US1389539A - Rock-drill - Google Patents

Description

T. TURNER.

ROCK DRILL.

1 APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, 1913.

1,889,589. Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

WITNESSES wiwwwb 4 TTTTTT EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS TURN OF OTTUMWA, IOWA, ASSIG-NOR- '10 HARDSOGG WONDER DRILL COMPANY, OF OTTUMWA, IOWA.

noon-DRIL Application filed April 4,

specification.

This invention has reference to pneumatic rock drills of the valveless type, and its object is to provide means whereby live air may be used for cleaning the bore, produced by the drill bit, of chips or debris occurring in the drilling operation.

The superiority of the Valveless drill over the valve drill-is well known because of its fewer parts, and for that reason, less breakage and lower cost of upkee as well as economy of air consumption, since the valve type of drills exhausts the aif from each end of the piston both on its striking and return stroke, while in the valveless type, the air that is used to return the" piston is also employed in the striking stroke and is exhausted only from one end of the piston.

My invention is concerned solely with drills of the valveless type.

The invention comprises features whereby the live air is taken directly from a throttle valve down through the Wall of the cylinder of the hammer to a chamber which directly connects with the hollow drill bit andleads into the bore produced bythe bit so as to blow out drill cuttings which interfere with the drilling operation. The construction is such that the blowing out may occur coincidently with the drilling operation or independently thereof, and permits either conwill of the operator.

stant cleaning or occasional cleaning at the To those who are familiar with the difficulty of cleaning out a very deep or muc hole this invention will ap eal at. once. It as been proposed to use ex aust air for this purpose, but it is impossible to get the same results from exhaust air as with live air. cludes certain other features of the structure of the drill as will hereinafter, appear.

. The invention will .be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in. connection with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, with the understanding,

" however, that the invention. is not confined to any strict conformity'with the showing Specification of Letters Patent."

The invention also in- 1918. Serial No. 226,754.

of the drawings but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modi- -fications"mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is an elevation of the drill structure as viewed from the air valve side.-

Fig.2 is a section on. the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, butdrawn on a larger scale.

F ig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of ig. 3* is a section'on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2, distant parts being omitted.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, but'omitting distant parts.

Fig. 6 is a detail elevation of a portion of the drill structure.

h Fig. 7 is a bottom plan view thereof.

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are cross sections of the air valve and adjacent parts illustrating different positions of the valve.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a drill holding yoke. I

Referringto the drawings, there is shown a body member 1 constituting a casing or Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

cylinder for a reciprocatory hammer piston 2. One end of the hammer piston 2 is entered by a rifle member 3 designed to obtain progressive rotation of the hammer piston as The end of the'hammer piston 2 remote from the rifle part 3 is of non-circular'outline,' preferably square, as indicated at 4, particularly in Figs. 3 and 5. The square end 4 of the hammer piston Q'ente'rs an axial square front chamber 5 in one end of a sleeve or bushing 6 mounted in a carrying member 7 forming the drill bit end of the 'drill body.

ixtending lengthwise of the inner walls,

preferably on opposite walls of the frontchamber, 5 aregrooves 8 having a purpose which will hereinafter appear.

The member 7 has formed on or fast to it midway of its length outstanding ears 9 on diametrically opposite sides traversed by guide rods 10 extending lengthwise of the drill body and at the upper ends traversing and fast to other ears 11. At the lower end of the member 7 is an outstanding flange 12 which may be of generally rectangular form, and near opposite corners is provided with recesses 13, two of these recesses being on one side of the flange and two being on the opposite side thereof, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear.

Surrounding the member 7 about the flange 12 is a collar 14 free to slide on the body member 7 and held away from the ears 9 by a coil spring 15 also surrounding the member 7. The collar 14 is provided with diametrically opposite trunnions 16 from which hang the legs 17 of a yoke 18, which yoke, at an intermediate point, is formed into an open eye or loop 19 to embrace a drill bit 20 having a butt end 21 of non-circular shape extending axially through the sleeve 6 and entering the passage or cavity 5. The drill bit has an axial duct 22 extending throughout its length from end to end.

Attached to one side of the body 1 by stud bolts or'screws 23 is a plate 24 having an offset or boss 25 on its outer face, in which offset there is formed a taper seat 26 for a taper valve 27 held in the seat by a screw plug 28 engaging the larger end of the taper valve 27 The small end of the valve has a continuation 29 to which there is applied a manipulating handle 30 whereby the valve may be turned about its longitudinal axis at will.

Extending through the offset or boss 25 is a passage 31 intercepted by the valve 27, and the outer end of the passage is counterbored and screw threaded. as shown at 32, for the reception of a suitable coupling to attach air hose to the drill structure. The inner end of the passage 31 opens through a port 33 into an annular air supplying chamber 34 by means of which air is distributed to other ports 35 communicating with the interior of the hammer piston 2 for the purpose of directing air under pres sure 1n .a manner to cause reciprocation of the hammer piston. Since this action and the structure by means of which it is brought about does not form a part of this invention and is well known, no particular showmg or description thereof is deemed necessary. The exhaust port .of the drill structure is indicated at 36.

The taper valve plug 27 has a port 37 extending diametrically therethrough and one end of this port, as shown at 38, is widened eccentrically relative to the port. Branched off at an acute angle to the port or passage 37 1s another port or passage 39 which joins the port 37 on the side opposite from where the enlargement 38 is provided. Vithin the boss 25 there is formed a duct 40 communicating with a duct 41 in the body of the drill, which duct 41 opens into a distributing chamber 42 also in the body of the drill and communicating by means of the annular channel 42 with the passages 8. The ducts 40 and. 41 form. in effect, a single duct whereby live air may be directed to the distributing chamber 42 and travel therefrom through the channel 42 and the passages 8 to the chamber 5 where it finds ready access to the duct 22 and out through the cutting end of the drill bit.

\Vhen the valve 27 is in the position shown in Fig. 8 the ports 37 and 39 are cut off from the ducts 31 and 40and hence the drill is inactive. \Vhen the valve plug 27 is turned to the position shown in Fig. 3", live air passes directly to the distributing chamber 34 and the hammer piston is caused to reci r rocate in the usual manner, delivering blows to the drill bit and thereby causing the latter to cut into the rock with which it is in engagement. Ultimately the drill hole hecomes more or less filled with chips, dust and other debris which correspondingly reduce the effectiveness of the drill bit. Ifnow the valve plug 27 be moved to the position shown in Fig; 10, live air is cut off fromthe drill piston so that its action will stop, but live air finds its way through the passage 37 which is at'the time cut off from the passage 31, and by the branch passage 39 air enters the duct 40 and passes through the duct 41 into the chamber 42 and flows into the chamber 5 by way of the channel 42" and the passages 8. From the chamber 5 the air passes through the duct 22 and out through the cutting end of the drill bit into the bore formed by the drill bit, thereby blowing out from such bore the cuttings, dust, etc. This cleanses the'bore, thus greatly facilitating the action of the drill bit. The use of live air is particularly efficacious because of the heavy pressure it is under and the vigorous action it has upon the cuttings and other debris, forcibly ejecting such material from the drill hole even when the latter is deep.

If it be desired to maintain the drill bit in action and at the same time blow out the cuttings, etc, the valve 27 is moved to a position similar to that shown in Fig. 9, whereupon live air flows to the interior of the drill structure to operate the reciprocatory piston 2'and at the same time flows to the drill bit to eject cuttings from the drill hole. The relative action of the air for these two simultaneous operations may be regulated at the will of the operator by the adjustment of the valve 27.

The operator has therefore under control the action of the drill in the ordinary manher and either the intermittent cleansing of the drill hole or the continuous cleansing of the drill bit.

The invention is particularly useful in drilling in damp and mucky ground, for

then it becomes necessary to clean out the h0le,otherwise the drill bit would become clogged and stick inthe hole, thus causing considerable diflicultyand delay.- The invention is especially adapted for cleaning out deep holes. It is advantageous to have the hammer piston running in a modified manner while the drilled material accumulating in the hole is being blown out.

vThe manner of mounting the bit retainer spring is advantageous in that there is no possiblity of a mistake in applying the legs 17 to the drill bit, since a l'egmust always engage one or the other of'the recesses 13.

oreover, a double wearing surface is pro vided which arrangement is not found in the ordinary drill. My invention is distinguished from others in that the striking end of the piston is made solid, the air to clean out thedrill hole being carried around the piston end not through the piston as 'in prior art structures.

What is claimed is:-

1 A pneumatic drill having a piston responsive to air under pressure, a drill bit with an air duct leading through it and discharging at the cutting end of the drill bit, a main duct for directing live air to the piston of the drill, a branch'duct connected to the first named duct and leading to the drill bit,'and a manually operable valve for controlling the flow of air to the piston and to the bit, said valve being solid axlally and having a main through transverse port enlarged at one end to communicate with the inlet-end of the main duct, and a branch transverse port leading off from the first named port in acute angular relation to the wide end thereof, the branch po'rt having communication with the branch duct, said valve being operable to bring the first named port into coincidence with the main duct to direct live air to the piston, orto bring the branch port into coincidence with the branch duct to direct live air to the drill bit, or to bring both ports into coincidence with both ducts simultaneously to direct live air to both the piston and the drill, and in the lat- .ter case with the flow of air to the piston reduced. I v

2. A pneumatic drill provided with a main live air duct leading to the piston of the drill,'a live air duct branched from the first named duct in substantially right angular relationthereto and leading to the drill, bit, a valve interposed in the ducts which -valve has a through transverse port expanded at one end eccentrically relative to' the port anda branch transverse port-in acute angular relation to where joining,

gular in the wide end of the first named port, wherey movement of the valve .on its longitudinal axis will first bring the main port into co-incidence with the main duct to direct live air to the piston, then bring both ports into coincidence with both ducts simultaneously to direct live air to both piston and the drill with the amount of air fed to the piston reduced and finally the branch port into coincidence with the branch duct to direct-live air to thedrill bit with said live air shut oil from the piston.

3. In a pneumatic drill of the valveless type, the combination with a cylinder and hammer piston, of a drill bit having a passage therethrough, a chamber at an intermediate point of the cylinder having imperforate walls, said chamber being rectancross section and receiving the front end of the piston which works therein and the rear'end of the drill bit, the front end of the piston being of a shape in cross section to fit the chamber, longitudinal grooves provided in the walls'of the chamber and disposed along the outside of the piston and directly communicating with the passage in the drill bit by means of the chamber, a main live air duct leading from the side of the cylinder to the piston at an intermediate point of the latter, the front portion of the piston being solid,'a branch live air duct leading from the main duct to the said' grooves,- and a valve located at the junction end of the drill bit and the front end of the piston which works therein, longitudinal grooves provided in the walls of the chamber and disposed along the outside of the piston and directly communicating with the passageofthe drill bit by means of the chamber, said piston having itsfront end solid and traversing the front chamber without filling said grooves, a main air duct leading from the side of the cylinder to the piston in rear of the front solid end of the piston, a branch live air duct leading from the main, du'ct in advance of the latter and delivering live air to the grooves arpund the piston, and a valve for controlling the passage of live air to the main and branch ducts. 5. In a pneumatic drill of the valveless type, the combination with a cylinder-and a hammer piston, ofa drill bit having a passage therethrough, said piston having its front end'solid, a main live air duct leading from the side of the cylinder tothe piston in rear of thefront solid end, a branch livel ao 'air duct located in advance of the main liveair duct and leading from said main air duct, means communicating with the branch live-air duct for delivering live air around the front end of the piston directly to the passage of the drill bit, and a valve for controlling the passage of live air to thetmain and branch ducts.

6. A pneumatic drill comprising a casing having a plurality of chambers, including an air supplying chamber, a distributing chamber, and a front chamber, the last two mentioned chambers communicating with each other by means of an annular channel, the side walls of the front chamber having longitudinal grooves which communicate at their rear ends with the distributing chamber by means of said channel, a drill bit provided with a passage therethrough and having its rear end projecting within the front end of the front chamber, the passage in said drill bit communicating with the front ends of said grooves by'means of the front chamber, a hammer piston solid from its front end rearwardly for a portion of its length, said front end being of a shape in cross section to work Within the distributing and front chambers without filling the said grooves or said channel, a main live-air duct leading from one side of the casing to the interior of the piston in rear of the solid front end of the latter, a branch live-air duct leading from the main duct to the distributing chamber, and a manually operated valve for controlling the passage of live air to said ducts.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, have hereto aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS TURNER.

Witnesses:

GEORGE W. ADAMS, F. M. ROGERS.

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