US1379177A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Description

J. GOOD.

COMBUSTlON APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 28, 1917. RENEWED J'UNE 24,1920.

Patented May 24, 1921 I I I MINA! I UNITED STATES PAT NT "OFFICE.

JOHN GOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB TO GOOD INVENTIONS 60., OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 24, 1921.

Application filed June 28, 1917, Serial Ito. 177,443. Renewed June 24, 1820. Serial No. 391,520.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, JOHN G001), a. United States citizen, and resident of Brooklyn,

such as may be produced by a suction fan.

applied to the burner outlet causing air to flow into the burner from atmosphere. The invention consists in an improved method and means of insuring reliable ignition of the fuel mixture in burners of this kind even though the apparatus be quite cold, as in zero weather, or the fuel be of low infiammability. In a copendin application now Patout No. 1,331,985, I have disclosed a method of insuring reliable ignition in liquid fuel burners of this general class which consists in causing the mixture in the burner to be initially richer in fuel than required for the subsequent combustion, and this is accomplished, in the specific structure of that patent, by initially intermitting the action. of one of the two air-supplying devices comprehended in that structure, with the result that the action of the remaining device produces a rich spray mixture in the burner adapted for instant and certain ignition. In some of the various uses to which this class of apparatus may be put however, it is not always convenient or suitable to produce the initial richness in this manner, nor with fuels of better flammability, is it necessary to use the'higher pressure differences which are preferred in said patent. The present invention provides an improved and simplified method and means for accomplishing the initially rich efiect in burners operated by a single air-fiow-producing means at very moderate pressure difierences and particularly those burners which are of small compass and are operated by suction. Accordingto this invention the burner functions, on the establishment of such an air flow, to produce an abnormally high rate of fuel delivery durin the initial period of operation, so as to pro. uce that degree of richness of the fuel spray mixture and that degree of fineness of atomization which will make igmtion certain under otherwise diflicult or impossible conditions. In its preferred form such temporary rich condition isobtained by choking or restricting the air flow and this is also done automatically and caused to persist for an appropriate period while the igniter is inaction.

The mechanism diagrammed in the the accompanying drawings is merely one of many diii'erent embodiments taken for illustration of the principle of the invention.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal section of such embodiment, the suction creating means being shown in side elevation, and

Fig. 2 is a diagram of the electrical connections, the flame-generating part being shown on smaller scale and in section on line ll-1l of Fig. 1. l i

The burner or flame-generating part of the heating device includes a nozzle part 10 and an admission chamber 11 for the combustion-supporting air. These parts are connected to an outlet passage 12 of any suitable length, through which the flame is maintained and its products exhausted. The burneris provided with a liquid fuel spraying device comprising a nozzle 13 adapted to draw liquid fuel from a receptacle 14, sup plied by pipe 15, the liquid. in the chamber being kept at a constant level by a float-controlled valve of usual type. An air nozzle 16 entering the burner in aspirating relation to the oil nozzle 13 is adapted to deliver an air jet co-acting with fuel orifice and produce a liquid fuel spray inslde-of the interior wall or shell 19. which forms the ig-.'

nition and mixing space of the burner. This spray is intercepted by two opposing'electrodes 17 of an electric i iter which may.

be of common type, but is ere shown as two similar insulated plugs mounted adjacent to the nozzles in the casing part 10 and connected with a source of electrical energy, as, for instance, the secondary of a sparking duction coil 18. (Fig. 2.) The combustion supporting air from the chamber joins the spray in the ignition and mixing space through a number of holes in the shell 19, these being distributed around about the spray as indicated. Such air enters the airdistributing space 11 from the valve 22 when it is open, as presently explained, and

, to be heated or may extend through or ad jacent to such part or'parts, and it may be associated with and used for vaporizing the fuel charge of an internal combustion englne. The suction producing means may be operated from any suitable source of power, such for exampleasan electric motor 21 which may becon-nected'with the same source of electrical energy that operatesthe igniter, so thattheclosing of the circuit to operate the i niter'wilh 'at the same time, close the circuit of the electric motor, and thereby produce i nition' and combustion by'the operation 0 asingle member.

When the suction-producing means is set in operatien, the suction effect in the burner, besides drawing liquid fuel into the combustion space, as above described, also starts to draw in air through the valve 22 and chamber 11 but the air flow'through this path is obstructed by the position of the valve 22 which is'clo's'ed'at thestart and not opened, or allowed to open, promptly-so that prac tieally'the full force of the suction is momentarily active on the fuel spraying means to cause avery vigorous air jet and a correspondingly copious delivery of fuel. This produces-in the ignition andmixing space a mixture 'of'atomized" f-ueland air the properties of which are abnormally rich and suited=for spark ignition. In the case in hand the opening of the valve is retarded and timed automatically, by a dash-pot arrangement, 'comprisinga dash-pot piston 26 connected to the valve stem and working in a chamber 24 whichcontains the valve spring 28 and is kept filledwith liquid by'a passa' 21 connecting with the fuel receptac e. Holes in the piston allow, the liquid to flow to its opposite-sidesand the size of the piston and its holes determines the period of re; striction, as will be understood. As the valve- 22-approaches I its normal position,

movingagamst the spring, the ignition will be effected 'and'while the combustion, proceeds the fuel and air proportions entering the "burner become'these'=suited for the nornial combustion 'operatidn, and thereafter 4 the action of the spring produces-a correlation between'the' velocit "of the air jet'and theflow through'cliainer1-1 which keeps the proportions" cofistunt. Thatis to say, the valve 22'adniitsmorebr less air according as variation in the? suction condition in the burnefcauseefimore orless fuel 'to' be delivered by the fuel spraying means, thus keeping the proportions constant-though the suction and the rate of combustion may'vary. Delivery of fuel, except by the asplrating action of the air jet, is prevented by the pressure-equalizing passage 28 through which the pressure condition in float chamher is equalized with that in the interior of the device, and this-is arranged in the bottom of the burner to serve also as a drain back for liquid fuel, if any should collect'therein. To prevent the collection of liquid fuel on the spark-plug electrodes which might shortcircuit'them, they are made hook shaped so that drops of liquid thereon will drain away from the gap.

From the foregoing description of' the apparatus illustrated it will be apparent that invention. consists in starting the'c'ornbust-ien in this class of burner-shy initiallyproducing an abnormally high rate of fuel delivery into the burner, igniting it, and while bui'nin'g, reducing therate of fuel delivery to that requiredfor the'normal supply of combustion supporting ai'r, andmore particu' larly consists in producing this effect by coincidently restricting the entrance "of the said air which has the effect of increasing the suction effect on the fuel spraying-means with a corresponding intensificationof t atomizing action.

Claims: p 1. The method of starting-comh ustionof liquid fuel in a confined combustionspaee which consists in momentarily supplying said space with liquid fuehat'a'n abnormally high rate of delivery adaptedt w u r a rich and re arli'lyi'gnitible mixture'flo'w' of fuel and air l therein igniting said mixture flow and while it is-burnfing reducing said fuel rate and thereby establishing the proportions suited for nennad combustion.

2. The method of startin combustion-in liquid fuel burners which" consistsink 60- inci'dently supplying the same with liquid fuel at an abnormally high rate "of delivery and with air at an-abnerma' low-rate of delivery and thereby producing a 'rich and readily ignitihle flow of fiuel mixture therein igniting said flow and while it 'is 5 burning,

coincidently 'changing said delivery rates-to establish normal mixture 'prepertiens $11 the.

supply to the burner. a

The method 'of starting combustion" in suction-operated liquid fuel burners-which consistsin momentarily restricting the'suction air flow thereto and thereby causing-the.

suction effect to 'drawin fuel 'at' amabnormal'ly high rate adapted-to produce a -flbw of rich mixture, igniting said mixture and while it is burning removingsaid restrietidn and thereby establishing normalproportions in the "burner; I

4. The method of star-tins cmnlzmstion in suctionoperated"liquid fuel burnera ofthe so passage adapted for supplying fuel to said kind having air-atomized fuel-spray means,

' which consists in momentarily increasing the comprising a combustion space, a single airflow-producing means therefor, a fuel spraying meanscorrelated with the latter to maintain combustible proportions in the mixture flowing in said space, an igniter in such space, and means for making said mixture relatively rich in fuel when said airflow-producing means begins to function.

6. Inclosed liquid fuel burning apparatus compris a combustion space, a single airflow-proucing means, a fuel-spraying means correlated therewith to produce combustible proportions in the mixture flowing in said space, an igniter in said space, a

single means for setting all said means and the igniter in action and means for automatically making said mixture initially rich in fuel and later less rich.

Y. lnclosed liquid-fuel combustion apparatus comprising in combination, an ignition and mining space, a suction means in communication with the outlet of said space, an electric igniter in said space, a liquid fuel space at a rate establishing combustible mixture proportions therein, and means for automatically and momentarily making said mixture relatively rich in fuel when the suction means is started.

8. Liquid fuel combustion apparatus comprising an ignition and mixing space, a suction means connected therewith, a liquid fuel passage for delivering fuel to said space adapted to supply such'fuel thereto ata variable rate maintaining" substantially constant mixture proportions in said space and means for automatically making saidmixture proportions momentarily rlch in fuel when the suction means begins to function.

9. Inclosed liquid fuel combustion apparatus comprising a'motor, a suction reducing means actuated thereby, a com ustion space connected to said means and havin an an entrance, a valve for said entrance w ich is closed when said motor is started, a liquid fuel passage adapted for en plying fuel to said space in proportion to the suction flow therein andan electric igniter in said space Y adapted to ignite said mixture while said valve is closed or during its movement to normal position.

10. The combination-of a passage to be heated, having a liquid fuel atomizing means, an electric igniter, an inlet for combustion-su portingfa-ir, and a slow-moving valve mom 1' controlling said inlet and operating by'virtue of the establishment of a liquid fuel burning apparatus predetermined pressure difierence between the source of air supply and the interlor of said passage.

11. The combination of an inclosed flame passage of small compass, containing means.

means for admitting combustion-supporting air to said passage upon a predetermined lowerin ,of the pressure therein.

12. irihombination of an inclosed flame chamber of small compass, having a liquid nozzle, an open air nozzle in aspirating re lation thereto and in open communication with the atmosphere at its inlet end, an inlet for combustion supporting air, an inwardly opening, spring-pressed valve adapted for closing of obstructing said last mentioned inlet, and means for creating suction within said chamber to firstatomize fuel and thereafter open said. inlet valve.

13. The combination of an inclosed chamber of small compass, having a liquid fuel nozzle, an air nozzle in aspirating relation thereto, an igniter. inthe path of the atomized fuel, an inletfor combustion supporting air including a perforated well, an inwardly opening, spring-pressed valve normally 0bstructing said last mentioned inlet, and means for creating a difference in pressure between the interior of said chamber and the source of air sup 1y to reflect first an atomizing of the liquid fuel and ignition-cf the spray and later, the an oi said inlet valve.

M. in combination, a substantially cylindrical, perforated wall, a burner head at one end thereof and havin a means forspray.

ing fuel thereintm'an ignite! in the path of the llfid spray, an air admission chamber encirc g said wall and having an inlet, a valve normally obstructi said inlet, a dash pot connected to said va ve, and means for establishing a diiference in air pressure between the interior of said admission chain her and the source of air supply to open said valve-after the establishment and ignition of the li uid spray.

' 15. combination, a substantially cylindrical, perforated wall, a burner head at one end thereof and having a liquid fuel nozzle and an air delive lation thereto, an igniter in the ath of the liquid spray circling sald wall and having an inlet, a spring-pressed valve normally closing said inlet, a dash pot connected to said valve, and a suction device for opening said valve and nozzle in aspirating rean air admission 0 amber endrawing in combustion-supporting air after JonN soon.

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