substantially uniform or continuous torque eiiect, and by the distribution or transmission or" the power direct to either wheel, in each case through a separate transmission, more compact and -smaller parts are made permissible. Vv'ith respect to the power unit, the carrying of the rotating shaft axially through the pistons or through the entire engine, and the means of varying the reciprocating motion of the pistons to the rotary motion of these shafts, afl'ord the many advantages which will be apparent in the practice of my invention.

The transmission aifords a constant variation of speed from a predetermined low to a direct drive, and the same constant variation applies to the reversing by sleeve 37 and lever d0, or the engine is started in the reverse direction by shifting the timing device and giving the engine the initial movement in the direction desired, which may be accom- `plished by means of any suitable starting apparatus attached to the supplementary shaft 77, or to such other part of the engine as may be convenient.

ln any modified form a gear reverse mechanism may be used, while other modifications may be made as to features or types of engine, without departing from the spiritof my invention. The parts in general are cylindrical and interlitting in such a way as to afford facilities of manufacture ,as well as assembly. rlhe position of parts requiring large diameter and space are concentrated at a point in the axle, namely, near the center where the increased diameter aiords the necessary strength required at the middle of a transverse axle housing.

While numerous Variations as to arrangement and dimensions, and modifications of tral axial shaft in said housing and trans-` the elements of my structure, may be made to the embodiment of my invention which l have herein specifically shown and described, my invention is not limited to this particular embodiment, but what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a self-propelled vehicle, a complete powered generating and transmission unit comprising a non-revoluble axle housing, an engine embodied in said axle housing with a portion of the housing shell constituting cylinders for the engine, pistons reciprocating axially within said housing and a cen- Lacasse substantially continuous cylinder, a drive shaft extending axially through said cylinder, transmission mechanism, a housing c'ontiguous with the engine cylinders and sup-v porting lixed axes, gears rotatable on said axes and means connecting the same with the pistons, for the purpose described.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising a double opposed cylinder with reciprocating pistons rigidly interconnected, a yoke on said inter-connection, bevel gearing located within the lateral cylindrical dimensions of said cylinder, and means to operate the same by said yoke for transmitting power to a. shaft.

5. A power unit for an automobile, cornprising a non-revoluble axle housing, an engine constituting a component part of said housing with pistons reciprocating axially in said housing, engaging the internal walls thereof, shafts located axially in said housing and projecting beyond the ends thereof and wheels mounted thereon exterior to the housing, transmission mechanism between the cylinders and the wheels whereby the speed of the wheels at each end of the housing may be varied with respect to the engine.

6. A driving unit for an automobile comprising engine cylinders located axially of the driving axle and forming the axle housing, a mixture intake centrally' located in said axle housing, annular opposed pistons located in said cylinders, tubular inlet valves located axially within said annular pistons and means co-acting with said valves and pistons to automatically admit air to the combustion chamber of said cylinders.

7. A power unit for automobiles, comprising a stationary axle housing, road wheels at opposite ends exterior to said housing, shafts projecting from said road wheels axially into said housing and a plurality of cylinders positioned between the axles and the interior walls of the housing and reciprocating axially therein, and gears on axes iixed with relation to the housing to transmit the reciprocating motion of the pistons to said shafts, and change speed transmission mechanism between the pistons and the road wheels.

8. A power unit having driving and driven shafts, pistons surrounding and moving parallel with the axis of one of saidy shafts and gears cooperating with said members and a yoke operated by said pistons adapted to rotate said gears.

9. A power unit cpnrprising a tubular shell, pistons adapted to operate axially within said shell and a yoke actuated by said pistons located centrally and adapted to reciprocate parallel to the axis of said shell, gearing actuated by said yoke and a driven shaft contained in said shell and operatively connected with said gearing.

soV

i0. iin s 4se'il-propeiie vehicle, an exie housing constituting e sei-propeiied power unitJ including pistons reciprocating Within the Weils of said housing and moving pareile] with the axis of said housing, i driven shaft rotatably supported on the exis ci seid housing and passing through said pistons, gearing shaft supports therefor einbodied in said housing latere-Hy with respect to the driven shaft7 and means eennecting the reciprocating pistons with the gearing `to transmit metion te the driven shaft enfi a ciutcii Within saici housing to control the transmission power from said shaft, ier the purpose described.

in testirnon57 ,vhereo" have signed my naine te this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses, this l? dey of `rcvemieers 191e.

CHARLES F. BATT:

Witnesses iERMAN F, @Anm Rusninone.

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