US1384985A - Sylvania - Google Patents

Description

J. B. ANDERSON, J. B. GARNER AND G. A. SHANER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION mm SEPT- 15. 1920.

Patented July 19, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

//V VENTOAS 422 22232 4 J Zam. J

J. B. ANDERSON, J. B. GARNER AND G. A. SHANER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-1.5, I920.

Patented July 19, 1921.

4 SHEEN-4H! 3.

IN VENTORS mm J. BLANDERSON, J. B. GARNER AND G. A. SHANER.

D FUEL BURNER.

APPLI N FILED SEPI- 15. 1920. 1,384,985. Patented 19, 1921.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES B. ANDERSON, OF SEALER TOWNSHIP, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, JAMES B. GABNEB, OI PITTSBURGH, AND GEORGE A. SHAKER, OI BUTLER, PENN- mvnnn.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

burners for the combustion of liquid fuel, such as petroleum and its derivatives; our

object has been to produce a burner adaptable to domestic use, as well as to use in a wider field, and under other circumstances.

. For domestic use, a burner should be simple and safe, not requiring skilled care and attention, and, as in all cases, the burner should efi'ect substantially erfect combustion, and should deliver up or the intended service the maximum attainable percentage of heat units,

In our burner as we have worked it out for domestic use, the liquid fuel. flows from a suitable source of supply and enters the burner under a small but sufficient head of a few ounces. There is no driving of a jet of fuel under great pressure produced by special, pressure-generating apparatus. Steam is not employed; the air-supply 1s free; and the draft is natural, as distinguished from the forced draft "produced by blower or equivalent pressure-generating means commonly employed in liquid-fuel burners. p

The statements of the immediately preceding paragraph will be understood to. be, not statements by wa of limitation, but statements rather in ilustration of the adaptability of our invention. It will in the sequel appear that our invention may still be employedunder other condltions as well,-the condition of forced draft, for example.

In the accompanying drawings, F1 ure I is a view in vertical central section 0 our burner, as'itmay be arranged for example in the fire box of the ordinary heating furnace for a dwelling; Figs. II and III are views in plan and to lar r scale of two of the burner pans detache of the burner of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 19, 1921.

Application filed September 15, 1920. Serial No. 410,463.

Fig. I; Figs. IV and V are views in horizontal section throu h the burner, the planes of section being in icated in Fi I by the lines IV--IV and V-V, respectlvely. The scale to which Fig. V is drawn is, for clearness of showing, twice that of Fig. I. Fig. V1 is a transverse section through the heating chamber and fire box of a reverberatory furnace, showing the burner of our invention a plied to conditions other than domes-.

tic. ig. VII is a view to a larger scale of a ortion of the section shown in Fig. I.

e burner of the drawings consists essentially of fuel sup ly pi 1, burner ans 2, base plate 3, an air-diiecting shel s 4 and 5.

The fuel-supply pipe 1 stands vertically; it is fed from a suitable source of supply throu h its lower end; and, as has already been intimated, the supply is such and is so controlled that the llquid fuel ascends through pi e 1 and flows out at its upper end under ow head. For domestic use the head amounts to but a few ounces; for other service it ma be greater; but in no case is it comparab e with the pressures employed in burners of the forced-injection type. The head, though low, should be constant. The control of fuel supply forms no part of our present invention, and the controlling means are not shown. But means to accomplish the end described are well known.

The fuel-supply pipe 1 terminates above in a nozzle of reduced orifice. A cap 6 is screw-threaded upon the upper end of ipe 1, and in cap 6 is set a perforated spu 26, and throu h the perforation the liquid fuel s urts. T e cap 6 is advantageously domes aped and upwardly convex; spud 26 stands protruding slightly from it; and both members may as 1s best shown in Fig. V, be provided with surfaces adapted to be engaged by a wrench. Being so secured to pipe 1, cap 6 may additionally serve another purpose, presently to be described. Above cap 6 and opposite the nozzle formed in it, is arran ed the downwardly concave dome 7, upon t e inner surface of which the spurt of fuel from the nozzle impinges. Cap and dome together constitute means for distributing the oil as it emerges from the feed pipe 1 evenly around the circle of the burner pans.

and III), consisting of inner and outer conportion; and so on.

centric troughs and of radially extending inter-communicating troughs between. Between the radial troughs are spaces 10 which, as will presently appear, constitute air passageways. The pans are, accordingly, ported burner pans. Comparing Figs. II and III with Fig. I, it will further appear that the inner and outer concentric troughs are arranged in different planes; and that, when the pan as a whole is horizontally disposed, the radial troughs which inter-connect the concentric troughs extend anqularly, at an incline to the horizontal.

The uppermost pan-and, if there be but one, it will in this respect be like the uppermost shown in Fig. Iis inclined from the inner concentric trough outward and downward to the outer concentric trough.

If there be more pansothan one, the successive pans are oppositely inclined. Beginning at the top, the inclination is outward; the next pan 1nclines inward; the third'if there be a third-outward; and so on. The successive pans are, but for the opposite inclination already described, substantially identical in shape and size. The upper of any two adjacent pans in the structure is perforate in its lower part, that fuel may flow from to the upper part of the next lower pan. That, is to say, the outer concentric trough ofthe uppermost pan is, as shown in Fig. II, provided at the bottom with perforations 8; the next lower pan is perforated, as is indicated in Fig. III, by perforations 9 in the. inner concentric trough These perforations are preferably formed with downward extending protrusions or nozzles 21, to insure the freer flow of oil downward through them.

The dome 7 already described and theinner concentric trough of the uppermost burner pan are, so proportioned and arranged that the liquid. fuel, impinging upon the peak of the dome within, spreads and descends from the rim of the dome and from the domed upper surface of cap-nut 6 into this inner trough.

Provision is made for protection of the liquid ascending through feed-pipe 1, to pre-' vent vaporizatiomand to insure emergence of the fuel and distribution of it over the burner pan structure, while still in liquid condition. This provision consists in forming so much of the feed-pipe as is exposed ing of'the pans one above another.

to greatest heat with double walls, with a layer of asbestos, 27, or equivalent insulation between.

Means for securing the burner pans already described to the feed pipe, that they 'may be carried thereby and constitute therewith an integrated part of the structure, are found in sleeve sections 11 which envelop the feed pipe and between adjacent ends of which'the inner edges of the burner pans extend, the whole being firml clamped by the cap nut 6, already described? The length of the sleeve sections determines, the spac- To the feed-pipe 1, at. a point beneath the lowermost burner pan, is brazed a collar 28, and against this collar the succession of burner pans 2 and sleeve sections 11 is secured by cap-nut 6, the whole being thus integrated into a struc ture which may be dealt with as a unit in assembly and removal.

Anticipating further description, we allude to bracket 20, depending from base plate 3. On this bracket the burner structure as thus far described is mounted, and in the following manner. perforated and upon it, and surrounding the perforation, is set, and preferably brazed in place, a saucer 14 with an upwardly extending sleeve 12 brazed centrally within it.

Sleeve 12 is alined with the perforationin the bracket. The burner unit already described is applied by introducing feed-pipe 1 through sleeve 12 from above, and is secured by a nut 29 screw threaded upon feedpipe 1 beneath bracket 20. Nut 29 and collar The bracket 7 is- 28 cooperate, to make clamping engagement upon bracket 20 beneath and the upper end of sleeve 12 above. I

The sleeve sections 11 are looseupon feedpipe 1,' and intentionally so, and such space as there is between will be widened somewhat, "when under service conditions the sleeve sections are by heat expanded in greater degree than the pipe. The existence of this space, interruptingheat conduction,

ner rim of the burner pan 2 as well, intentionally stand at an interval from the exterior surface'of stand pipe 1. That interval here is indicated diagrammatically at 7). As has been said that interval 6 will when the burner is in service be somewhat greater than when the burner is not in service, by virtue of the fact that the sleeve will be exposed to higher heat conditions than the pipe 1 which it surrounds. Furthermore, the clamping of sleeve 11 and burner pan 2 beneath cap 6 will not be and cannot practically be so close but that (particularly under the heat conditions of service) seepage may lead spaces a and 01 will 0 en, through which spaces the liquid fuel descending over the exterior surface of cap 6 and to the burner pan will in some relativel small part seep through into s ace 1). he oil so seeping into space b wi l descend through this space formed by and between sleeve sections and burner .pans on the one side and fuel pipe 1 on the other side until, reaching the collar 28 below, which is brazed to the fuel feed pipe, it will see out and spread over the upper surface 0 collar 28 and drip thence into saucer 12.

In the absence of special provisions, it is not possible to make the seams between the meeting faces of cap 6, sleeve sections 11, pans 2, and collar 28 so ti ht, but that some oil will seep through. nstead of seeking to revent such seepage, we take advantage of 1t, and this to two desirable ends. First, such oil as seeps in and runs down between sleeve and feed-pipe aflords more complete heat insulation. Second, we use this seepage oil to nourish an auxiliary burner which, burning below, gives its heat to the burner pans above, and expedites vaporization there. This auxiliary burner conveniently takes the form of a saucer 13, encircling and brazed upon sleeve 12. It lies, as Wlll be seen, beneath the burner pan structure. In this saucer whatever seepage asses through, collects, and here it may be a lowed to burn. A roll a of asbestos fiber may if desired lie in saucer 13 to serve as a wick for the flame therein. dollar 28, be it remarked, is formed with a dependin lower rim which, when the arts are assem led, overhangs the upper an of sleeve 12. This arrangement prevents passage of the see age oil into sleeve 12 and insures descent rom the outer surface of collar 28 into saucer 13.

Beneath both burner-pan structure and saucer 13 a second saucer 14 already alluded to may be secured, to collect any drip or overflow and from this sauceran escape 15 to a suitable place of discharge.

has been said, the entire burner-pan structure thus far described (excepting only the dome 7 is conveniently carried on bracket 20 w ich depends from base-plate 3.

The base-plate 3 and the shells 4 and 5 constitute means for controlling the supply of air to the burner. The two shells 4 and 5 are in shape frusta of cones; they are of unequal size, are concentrically arranged, and rise from the base plate to different heights. The inner and smaller cone 4 is also the lower. The base plate 3 is ported through the base of the inner cone, and also through the web between the two cones, and through these ports and through these only air reaches the burner.

The base-plate extends horizontally, the two shells rise from it, and the burner structure as heretofore described, the feed-pipe with the parts which it carries, stands centrally within. The feed-pipe rises through the central port in the base-plate; the burner-pan structure is preferabl disposed as shown, the pans situated whol y between the planes of frustum of the two cones, or substantially so; and the saucer 13 stands opposite shell 4, with an interval between. Saucer 14 stands at a level below the plane of the base-plate. The two shells are at their upper open ends of greater diameter than the burner pans, and the outer shell 5 is preferably somewhat greater in diameter at its upper end than the inner.

Above and opposite the mouththat is, the upper open endof outer shell 5 is arranged at a suitable interval a deflector plate 16. Conveniently this deflector plate is carried by shell 5, as by the tripod support 17. The oflice of deflector plate 16 is to baflle the upward streaming flame, to effect a swirling and a spreadin of the flame, with consequent more per ect combustion. Preferably the deflector plate is plane-faced. circular, of substantially equal or slightly greater diameter than the upper opening of the shell 5, and it stands horizontally disposed above shell 5 at such an interval as the drawing indicatesan interval substantially equal to the diameter of the opening. Careful consideration of Fig. I will show that deflector plate 16 is situated slightly below the apex of the cone of which shell 4 is a frustum. Such is its proper position. The deflector is, in case the burner functions under natural draft, essential to effect complete combustion. In case the burner be used without the deflector plate, combustion under natural draft will be incomplete, as evidenced b the issue of smoke from the chimney. V l hen present, there is no smoke. The deflector. being present, arrests carbon particles, and keeping them in the heated re ion, insures their complete combustion.

onveniently deflector plate 16 may carry the dome 7 which overhangs the nozzle of the feed-pipe and spreads the liquid spurting from the nozzle. The drawings show that such a support for the dome may be adjustable, that the dome may be positioned with nicety. Internally the dome may be provided with spacin teats 18 Fig. V), by means of which t e dome may be accurately centered and maintained at a distance from the nozzle 6 not diminishable beyond a predetermined minimum.

The outer shell 5 and the inner shell 4 may be provided with a double door 19 0 ening as a unit on a single hinge (of. Fig. V), and affording more ready access to the interior.

Directing attention now to the flow of air, it will be understood that base-plate 3 is, but for the ports described, imperforate; and that the structure stands in a fire box, with around the peripheries.

air supply to the space beneath the baseplate and with chimney connection above. Air rises through the ports in the base-plate in two streams, separated one from the other by the shell 4. The central stream flowing between the rim of saucer l3 and shell 4L rises through the burner pansin part through the ports 10 of the pans, in part The outer stream of air sweeps the whole burner-pan structure externally and affords additional volumes of flame-nourishing air. It will be observed also that air rising within shell 4 gains access to saucer 13, to nourish combustion of oil collecting therein.

The entering oil spreads over the burner pans and flows downward, crossing in zigzag path, to and fro, across the stream of ascending air. From the pans the fuel rises in vapor form and burns. Heat from the flame in saucer 13 and from the flames above the pans themselves increases greatly the rate of evaporation; and, as the burner continues in action, a body of vapor is rising from all the pans and this, mingling with the streams of air, burns from the mouth of the upper cone. Combustion is complete, and the maximum quantity of heat is released.

Among the advantages of the burner constructed as described, and operating in the manner indicated, are these additional ones. The oil spread in a thin film over alarge surface is gradually vaporized, and this without carbonization; the air rising through and around the burner pans flows across each edge of the several trough members, with consequent thorough mixing of vapor and air. There is a progressive mixture; the primary air, rising through the inner shell, inundates the burner pans and flows upward mingled with the vapor of the fuel; as this stream ascends it mingles with the body of secondary air which surrounds it, and forms a mixture such as to effect complete combustion. Combustion is localized, so that the heat is available at the point required. The saucer 13 reflects the heat upward, keeping the lower portion of the feed-pipe cool, and conserving heat; similarly, the saucer 14L screens saucer 13 from the cooling effect of incoming air, and so increases the efficiency of saucer 13 as an auxiliary burner. The two saucers l3 and 14- cooperate with shell 4 to properly direct the stream of primary air flowing between, to cause it to become heated and to rise through the burner pans to effect rapid and intimate mingling with the fuel vapors.

Referring to Fig. VI, a few words will sufiice to explain this application of our invention to a reverberatory furnace. 30 is the furnace chamber; 31 the fire-box. Across the lower portion of the fire box, where ordinarily the grate for a coal fire is arranged, extends the horizontal partition 3, constituting the base plate. In a central orifice in this base plate stands the burner, substantially such as has already been described. The deflector may be dispensed with, and dome 7 may be carried on the feed-pipe. The supply-pipe leading to the vertically arranged feed-pipe l is for clearness of illustration omitted, but its arrangement is obvious and will be taken for granted. The air supply enters the burner, not by the natural draft, as indicated in Fig. I, but from a header 32 ar ranged in the space beneath base-plate 3 fed with compressed air through an air-supply pipe 33. This air supply pipe may advantageously include convolutions 34 arranged in the roof of firebox 31, to the end that the air may be preheated, before entering the burner. From air-supply pipe 33 a branch leads and from it a stream of air may be directed across the fire-box chamber directly above the burner and into the revcrberatory chamber. Suitable valves, such as indicated at 37, may determine the relative amounts of air delivered through the burner and above the burner. If desired, an auxiliary jet ofgas may be introduced, as through pipe 36, to the stream entering the fire-box above the burner.

It will of course be understood that, while the burner pans will preferably be truly circular in plan, circularity is not requisite nor essential. In the ensuing claim the term wheel-shaped is to be understood, not in a narrowly definitive sense, but as inclusive rather of whatever variations in shape may occur to the designer, While still retaining the essential feature of the alternate centrifugal and centripetal flow of the oil through the burner pans.

The essential features of our invention are defined in the ensuing claims. So long as these are employed our invention will be enjoyed whether the particular structural parts shown and described by way of example be present or not.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a liquid-fuel burner a wheel-shaped fuel pan consisting of inner and outer concentric troughs horizontally disposed and standing at different levels, with inclined radial communicating troughs between, and spaces between adjacent radial troughs, such pan standing athwart an ascending stream of air, its component troughs all open and accessible to the flame-nourishing air of such stream, means for feedin hydrocarbon to the upper portion of sai pan, and means for maintaining beneath said pan a heating flame, substantially as described.

2. In a liquid-fuel burner a plurality of levels, with inclined radial communicating troughs between, and spaces between adjacent radial troughs, the said troughs in their relative arrangement being vertically alined and oppositely inclined, the upper pan being provided in its lower portion with drip perforations, said pans standing athwart an ascending stream of air, and means for feedin hydrocarbon to the upper pan, substantiall as described.

3. In a liquid-fuel urner the combination of a vertically extending feed pipe open at its upper end and shouldered externally, a sleeve loosely surrounding said feed pipe, a fuel pan loosely encirling said feed pipe said pan consisting of fuel carrying troughs separated by air passageways, means for clamping sleeve and pan against the shoulder formed externally upon said feed pipe, such clamping means permitting seepage of fuel between the abutting surfaces and into the space between sleeve and feed pipe, and an auxiliary burner arranged beneath said burner pan and to which such seepage has access, substantially as described.

4. In a li uid-fuel burner the combination of a vertical extending feed pipe open at its upper end and shouldered externally, a sleeve loosely surrounding said feed pipe, a fuel pan loosely encircling said feed p18: said pan consisting of fuel carrying troug separated by air assageways, means for clam ing sleeve an pan against the shoulder ormed externally upon said feed pipe such clamping means permitting seepage of fuel between the abutting surfaces and into the space between sleeve and feed pipe, and a saucer arranged beneath said burner pan and to which such seepage has access, substantially as described.

5. In a li uid-fuel burner the combination of a vertica y extending feed pipe open at its upper end and shouldered externally, a sleeve loosely surrounding said feed pipe, a fuel pan loosely encircling said feed pi we said pan consisting of fuel carrying troug s separated by air passageways, means for clamping sleeve and pan against the shoulder formed externally upon said feed pipe. such clamping means permitting seepage of fuel between the abutting surfaces and into the space between sleeve and feed pipe, an auxiliary burner arranged beneath said burner pan and to which such seepage has access, and a saucer arranged beneath said auxiliary burner and serving at once as an overflow receptacle and as a protecting screen for said auxiliary burner, substantially as described.

6. In a liquid-fuel burner, means for causing a stream of oil to flow by gravity in divided branches to and fro across a stream of air ascending between the branches, the surface of the flowing stream being exposed to the air.

7. In a liquid-fuel burner a plurality of wheel-shaped burner pans equal in size and placed in vertical alinement, means for feeding liquid fuel to the uppermost pan, means for causing a stream of air to flow upward through the sector-shaped ports in said pans and means for causing a second stream of air to flow upward opposite the rims of said pins, substantially as described.

8. In a liquid-fuel burner a plurality of burner pans of equal size shaped each like a wheel with inclined spokes, open spaces being left between the spokes, said pans being set horizontally and in vertical alinement, means for causing air to rise through the open spaces alluded to, and means for causing an enveloping current of air to rise around the outer peripheries of said pans, substantially as described.

9. A liquid-fuel burner including in its structure a frustum-shaped air passageway vertically disposed and open above and below to air circulation, and a wheel-shaped burner pan horizontally and concentrically arranged within said passageway, said burner pan consisting of inner and outer concentric troughs standing at different levels and intercommunicating inclined radial troughs, with spaces between, said pan standing free of the inner walls of the air passageway, the component troughs of said pan being all open and accessible to the flame-nourishing stream of air, and means for feeding fuel to the upper of the concentric troughs of the burner pan, substantially as described.

10. In a liquid-fuel burner the combination of a horizontally extending base-plate provided with two concentrically arranged upwardly extending frustum-shaped shells, the outer rising higher from the base plate than the inner, and the base plate being ported within the base of the inner frustum and in the interval between the two shells, a liquid-fuel feed-pipe rising centrally and vertically through the central port in said base-plate, and a ported fuel-pan structure surrounding said feed-pipe and in its vertical extent disposed between the planes of the upper bases of said conical shells, substantially as described.

11. A liquid-fuel burner including in its structure a frustum-shaped air passageway vertically disposed and open above and below to air circulation, and a wheel-shaped burner pan horizontally and concentrically arranged within said passageway, said burner pan consisting of inner and outer concentrlc troughs standing at different levels and intercommunicating inclined radial troughs, with spaces between, said pan standing free of the inner walls of the air passageway, the component troughs of said pan being throughout open and accessible to the flame-nourishing stream of air, means for feeding fuel to the upper of the concentric troughs of the burner an, and a planesurfaceddeflector plate lorizontall disposed and arranged above and opposite the upper end of said casing.

12. A liquid-fuel burner including in its structure two concentrically arranged vertically positioned frustum-shaped shells, open both of them at both ends, above and below, a deflector arranged opposite the upper end of the outer shell and adjacent the apex of the cone of which the inner shell is afrustum, a fuel pan arranged within the outer shellv and above the plane of the upper base of the inner shell, the arrangement being envelops and nourishes the flame rising from 20 said pan.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

JAMES B. ANDERSON. JAMES B. GARNER. GEORGE A. SHANER.

Witnesses:

BAYARD H. CHRIs'rY, FRANCIS J. TOMASSON.

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