US1384360A - Machine for translating rotary into reciprocating movements - Google Patents

Description

N. n. STEWART. MACHINE FOR TRANSLATING ROTARY INTO RECIPROCATING MOVEM ENTS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19. I9I7.- RENEWED OCT. 15,1920.

Patented July 12, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET l N. D. STEWART. MACHINE FOB TRANSLATING ROTARY mm RECIPROCATING M OVEMENTS.

APPLICATION m 'b JULY 19. 1911. RENEWED OCT. 15, .1920. 1,384,360.

Patented July 12,1921.

3 SHEETg-SHEET N. D. STEWART MACHINE FORTRANSLATING ROTARY INTO RECIPROCATING MOVEME NTS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19, I917- RENEWED OCT- 15.1920.

Patented July 12, 1921.

' gwmntoz UNITED STATES r rem OFFICE.

NORRIS D. STEWART OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

MACHINE ron'rnensnn rrne aoran nv'ro RECIPROCATING MOVEMENTS. l

Application filed July 19, 1917, Serial No. 181,583. Renewed October 15, 1920. Serial No. 417,265.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Nonnrs D. STEWART, a citizen of the. United States, residing at San Antonio, in the county of BeXar and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Translating Rotary into Reciprocating Movements, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to improvements in mechanism of the class includingthose each of which comprises a rotary driving element and a reciprocating power imparting element; the object being to rovide a mechanism which can be operatec with the utmost economy, relative to consumption of power, time, and amount of work done.

The improvements which I have made are particularly advantageous in machines used in compressing materials in forming bales, as, hay, for example. And for clearly setting forth an embodiment of the features of construction and operation which characterize mv invention, I have illustrated and will describe a hay press as typical of the machines which can be constructed in my improved manner. Then one of these machines is in operation itssuccessively working movements may be regarded as occurring in cycles, a forward or working stroke and a return or idle stroke constituting one of these cycles. When the power transmitting parts of the plunger are returned from the limit of its forward movement to the limit of its rearward movement, they may be regarded as unloaded, and during this movement or stroke there is practically no work at all beingdone, andat such time it is desirable that the plunger should be returned withas high a speed as is possible within the of safety for the parts.

WVhen the plunger, however, is moving in the opposite direction, it passes through three stages whose differences are well defined so far as the amounts of work done in them, respectively, are concerned. As it is moving from its initial position through the receiving chamber it moves comparatively easilyfor the first two-thirds, (or thereabouts') of its total travel. Then it begins to experience severe resistance for twothirds of the remainder of its path, and during the last few inches of its travel it is powerfully resisted.

. The mechamsm which I have designed is stroke.

.the end of its return stroke.

limit intended to move the plunger of one of these machines in such a way that high speed can a be attained on the return stroke with a minimum consumption of power, and that on the forward stroke it increases in power and decreases in speed in a manner conform ing to the facts above specified.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side eleva- 1 tion of a hay press having parts constructed Fig. 5 is a similar view, illustrating the.

posltions during the return 7 parts'and their Fig. 6 is a similar view, showing the parts at the time when the plunger has reached Specification of Letters-Patent. Paton-ted July 12, 1921. i

way as to em dy my commencement of i Fig. -7 shows the parts in the positions occupied at the time when the plunger has made about two-thirds of its forward stroke.

A suitable frame is provided for firmly holding the moving parts of the mechanism, that shown having longitudinal bottom sills tively movable parts in receiving and trans .mltting power, the important ones are the 1, 1, top sills 2, 2, bottom cross bars or girts 3, 3, top cross bars 4, 4E, and binders uprights 5, 5, one at each side of the frame and rigidly secured to the sills and the cross bars. This power frame, if necessary, may

be strengthened by braces 6, 6, and other similar devices.

Transporting wheels of any suitablecharacter-,such as those at 7, 7,1nay be provided ings B.

The frame supports the hopper or receiving guide at 10, which in detail may be of any preferred form. As illustrated, it has inclined walls 11 whichguide the material to the mouth 12 or entrance of the receiving with their axles mountedinbracket bear- 1 chamber 13, where it is 'first received from the hopper and held until it is impinged upon bythe plunger 14.

. The compressing chamber is indicated at 14 V 7 Upon the top of the uprights 5 the drive shaft 15 is mountedin bearings 16, secured to this part of the frame.

This shaft is provided with a power receivingpulley 17, adapted to beconnected by a belt to an engine or counter sha'ft. It also has two pmions 18', 18,in vertical planes immedlately inside of those of the uprights 5. Each of the latter is formedwith a guideway 19 hav ing an upper element 20 and a lower ele ment 21 at a predetermined inclination to each other. 7 These guides are provided,;in the mechanism shown, by constructing, up-

' rights 5 of relatively wide, strong plates which slots are formed. j

22 is a swinging arm or lever pivotally mounted loosely at its upper end on the drive shaft 15. At its lower end it is pivoted to the pitman 23 of the plunger 14. The

movements of the plunger are caused by the oscillations of this lever arm 22.

7 To effect variable movements of the lever arm'use is made of the following devices:

they include two large'gear wheels 24, 24,

spaced apart,'one on one side of the lever arm 2 2and the other on the other, They are supported on the arm by means of a through shaft 25, whose axisis between thev axes of the pitman drive shaft 15.

The wheels can swing backward and for- Ward withthe arm and can simultaneously rotate around the axis of the shaft 251 pivot 23 and of the Their rotation is caused by the pinions 18,

18, on the drive shaft 15 engaging with them.

The reciprocatmg or swing ng movement I of thewheels 24, bodily, is effected by means of projections extending laterally outward.

from the outer faces of the wheels, respectively, these projections passing through the guideways 19 and engaging with the edge walls. Each projection comprises a pin or stud shaft 27 and an anti-friction roller 28. -Asshown, (Fig.3) each of the rollers is grooved and engages transversely. or laterally with the walls of the guideways. The axis of the projecting pins or studs 27 is eccentric tothe axis of the shaft '25 around which the wheels 24 rotate.

lVhen they are rotating under the force from theidr-iving pinions 18 the pins 27 and the rollers 28 are causedto move upward and thendownward in the guide slots 20, 21. The rotary motion of the wheels 24, in

conjunction with the action of the projec tions in the guides, results in the swinging of the Wheels 24 and ofthe lever arm 22 backward and-forward.

' The hay is pressed or packed downward Fig. 4

top part of the power frame. The packer is moved down and up by devices connected to the pitman 23, these including a link 35 and the bell crank lever 36, hinged at 37 to the pivot or shaft of the packer arm 31.

then the plunger 14 moves backward the link 35 draws down on the bell lever 36 and on thepacker arm 31, thelatter carrying the packer 29 downward into the hopper and into the receiving chamber. As the plunger 14 returns on its forward stroke the link 35 causes the upward movement of the arm and the. lifting ofthe packer.

At 38, 39, are indicated the block dropping devices, which may be of any suitable or preferred sort.

described will be readily understood. Assuming that the plunger is at the forward limit of its movement, as shown inFig. 1,. and that a charge of hay is in. or, ready. to

be deposited in the hopper, and that the belt pulley 17 has been set in operation, the prime pinions 18 commence to rotate the large gearwheels 24, 24 in the direction indicated by the arrow. These, as soon as they begin to rotate, cause the projections and the rollers 27, 28, to move upward in the part 20. of the guide 19. These serve as movable fulcra and the lever arm 22 is caused to swing backward as in Fig. 5. The plunger is drawn also backwardythe link 35 pulls the packer downwardand the charge of hay is forced from the hopper into the receiving chamber just as 14 leaves it, this being the which the plunger will engage on its next forward stroke. The wheels 24, under the power, continue to rotate in the same direction. Theirv axis and the shaft25 swing backward under the projections. 27 and then T'ISGOH the rear side relatively to. the proectlons; that is to say, during the movethe plunger -ments referred to the lever arm 22 has position shown, in

swung backward fromv the to the position shown in Fig.6., The fulcrum roller, at 27- has first risen relatively. somewhat andthen begun to.

period the i move downward. During this traveling fulcrum has been so positioned relatively, that the swinging of the arm has been withincreasing rapidity.

charge with I The operation of the mechanism above The wheels 24 continuing to revolve, on 7 their, axis in the same direction, the fulcrum projections and the rollers27 begin to travel 1 through the element 21 of the; guideways'.

' m Fig. 4.

the arm was moving from its forward limit to its rear limit. The parts during this period havemoved from the positions shown in Fig. 6 to those shown in Fig. 7. The

movements of the parts continue with a further advance of the plunger, which has now commenced to compress somewhat powerfully the charge of hay, this movement continuing, say, during six inches of the plungers travel forward. The shifting fulcrums in this period have been in such relative positions that the speed of the swinging arm has been considerably reduced, butthe power which it exerts has been relatively increased. v A A few say three, inches of travel forward remain for the plunger. The movable fulcra are at this time in those parts 'of-the guideways where the speed of travel-is reduced to the minimum but the greatest power is exerted, the change in positions of the parts being noted u on comparing the positions shown in Fig. with those shown A block having been "(by assumption) put properly in place, the compres'sed bale is ready for tying in the usual way.

The plunger is now at its forward limit and the gear wheels 24, continuing to revolve, the cycle of movements above de scribed is repeated.

I am aware that hay presses have been made in each of which there was use in the train of parts, between the plunger and the initial power devices, of one or more eccentric wheels-generally a pair of toothed gear wheels mounted on bearings eccentric to their axes, which latter are stationary relatively to the frame. They are driven by toothed pinions which move bodily to compensate for the relative peculiar movements of the wheel, and with the parts are generally combined variable belt driving devices to compensate, in turn, for the movements, bodily, of the pinions, their shaft, and the driven belt pulley.

The eccentric wheels are large and heavy, and the results brought about by moving them around bearings which are eccentric to their axes I have found very disadvantageous. And again, the parts required to effect all of the compensations are numerous, and the machines are complicated and not durable.

In my construction the large transmitting gear wheels are supported at their central axes, and while the driving shaft is moving uniformly the large wheels rotate with a constant predetermined speed. The drive shaft is in fixed bearings, no compensators of any form'are required, and the number and character of the power. transmitting parts are reduced to a minimum.

While I have above quite specifically described the form and'arrangement of each of-the parts found in a the illustrated ma chine,* th'e following will beobserved; The

centrally 'mountedwheelsQ-i have not only a motion of rotation around their central axes but they are also bodily movable with those Y axes through a predetermined "path,

and while traveling through the successive parts of that path, their bodily movements are translatedinto movements of the plunger, which vary in theway and for the pur'-, poses above described; p I

As concerns speed and the imparting of power: The means for varying the speed and the power delivered may bereg'arcled as I these bodily movements of the wheel. Inu the illustrated mechanism there is anabutment, which is stationary relatively to the.

devices which, with varying forces, resist wheels, and a shifting fulcrum movable syn-' chronously with the wheels, "and in proper direction-s, and bearing first at one point and then at another upon the said abutment, the

abutment being, as aforesaid, a device for I resisting the movement of the fulcrum withvarying; amounts offorce. I

I have: described in detail the specific mechanism which I have selected'to typically illustrate machines whichcan embody my improvements; and it will be understood that I do not limit myself in this respect.

What I claim is:

1. The combination with the plunger of power transmitting devices connectedto the plunger and comprising a bodily movable wheel rotating around its central axis, a shifting fulcrum moving! in synchronism with the bodily movements of the wheel, and means independent of the wheel for resisting the movement of the fulcrum with varying amounts of force.

2. The combination with the plunger of power transmitting devices connected to the plunger and comprising a bodily movable wheel rotating with substantially constant speed around its central axis, a shifting fulcrum moving in synchronism with the bodily movement of the wheel, and means independent of the wheel for resisting the movement of the fulcrum with varying' amounts of force.

3. The combination with the plunger of power transmitting devices connected to the plunger and comprising a bodily movablemovement of the, fulcrum along the abut-- ment wi h varying; amou s; rce L 4. The combinat on with the plungeroi power transmitting devices connected tothe Pl g r and ,compri ng" a bod y mo Wheel rotating with a substantially constant v speed around its central axis, a fulcrum which is shifted by the rotary movement of the wheel, and anabutment for the ful crum along hich it h s a w ic r sists its movements with varying amounts ofn through thesucce'ssive parts of a predeterminedpath, a relatively fixed abutment and .a movablefulcrum interposed between the "Wheel and the said; abutment, and power.

transmitting devices extending from the plunger to the wheel axis for translating the variable bodily movements of the wheel into corresponding movements, of the plunger. a

'6. The combination :With the plunger of power transmitting devices: connected to the plunger and comprising. a power driven .wheel'having a substantially constant; speed of rotation around its centralwaxis and bodily movable with said axis through a c predetermined path of reciprocation, a rel-v inemen;

atively stationary abutment; a shifting ful:

I cru'm interposed between the-gear. wheel and thesaid abutment, and means for translat mg the bodily movements of the Wheel into movements of; the plunger varyingrela-a V t v ly from ea h other substantial y as set forth.

power driven Wheel which rotates around its central axis, and means, for successively retarding and accelerating the bodily movements: fjthe wheel.

8 The bina ion it the plunger f power t nsmitting devices connect d to e plunger and ieomprijsing- I a: fixed prime, driv-= 7. The combination with the plunger ofpower transmitting devices connected to, the plunger:andcomprising a bodily movable-- in'gshaft; a vibrating lever arm connectedv tortheplunger za wheel driven from thesaid shaft rotating around its central axis and supported by said lever arm, and a stat onary abutment with amovable fulcrumdnterposed between the said lever arm-and;

said abutment, and adapted to vary the a a speedof the arm and the thereby, as described. 1

In testimony whereof I my signer ture,1in presence of twowitnesses- Witnesses t 1 V power imparted Non ns n STEWART;

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