US1390691A - Polishing or finishing composition - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES OABLMON ELLIS, O1 MON'IOLAIB, NEW JERSEY.

ZOLISKING OR FINISHING COMPOSITION.

80 Drawing.

To allwhomitma con-cam:

Be it known t at 1, Cameron ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, residin at Montclair, in the county of Essex and tate of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Polishing or Finishing Compositions, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention'relates to compositions for polishing or finishing materials or surfaces, such as leather, pa er, varnished wood-work or other varnis ed surfaces, which polishing under some conditions may be accompanied by more or less impregnation of the article under treatment, and to a method of preparing such compositions.

The polishing compositions forming the subject matter of the present case have for their basis, hydrogenated oily material,- which may consist of a single oil hydrogenated to the required titre or may consist of a mixture of such oils so hydrogenated, with or without other materials such as waxes, fatty materials, talc or other mineral filler capable of producing or adding to the luster, or in some instances other solid materials of an abrasive nature may be added.

The hydrogenated oil to be employed as the basis of the compositions of the presentinvention are preferably hydrogenated (with the employment of a catalyzer, for example according to my Patent 1,217,118) to a rather high titre, since it is ordinarily desired to produce a polishing compositionof much greater stiffness than would be desirablein the production of edible fatty material. As examples of the oils to be treated, I mention cottonseed oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil, castor oil, linseed oil,

' Chinese wood oil, fish oil, whale oil, cod oil,

menhaden oil, soy bean oil, sesame oil, olive oil, or oleins or various normally semi-solid to solid oils such as lard or tallow, oleo stearin or various other fats or fatty acids, or mixtures of such materials with each other or with cocoanut oil or palm oil or the like, which materials are hydrogenated for example up to a fatty acid titre of 0., more or less. The fatty oil when so hydrogenated may be directly blended with other materials such as hydrocarbons, fats and waxes, for example araflin, ceresin, carnauba wax, beeswax, ontan wax and the like. Such a mixture of hydrogenated oil and waxes, either with or without suit- Speclflcatlon of Letterl Patent. Patented Sept, 13, 1921. Application filed October 9; 1917. Serial No, 195,558.

able coloring matter may be used directly as shoe dressings, furniture polishes, floor polish or the like, or turpentine or other diluent can be added thereto.

In some instances it is advisable to hydrogenate the waxes more or less, particularly those of the waxes which are of animal or vegetable origin, which operation may be conducted separately or in a state of admixture with the oil or oily material. The hydrogenation of the wax removes the sticky or tacky nature of the wax and hardens the same suflicientl to roperly resist heel marks'and the like w en used as a floor polish, and moreover by reducing the tackmess, the tendency of the floor wax to collect and retain dust and dirt is reduced. This hydrogenation is also effected in the presence of a catalyst, for exam 1e in accordance with the procedure descri ed in my U. S. Patent No. 1,217,118.

As examples of the procedure involving the hydrogenation of mixed products includmg waxes, I mention the hydrogenation of a mixture of one part of beeswax thinned with about one-half to two aid one-half parts of cottonseed oil, corn oil, castor oil,

or more especially linseed oil.

The hydrogenation maybe effected in the presence of solvents such as spirits of turpentine, light or heavy benzin, or coal tar naphtha, whlch may be used in amount equal to from 2 to 5% of the fatty or waxy material, or mixed fat and wax, if the mixture is to be used. A preferred solvent con sists ofa mixture of gasolene and turpentine in about equal proportions.

Japan wax may be employed with various oily materials, either with or without other waxes. However parafiin wax, ceresin wax or ozocerite are preferably not employed in very large quantities in mixtures of this character, since they usually have an undesirable efi'ect in diminishing the polishing properties of the composition. These waxes are ordinarily substantially saturated compounds and are only slightly affected by hydrogenation, and the'properties are usually not improved by hydrogenation. In some instances however, when a wax finish without the property of producin gloss by rubbin is desirable, a substantia roportion 0 ceresin or paraflin may be a dad to the composition, either before or after the hydrogenation treatment.

Montan wax, particularly in conjunction with Japan wax, serves as an. excellent addition to polishing compounds.

In the preparation of polishing compositions, the proportion of wax to hardened oil may varywithin wide limits, and the proportions above stated are given merely for the purpose of illustration.

I For the finishing of paper, hardened oil, (i. 0. hard hydrogenated oil of high melting point) either alone or with other materials added thereto,.gives a high finish and an even surface, which is not subject to the objection of becoming cloudy or dull under certain atmospheric conditions, and paper treated therewith does not acquire a rancid oil smell, and thereby become objectionable. In addition to compositions which serve merely for use as polishes by application to the exterior of the article, it is in many cases advisable to partially impregnate the article with the oily material. As examples of this I mention the stufling of leather, such as harness leather or the like, for example by hydro enating fish oils, such as menhaden, cod oi or animal fats, or mixtures of such materials, and in connection therewith I call attention to the desirability of removing sulfur from such oils, preferably before the hydrogenation treatment. The said oils can be hydrogenated to any degree necessary, for exampleto a lard-like consistency or to a tallow-like' consistency, or even to a very brittle product resembling chalk in physical appearance and character. Such a product can be ground up in a mortar like chalk. For ordinary leather stuffing operations, menhaden or cod oil or mixtures thereof, hardened to a melting point of about 125 F. is suitable. Animal fats such as stearin having a fatty acid content of more than 2% are liable to spue or cause a bloom on the surface of the leather and are regarded as objectionable for that reason. Hardened oils according to the present invention, or mixtures of hardened oils, particularly with the acidity of the oil reducedto below 2%, even to neutrality, and having a'melting point of about 125 F., have been found to give excellent results in stufiing leather.

The present invention is in part a continuation of matter disclosed in my older applications, 808,461 filed Dec. 23, 1913, 123,416 filed Oct. 2, 1916 and 14,524 filed Mar. 15, 1915.

What I claim' is:

1. A polishing composition comprising hard hydrogenated oil and a waxy body.

2. A polishing composition for wooden and similar surfaces comprising hard brittle hydrogenated oil and a solvent therefor.

3. In the treatment of oily and waxy material, the step which comprises reacting with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst, on a mixture comprising a wax and an oil capable of combining with hydrogen.

4. A polishing mixture comprising a plurality of hard brittle hydrogenated oils.

5. A waxy finishing composition comprising an oleaginous mixture of solid bodies, at least one of which is hydrogenated.

6. A polishing composition containing as its essential constituents, co-hydrogenated wax and oil.

7. A polishing composition comprising hydrogenated oil, harder than ordinary tallow, together with other substances capable of serving as polishing materials.

8. A polishin composition comprising a lurality'of hy rogenated oils, at least some of which are substantially harder than ordinary tallow.

In testimony whereof I aflix m si nature.

CARLETO E LIS.